At the nephrologic offices of the Clinical Centre of Serbia Polyclinic 2,451 patients (975 males and 1,476 females) were examined over a period of four years (1987-1990). Out of these 647 (26.40%) were suffering from chronic renal failure. Hypertension as the principal diseases was diagnosed in 432 patients (17.62%), being somewhat more frequent in women. Two hundred patients were suffering from glomerulonephritis. Pyelonephritis was diagnosed in nearly the same number of patients (199). Out of the 129 patients suffering from urinary tract infections 112 (86.82%) were women. Women appeared in large numbers in other diagnostic groups as well. Quite a number of patients (14.08%) reported only once for functional examination of the kidneys. It may be concluded that among the examined patients the most numerous were those with chronic renal failure, while many were suffering from chronic nephropathy which points to the comparatively late diagnosing of nephrological disorders.