Perceived uncertainty of outcome as a contributing factor in competitive state anxiety

Aust J Sci Med Sport. 1997 Jun;29(2):41-6.

Abstract

The Martens, Vealey, and Burton (1990) model of competitive anxiety contains perceived uncertainty, perceived importance, and competitive trait anxiety (A-trait) as key determinants affecting a person's perception of threat and competitive state anxiety (A-state). This experiment tested perceived uncertainty of outcome and A-trait influences on A-state. Club level golfers (N = 72) were assigned to either a low uncertainty condition (LU) or a high uncertainty (HU) condition. In this experiment participants were matched and competed for 12 golf balls in a modified chipping competition. Participants also completed the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory -2 and the Match Orientation Questionnaire (a measure of perceived uncertainty) prior to, and during breaks in the competition. Players alternated in taking four rounds of eight shots from a zone marked approximately 30 metres from the hole. A series of tests did not support the manipulation of uncertainty. This was probably due to likely losers and likely winners not experiencing similar levels of A-state, as Martens et al. assume. Recoding the uncertainty data to reflect levels of confidence, and entering confidence and A-trait into multiple regression equations resulted in these two variables accounting for between 15% and 23% of the A-state variance at different stages of the competition. Recommendations for future research, and possible revisions of the model in light of the present findings are discussed.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Anxiety / psychology*
  • Female
  • Golf / psychology*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Models, Psychological
  • Perception
  • Regression Analysis
  • Self Concept
  • Type A Personality*