Ukraine

Ukraine（烏克蘭）

Flag of Ukraine

Location of  Ukraine  (green)Claimed, but Russian controlled (light green)

Takaray Sowal:

Ukolan ( Ukolan sowal:Україна，Roma tilid:Ukrayina; Kuwaping sowal:烏克蘭), itiraay I Sakawalian Yuropa, I katimol misisilisay ato Kahetingay Riyar(Ikiris sowal: Black Sea), isalawali malafiyaway ato Rosiya, isaka;amis malafiyaw ato Pirasoriya, isa’etip malafiyaw ato Polan, Slofako, Siyongyali, Romaniya ato Mortofa a kitakit. O kahiceraan no Sa’etioay kitakit ato Rosiya , o kahiceraan heca no Tinsikyo ato Saka’etipay So’elinay Kiyokai a punka.Mido’edo’ay to Rosiya ko kakahad no kitakit, ira ko 603,700 km², o polong 4,117 ko tamdaw (caay ho kassa’osien kono Kolimoya Picihan Kanatal).

I saka 9 sici o tatapangan takay no Ukolan o Kiyif hananay ko pahiceraan, o litengan ho a Slaf Finacadan patireng to sa’ayaway a finacadan kitakit Kiyif-Rosu, away ko ikakaay ko ‘icel to no kitakit, tahira to i 12 sici matekop a malaklak.Nani sifo’an no 14 sici, madado’edo’ a makowan no Cincahan kitakit(Monko sowal:Алтан Орд，Altan Ord；Ikiris asowal:Kipchak Khanate; Kuwaping sowal:欽察汗國）,Polan Hontian kitakit, ato Litawan Sarawa’an kitakit(Latin sowal:Magnus Ducatus Lituania，Litawan sowal:Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė; Kuwaping sowal:立陶宛大公國）.[1]

I 1700~ 1721 miheca a Ni’amisan Lalood(Rosiya sowal:Северная война，Loytin sowal:Stora nordiska kriget),malowid no Rosiya ko Loytin, ikor to i, mapapecihpech no icowacowaay a kitakit ko Ukolan. I 19sici o Hontian Rosiya Kitakit ko mipolongay a mikowan to Ukolan, o ’osaw to a pala i, o Awsiyong Hontian Kitakit ko mikowanay. Itira to i Sakacecay Lalood no Hekal matatanga to Sapifelihaw to sifo a rawraw ko Rosiya, ora saka pacalcal a misiiked ko Ukolan.

I 1922 miheca o cecay no mikapotay a patireng to Solin ko Ukolan, i kaherekan no Sakatosa Lalood no Hekal, oya mikowanan no Polan a Saka’etioay Ukolan mapatateko i Sowiay Ukolan.

1945 miheca mikapot i Linhoko.[2] 1954 miheca oya kakeridan no Kiyosanto no Solin ci Ninita Helosyefo ko milengatay a mikerid to Sakakay

Ninita Helosyefo (Nikita Khruchchev )

no Solin, o pikining to Katateko’an no Rosiya ato Ukolan a romi’ad a mipecih a pafelien ko Ukolan to Kolimiya Pecihan Kanatal(Rosiya sowal:Кры́мский полуо́стров，Roma tilid: Krymskiy poluostrov; Kuwaping sowal:克里米亞半島)

I 1991 miheca yo matekop ko Solin i, alasiikeiked sa koya 15 a mikapotat to Solin a kitakit, itira to a misiiked ko Ukolan malasiikeday kitakit, mikapot a patireng to Siikeday Kitakit a Lekatep. Misiiked to ko Ukolan rocoken ningra ko paranaan no sofitay no itiyay ho no Solin, malamido’edo’an to Rosiya o sakatosa a ci’icelay a kitakit itini i Yoropa. I 2014 miheca ma’eco no Rosiya ko Kolimiya Pecihan Kanatal ora sa ka tangsolsol sa miliyas ko Ukolan to Siikeday Kitakit a Lekatep.

Yo misiiked ko Ukolan midemak to nipaliwalay to dafong a sapili’etan a kicay,caho ka citaneng to matiniay a cicay, orasaka 10 ko mihecaan ko kanglilos no ’orip no tamtamdaw.[3] Nikawrira, anini sato i, o sakatola a saadihayay ko nipasadakan a kakaenen i hekal.[4]

I 2022 miheca saka2 folad saka 21 romi;ad milekal ko Rosiya to pisiiked no isakawaliay no Ukolan a sakowan o misiikedan a kitakit ko nini saan toTonnicuko Kitakit（Rosiya sowal:Донецкая народная республика;Roma tilid:Donetskaya narodnaya respublika; Kuwaping sowal:頓內次克人民共和國）ato Rokanseko Kitakit(Rosiya sowal:Луганская народная республика，Roma a tilid:Lugansk narodnaya respublika; Kuwaping sowal:盧干斯克人民共和國). Tahira tona miheca saka 2 folad saka 24 romi’ad milood to ko Rosiya to Ukolan.

