Multicomponent vaccine prepared from opportunistic bacteria, when administered intranasally and orally to patients with bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis, was well tolerated by the patients. Side effects induced by the vaccine in a few patients lasted for a short time and were mainly local. Immunotherapy with the vaccine led to a decrease in the severity of the course of the disease, as well as in the frequency and severity of exacerbations. In 26 out of 35 adult patients (74.3%) good and excellent effect was noted; during the observation of 20 sick children aged up to 3 years for a period of 1 year similar effect was noted in 60% of cases. Vaccinal therapy, in addition to its main effect, also contributed to a considerable drop in the morbidity rate of acute respiratory diseases among susceptible children.