Non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) is a common symptom whose cause is currently unclear. Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is found in half of all patients with NUD but other pathophysiological abnormalities eg delayed gastric emptying, have also been described. NUD patients with or without H pylori infection have identical symptom patterns and pathophysiological parameters. Studies on the efficacy of H pylori treatment in NUD give equivocal results to date. We therefore do not recommend treatment for H pylori in NUD.