A rare case of acute abdomen caused by the rupture of a solitary, non-parasitic cyst of the liver is reported. Considering the rarity of the event, it was considered interesting to examine the anatomo-pathological, clinical and diagnostic aspects as well as the various surgical and other treatment possibilities for these conditions. Stress is also laid on the fact that surgical treatment is only indicated in the case of complications, while in uncomplicated forms the treatment of choice of alcoholisation.