Tatapangan no ngangan(國名來源)

Itiya ho i 13sici, sahetoay to mi’aroan to no Konko tamdaw ko Ukolan, nikawrira, oya i la’edan no Ukolan ato Polan a Kalisiy Sawra’an Etal ato i sak’amisay no saka’etip no Ukolan a Wolonsi Sakowan cowa ka ’eco no Monko a tamdaw, ono tosa a Sakowan no Sawara’an itiraay i katimol no

So'elinay Kyokay (Christ Pantocrator mosaic from Hagia Sophia 2744 x 2900 pixels 3.1 MB)

aro’ ningra. O nanicowaay kona Ukolan a sowal awaay ko kacipinangan, nikawrira, ona Ukolan oni patatekoan a tosaay tilid, o 「U」sanay i, ono「no mita, no itiniay」sanay ko imi nira, o「kolan」sanay i, ono「no mita kitakit/o i salawacan a la’eday pala」sanay ko imi nonini, ’eminen a somowal i, o「I salawacanay a kitakit」sanay. Oya maro’ay itini a tamdaw o「Ukolan tamdaw」hananay to a mitahidang, o i「salawacanay tamdaw」ko pangangan, o nano ngangan no finacadan ko sapangangan to kitakit tora Ukolan.[5]

Rikisi(歷史)

O pikakinkiw no mikakarkaray to katelang nalacolan,ira makera ko i’ayaway no 2 ofad ~3 ofad a notelangan ho nikunisan i ’ongcoy a cuka.

O rikisi no Ukolan i, o Wiking tamdaw ko patirengay to Kifros i saka 9 sici, latek i 10 sici, o Sa’etipay Selafu Finacadan matateko mala To’asan Rosu Finacadan,patireng to Kifros Kitakit. Yo mikowan ci Sey Fracimil Swiyatoslawici(Rosiya sowal:Св.Влади́мир Святосла́вич; Kuwaling sowal:聖弗拉基米爾·斯維亞托斯拉維奇) o tadacomahaday a kitakit i hekal. Itiya a mipacomod to Saka’etipay So’elinay Kyokay, misanga’ heca to Rikec no Rosu. I saka 12 sici tahira i saka 14 sici,nani Tatapangan Tokay Kiyief matenak taraka’amis no saka’etip a pala, itira to a mala’afa’afas to hasakowan a pala, orasaka malaklak to koya finacadan to Rosiya tamdaw (Tata’angay Rosiya tamdaw), Ukola tamdaw(Mamangay Rosiya tamdaw) ato Kohecalay Rosiya tamdaw(Pirosiya).

Ingataay a mihecahecaan(近現代史)

I 13sici tahira i 14 sici mitoker to picowat no Monko tamdaw, Rerman tamdaw ato Torki tamdaw.Latek nani 14sici satapang a miliyas to katelang Kifros malacitekeday tono niyah a sowal, punka ato pinangan no ’orip, laheci malamisiikeday a finacadan. I 1569 miheca, komoden ni Lupolin ko Polan Hontian kitakit ato Litawan Sawara’an kitakit patireng to Polan-Litawan Matatekoay Kitakit. To ikor to pinapina so’ot a mihecaan o Mosko Sawara’an Kitakit ko mipatatekoay mapapolong to ka’amis no sakawaliay pala, mala Rosiya Hontian Kitakita(Safang).

Yiekacilina II (Catherine II by Alexey Antropov (18th c, Tver gallery))

O roma sato, o itiraay i katimol no saka’etip a pala o Polan-Litawan Matatekoay Kitakit ko mikowanay to aniniay Pirarosi ato aniniay Ukolan. Ano sahecien a somowal i, o aniniay a Ukolan itiraay i 17sici tahira i 14sici a malacecay a finacadan, italiyokan no Nipo’alo, o Kifu, Potawa ato Cinikof ko kahiceraan.

I 17sici, mapapolong ko Ukolan ato Sa’etipay So’elinay Kyokay mi toker to Tinsikyo no Polan a mafodfod. 1654 miheca, o kakeridan no Kosako no Ukolan ci Pokotan Hominiceci(Ukolan sowal: Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький;Polan sowal:Bohdan Zenobi Chmielnicki; Rosiya sowal:Богдан Хмельницкий; Kuwaping sowal:博格丹·赫梅利尼茨基) matatilid ato Honti no Rosiya(Safan) to『Piliyaslafu sakarihaday kakaketonan』(《佩列亞斯拉夫和約》), tahidangen ko Hongti no Rosiya a mikowan, nanoyanan sato matateko ko sawalian Ukolan(sakawilian lilis no Nipo’alo) ato Rosiya Hongtian Kitakit,malekatep to ko Ukolan ato Rosiya.

Yo mamalepon ko 18 sici, o fafahiyan hongti no Rosiya ci Yiekacilina II(Rosiya sowal: Екатерина Алексеевна; Ikiris sowal: Catherine II; Kuwaping sowal:葉卡捷琳娜二世·阿列克謝耶芙娜) ato hongti no Awtili, ato honti no Polusi malacafay kinatolo a mipech to Polan, onini ko polong sato ko Ukolan ato Pirasosu mapateko i Rosiya. Cowa konini aca koni patekoan, i 1783 miheca malowid nira ko Otoman-Torki hongtian kitakit,patateko han to ko malamicongacongay kitakit no Otoman-Torki hongtian Kolimiya kitakit, safeleng sato ko tamdaw no Rosiya a mafolaw tayra i Kolimiya Pecihan Kanatal.itini to i 1795 miheca a misatapang ko Rosiya micoroh a patenak to sowal no Rosiya i ’edef no Kolimiya Pecihan Kanatal, paci’ecien ko pikihatiya no Ukolan tamdaw to Rosiya a pinangan.

Pi'arawan Tilid(註釋)

[1] Ukraine :: History – Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Britannica.com. [2011-10-31]. （原始內容存檔於2014-10-14）.

[2] Activities of the Member States – Ukraine. United Nations. [2011-01-17]. （原始內容存檔於2011-05-03）.

[3] Macroeconomic Indicators. National Bank of Ukraine. [2007-12-16]. （原始內容存檔於2007-10-21）.

[4] Ukraine becomes world's third biggest grain exporter in 2011 – minister. Blackseagrain.net. [2012-08-25]. （原始內容存檔於2013-01-21）.

[5] З Енциклопедії Українознавства; Назва "Україна". Litopys.org.ua. [2011-10-31]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-11）.

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