مقدونيا (اليونان): الفرق بين النسختين

{{وضحعن|3=مقدونيا (توضيح)}}

'''مقدونيا''' منطقة جغرافية ومنطقة إدارية سابقة في [[اليونان]]، في جنوب [[البلقان]]. هي أكبر وثاني أكثر المناطق الجغرافية اليونانية سكانًا، وبلغ عدد سكانها 2.36 مليون نسمة في 2020. مقدونيا جبلية في معظمها، وتتركز أكثر مراكزها الحضرية الكبرى مثل [[سالونيك]] و[[كافالا]] على ساحلها الجنوبي. تشكّل مع [[تراقيا]]، وأحيانًا ثيساليا و[[إبيروس (منطقمنطقة)|إبيروس]] جزءًا من اليونان الشمالية. تضم مقدونيا اليونانية كامل الجزء الشمالي من منطقة مقدونيا الأكبر منها، مشكلة 51% من المساحة الكلية للمنطقة.<ref>Roy E. H. Mellor, ''Eastern Europe: A Geography of the Comecon Countries'', Macmillan International Higher Education, 1975, {{ردمك|1349155594}}, p. 62.</ref> بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تشكل جزءًا من حدود اليونان مع ثلاث دول: [[بلغاريا]] في الشمال الشرقي، و[[مقدونيا الشمالية]] في الشمال، و[[ألبانيا]] في الشمال الغربي.

| وصلةمسار = https://archive.org/details/companiontoancie0000unse

|مسار أرشيف= https://web.archive.org/web/20210826041448/https://archive.org/details/companiontoancie0000unse|تاريخ أرشيف=2021-08-26}}</ref> أُطلق اسم مقدونيا لاحقًا على عدد من المناطق الإدارية المختلفة جدًا في الإمبراطوريتين الرومانية والبيزنطية. مع الغزو التدريجي العثماني لجنوب شرق أوروبا في أواخر القرن الرابع عشر، اختفى اسم مقدونيا بصفتها دلالة إدارية لعدة قرون ونادرًا ما حُددت على الخرائط.<ref>"What is often overlooked is how Bulgarians and Greeks collaborated unknowingly from the middle decades of the 19th century onward in breathing new life into the geographical name Macedonia, which was all but forgotten during the Byzantine and Ottoman periods. In the late Ottoman period, ''Macedonia'' as such did not exist as an administrative unit in the empire... Greek nationalism, fixated on the continuity between ancient and modern Hellenes, was keen to project the name Macedonia as a way to assert the Greek historical character of the area. In 1845, for instance, the story of Alexander was published in a Slavo-Macedonian dialect scripted in Greek characters... For their part, Bulgarian nationalists readily accepted Macedonia as a regional denomination... Macedonia had become one of the ''historic'' Bulgarian lands... and ''Macedonian Bulgarian'' turned into a standard phrase." Dimitar Bechev, Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Scarecrow Press, 2009, {{ردمك|0810862956}}, Introduction, p. VII.</ref><ref>"In the early 19th c. the modern Greeks with their Western-derived obsession with antiquity played a crucial role in reviving the classical name 'Macedonia' in the popular consciousness of the Balkan peoples. For a thousand years before that the name 'Macedonia' had meant different things for Westerners and Balkan Christians: for Westerners it always denoted the territories of the ancient Macedonians, but for the Greeks and all other Balkan Christians the name 'Macedonia' – if at all used – covered the territories of the former Byzantine theme 'Macedonia', situated between Adrianople (Edrine) and the river Nestos (Mesta) in classical and present-day Thrace. The central and northern parts of present-day 'geographic Macedonia' were traditionally called either 'Bulgaria' and 'Lower Moesia', but within a generation after Greek independence (gained in 1830) these names were replaced by 'Macedonia' in the minds of both Greeks and non-Greeks." Drezov K. (1999) "Macedonian identity: an overview of the major claims". In: Pettifer J. (eds) ''The New Macedonian Question''. St Antony's Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London, {{ردمك|0230535798}}, pp. 50–51.</ref><ref>"In 1813 Macedonia did not exist. A century later, it had become a hotly contested nationalist cause, a battlefield, and an obsession. What led to this dramatic transformation was modernity: a chilly wind of West European provenance that propelled to the Balkans concepts that few in the region understood, wanted or cared about. Among these, the idea of nationalism was the most potent, and the most lethal. Before the 1850s, Macedonia was a poverty-stricken province of the Ottoman Empire, where an Orthodox Christian and mostly peasant population speaking a variety of Slavonic idioms, Greek, or Vlach, was trying to eke out a modest living, and protect it from rapacious brigands and a decaying Ottoman administrative system. Religion was the only collective identity that most of them could make sense of, for ethnicity and language played little role in shaping their loyalties. But the winds of change quickly gathered momentum, and eventually shattered that multi-ethnic community, producing a 'Greek', or a 'Bulgarian', out of a 'Christian'." D. Livanios' "review of Vemund Aarbakke, Ethnic Rivalry and the Quest for Macedonia, 1870–1913" in ''The Slavonic and East European Review'', Vol. 83, No. 1 (Jan. 2005), pp. 141–142</ref> مع صعود القومية في [[الدولة العثمانية|الإمبراطورية العثمانية]]، أُعيد إحياء اسم مقدونيا في القرن التاسع عشر مصطلحًا جغرافيًا، وفي نظر اليونانيين المتعلمين كان مناظرًا للأرض التاريخية القديمة.<ref>The ancient name "Macedonia" disappeared during the period of Ottoman rule and was only restored in the nineteenth century originally as geographical term. John Breuilly, ''The Oxford Handbook of the History of Nationalism'', Oxford University Press, 2013, {{ردمك|0199209197}}, p. 192.</ref><ref>The region was not called "Macedonia" by the Ottomans, and the name "Macedonia" gained currency together with the ascendance of rival nationalism. Victor Roudometof, ''Collective Memory, National Identity, and Ethnic Conflict: Greece, Bulgaria, and the Macedonian Question'', Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, {{ردمك|0275976483}}, p. 89.</ref><ref>The Greeks were among the first to define these lands since the beginning of the 19th century. For educated Greeks, Macedonia was the historical Greek land of kings Philip and Alexander the Great. John S. Koliopoulos, Thanos M. Veremis, ''Modern Greece: A History since 1821. A New History of Modern Europe'', John Wiley & Sons, 2009, {{ردمك|1444314831}}, p. 48.</ref> تزامن الارتقاء الاقتصادي لسالونيك وغيرها من المراكز الحضرية في مقدونيا مع النهضة الثقافية والسياسية لليونانيين. كان قائد الثورة اليونانية ومنسقها في مقدونيا إيمانويل باباس من دوفيستا (في سيرس)، وامتدت الثورة من وسط مقدونيا إلى غربها. تُظهر رسائل من تلك الفترة باباس إما يُخاطَب أو يوقّع بصفة «قائد مقدونيا وحاميها» ويُعتبر اليوم بطلًا يونانيًا إلى جانب المقدونيين المجهولين الين قاتلوا معه.<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب

}}</ref><ref>{{استشهاد|الأول=Robert|الأخير=Beekes|وصلة مؤلف-وصلة=Pre-Greek substrate|عنوان=Etymological Dictionary of Greek|المجلد=II|صفحة=894|ناشر=Brill|سنة=2010|مكان=Leiden, Boston}}</ref>

== المراجع ={|=

{{شريط بوابات|اليونان|أوروبا|الاتحاد الأوروبي|اليونان|اليونان القديم}}