Background: Mediastinal parathyroid cysts are a relatively rare clinical entity. The clinical presentation can be quite varied, although most are found incidentally during investigations for esophageal or respiratory symptoms.
Methods: We present a review of the literature and describe two instructive cases showing specific clinical findings. The clinical presentation, radiologic and pathologic findings, and treatment of mediastinal parathyroid cysts are discussed.
Results: In the first patient, the presenting symptom was increasing hoarseness resulting from paresis of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. This case illustrates the rare association of a benign mediastinal parathyroid cyst with unilateral vocal cord palsy. The second patient presented with the more classic findings of progressive dyspnea and stridor related to tracheal compression.
Conclusions: Although mediastinal parathyroid cysts are rare and can have varied presentations, thorough investigation can reveal the underlying cyst. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice and can be expected to produce excellent results.