Late outcome in 12 children treated by radical surgery for craniopharyngioma is presented. None of the patients presented underwent fractionated traditional or stereotactic radiotherapy. The results show no neurological (except visual dysfunction in 6 subjects), cognitive or short-term memory deficits. Three children were found to have a minor attention deficit. In 5 cases "frontal lobe" malfunctioning was disclosed, and in 5 there were bursts of unpredictable anger. Three children showed worsening of functioning at school: a combination of various causes is suggested to explain the worsening of academic performances. The size of the sample calls for a careful evaluation of results, with due consideration for the influence of various factors on outcome. Multicentre studies are required to increase the sample size and achieve more general conclusions.