Abstract
Periapical granulomas contain a large number of T lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages and a small number of B lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Sections from eight periapical granulomas were stained by a variety of immunohistochemical methods. The vascular endothelial cells stained positively for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Helper T cells were identified by immunostaining for CD4 and stained positively for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). However, CD4-positive T cells did not stain for interleukin-4 (IL-4). Monocytes/macrophages were identified by immunostaining for CD68 and stained positively for IL-1alpha or inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). IL-1beta could not be detected in the same samples. No cytokine expression was observed in B cells identified by immunostaining for CD20. IFN-gamma- and iNOS-positive cells could not be detected in clinically healthy periodontal ligament being used as a negative control. These results suggest that the IFN-gamma-producing T cells and iNOS-positive cells may modulate the progress of disease in local inflammation sites such as in periapical granulomas.
MeSH terms
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Adult
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Antigens, CD / analysis
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Antigens, CD20 / analysis
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Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / analysis
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B-Lymphocytes / enzymology
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B-Lymphocytes / immunology
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CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / enzymology
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CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
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Disease Progression
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Endothelium, Vascular / enzymology
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Endothelium, Vascular / immunology
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Endothelium, Vascular / pathology
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Female
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Humans
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Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / analysis
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Interferon-gamma / analysis
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Interferon-gamma / biosynthesis*
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Interleukin-1 / analysis
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Interleukin-4 / analysis
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Macrophages / enzymology
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Macrophages / immunology
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Monocytes / enzymology
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Monocytes / immunology
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Neutrophils / enzymology
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Neutrophils / immunology
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Nitric Oxide Synthase / analysis
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Nitric Oxide Synthase / biosynthesis*
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Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
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Periapical Granuloma / enzymology
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Periapical Granuloma / immunology
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Periapical Granuloma / pathology*
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Periodontal Ligament / enzymology
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Periodontal Ligament / immunology
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T-Lymphocytes / enzymology
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T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
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T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / enzymology
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T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / immunology
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Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / analysis
Substances
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Antigens, CD
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Antigens, CD20
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Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic
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CD68 antigen, human
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Interleukin-1
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Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
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Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
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Interleukin-4
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Interferon-gamma
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NOS2 protein, human
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Nitric Oxide Synthase
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Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II