G. Loeb. Journal of Physiology, 533 (1):
111?117(2001)
Abstract
The graceful control of multiarticulated limbs equipped with slow,
non-linear actuators (muscles) is a difficult problem for which robotic
engineering affords no general solution. The vertebrate spinal cord
provides an existence proof that such control is, indeed, possible.
The biological solution is complex and incompletely known, despite
a century of meticulous neurophysiological research, celebrated in
part by this symposium. This is frustrating for those who would reanimate
paralysed limbs either through promoting regeneration of the injured
spinal cord or by functional electrical stimulation. The importance
of and general role played by the spinal cord might be more easily
recognized by analogy to marionette puppets, another system in which
a brain (the puppeteer?s) must cope with a large number of partially
redundant actuators (strings) moving a mechanical linkage with complex
intrinsic properties.
Das spinal cord ist ziemlich undurchsichtig, kann aber helfen, die
Muskeln zu benutzen. Marionettenmetahpher: Spinalcord sind die Schnüre
und die Bedienelemente.
%0 Journal Article
%1 Loeb:2001
%A Loeb, Gerald E.
%D 2001
%J Journal of Physiology
%K FES cord, spinal
%N 1
%P 111?117
%T Learning from the spinal cord
%V 533
%X The graceful control of multiarticulated limbs equipped with slow,
non-linear actuators (muscles) is a difficult problem for which robotic
engineering affords no general solution. The vertebrate spinal cord
provides an existence proof that such control is, indeed, possible.
The biological solution is complex and incompletely known, despite
a century of meticulous neurophysiological research, celebrated in
part by this symposium. This is frustrating for those who would reanimate
paralysed limbs either through promoting regeneration of the injured
spinal cord or by functional electrical stimulation. The importance
of and general role played by the spinal cord might be more easily
recognized by analogy to marionette puppets, another system in which
a brain (the puppeteer?s) must cope with a large number of partially
redundant actuators (strings) moving a mechanical linkage with complex
intrinsic properties.
@article{Loeb:2001,
abstract = {The graceful control of multiarticulated limbs equipped with slow,
non-linear actuators (muscles) is a difficult problem for which robotic
engineering affords no general solution. The vertebrate spinal cord
provides an existence proof that such control is, indeed, possible.
The biological solution is complex and incompletely known, despite
a century of meticulous neurophysiological research, celebrated in
part by this symposium. This is frustrating for those who would reanimate
paralysed limbs either through promoting regeneration of the injured
spinal cord or by functional electrical stimulation. The importance
of and general role played by the spinal cord might be more easily
recognized by analogy to marionette puppets, another system in which
a brain (the puppeteer?s) must cope with a large number of partially
redundant actuators (strings) moving a mechanical linkage with complex
intrinsic properties.},
added-at = {2009-06-26T15:25:19.000+0200},
author = {Loeb, Gerald E.},
biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2460c325f946755058ea6f0fb7323a30c/butz},
comment = {Das spinal cord ist ziemlich undurchsichtig, kann aber helfen, die
Muskeln zu benutzen. Marionettenmetahpher: Spinalcord sind die Schnüre
und die Bedienelemente.},
description = {diverse cognitive systems bib},
interhash = {bd077af7c4ae7992401ec49bbbcf0b82},
intrahash = {460c325f946755058ea6f0fb7323a30c},
journal = {Journal of Physiology},
keywords = {FES cord, spinal},
number = 1,
owner = {martin},
pages = {111?117},
timestamp = {2009-06-26T15:25:45.000+0200},
title = {Learning from the spinal cord},
volume = 533,
year = 2001
}