In the present work the criteria to approach the study, the prophylaxis and the control of wildlife-related zoonoses are discussed, along with the role of veterinarians as responsible for wildlife and public health management. More in detail, the ecological method in approaching the study of wildlife infections is discussed, along with the relationships existing among hosts, parasites and the environment. Finally, the role of man as a host of zoonotic agents is discussed, and the basic principles of prophylaxis and control of infections caused by such agents are also considered.