Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection is characterized by a chronic state of immune hyperactivation in patients. Infection of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with HIV-1 in vitro resulted in increased interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion in response to T cell activation via the CD3 and CD28 receptors. Expression of the HIV-1 transactivator Tat recapitulated this phenotype and was associated with increased IL-2 secretion in response to costimulation with CD3 plus CD28. IL-2 superinduction by Tat occurred at the transcriptional level, was mediated by the CD28-responsive element in the IL-2 promoter, and was exclusively dependent on the 29 amino acids encoded by the second exon of Tat.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Anti-HIV Agents / pharmacology
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Antibodies, Monoclonal / immunology
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CD28 Antigens / immunology*
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CD3 Complex / immunology
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Exons
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Gene Products, tat / genetics
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Gene Products, tat / physiology*
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HIV Infections / immunology
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HIV-1 / drug effects
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HIV-1 / genetics
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HIV-1 / physiology*
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Humans
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Interleukin-2 / genetics
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Interleukin-2 / metabolism*
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Jurkat Cells
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Leukocytes, Mononuclear / virology
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Lymphocyte Activation*
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Promoter Regions, Genetic
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T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
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T-Lymphocytes / virology*
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Transcription Factors / metabolism
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Transcription, Genetic
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Transfection
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Zidovudine / pharmacology
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tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Substances
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Anti-HIV Agents
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Antibodies, Monoclonal
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CD28 Antigens
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CD3 Complex
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Gene Products, tat
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Interleukin-2
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Transcription Factors
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tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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Zidovudine