A total of 332 patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer were randomized by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lung Cancer Cooperative Group (EORTC) to receive one of two cisplatin (Platinol)-based chemotherapy regimens: Paclitaxel (Taxol) 175 mg/m2 given by 3-hour infusion followed by cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 1; Or cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 1, followed by teniposide (Vumon) 100 mg/m2 given on days 1, 3, and 5. Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks. Preliminary analysis of the results of this phase III trial shows that hematologic toxicity was decidedly more severe in the group treated with cisplatin/teniposide than in those given paclitaxel/cisplatin. Of 264 patients evaluable so far, responses have been observed in 47% of those given paclitaxel and in 29% of those treated with teniposide. However, extramural radiologic response evaluation is still under way, so these figures are expected to change somewhat. It appears clear that the paclitaxel-based therapy affords a benefit in terms of response and toxicity, but survival results are premature and any definite conclusions await final analysis.