In the present study the bone mineral content (BMC) was measured with a single photoabsorptionmeter in 31 diabetic menopausal females and 45 normal menopausal females, simultaneously the serum level of estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), parathyroid hormon (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) were measured with radioimmunoassay. The results showed, BMC, E2 and CT in diabetic group were significantly lower than in the control group. The serum level of PTH in diabetic group was significantly higher than in the control group. The multiple regression-analysis showed that chiefly the level of E2 in the diabetic group was closely related with BMC. Serum E2 stimulate directly the osteoblasts for the bone reconstruction and increased the bone tissue sensibility to PTH. CT is the antagonistic hormone of PTH and protects the bone mineralization. Hyperglycemia may cause the damage of ovarium and decreased E2-secretion. The lowered E2 level results in combination with elevated PTH and lowered CT level in serum obviously, in loss of a large amount of bone mineral content and in developing the diabetic osteoporosis.