Abstract
We have examined the expression of CDR1 (Candida drug resistance gene) in different stress conditions. There was a significant but transient enhancement of CDR1 expression associated with elevated temperatures. Most noteworthy transcriptional activation was observed with miconazole and vinblastine. Interestingly, beta-estradiol and progesterone were also able to enhance CDR1 expression. Elevated levels of CDR1 and CDR2 (a homologue of CDR1) mRNA were found in some azole-resistant clinical isolates of C. albicans. CaMDR1 (benomyl-resistant) expression, however, did not differ among all the resistant isolates. Our results confirm the existence of multiple mechanisms of azole resistance in C. albicans.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Antifungal Agents / pharmacology*
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Blotting, Northern
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Candida albicans / drug effects
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Candida albicans / genetics*
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Candida albicans / growth & development
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Drug Resistance, Microbial / genetics
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Drug Resistance, Multiple
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Estradiol / pharmacology
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Fungal Proteins / genetics*
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Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
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Genes, Fungal
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Genes, MDR*
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Gonadal Steroid Hormones / pharmacology*
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Heat-Shock Response*
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Humans
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Membrane Transport Proteins*
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Miconazole / pharmacology
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Progesterone / pharmacology
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Temperature
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Transcriptional Activation*
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Vinblastine / pharmacology
Substances
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Antifungal Agents
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CDR1 protein, Candida albicans
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Fungal Proteins
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Gonadal Steroid Hormones
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Membrane Transport Proteins
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Progesterone
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Estradiol
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Vinblastine
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Miconazole