Endovascular treatment techniques have already replaced some vascular operations. The likelihood is that new endovascular techniques involving stents and stented grafts will replace additional vascular operations. All of these treatments involve the use of catheter-guidewire, balloon, and imaging modalities, particularly digital fluoroscopy. These modalities have already and will increasingly help to improve and simplify standard vascular operations such as thromboembolectomy, infrainguinal bypasses, and management of aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas. Accordingly, vascular surgeons must become familiar with and use these endovascular methods and techniques. This can be accomplished in a variety of ways, including working as part of a multidisciplinary vascular treatment group in which various specialists collaborate to provide the best, most cost-effective care to vascular disease patients.