A 56-year-old man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class C), ascites and hepatocellular carcinoma developed acute diarrhoea and fever. Ascites granulocyte count was 5760 per microliters. Campylobacter jejuni grew in cultures from faeces, blood and ascites. The patient was successfully treated with erythromycin. Although the incidence of bacterial infections including peritonitis is high in patients with end-stage liver cirrhosis, this is one of very few cases in which Campylobacter jejuni has been identified as the causative microorganism.