Pharmacological regulation of the peritoneal stomata was studied by using traditional Chinese medicine and a medical image processing system attached to SEM. The results showed that the numbers, diameters and distributive density of the peritoneal stomata were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the groups of white atractylodes rhizome and the pilose asiabell root. However, the effect of astraglus root was not obvious in comparison with the controls (P > 0.05). This was for the first time to show the regulation of the peritoneal stomata by using traditional Chinese medicines. According to the mechanism of the peritoneal stomata and ascites drainage, white atractylodes rhizome and pilose asiabell root may exert an important action on ascites treatment.