بیتکی اوچون قایناغا باخین

{{Short description|Kingdom of mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Plants
| fossil_range = {{Long fossil range|Mesoproterozoic|present}}
| image = Diversity of plants image version 5.png
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| taxon = Plantae
| authority = ''sensu'' Copeland, 1956
| display_parents = 3
| subdivision_ranks = Superdivisions
| subdivision =
* [[Chlorokybophyta]]
* [[Mesostigmatophyta]]
* [[Spirotaenia]]
* '''Chlorobionta''' <small>Kenrick & Crane 1997</small>
** [[Chlorophyta]]
* '''[[Streptobionta]]''' <small>Kenrick & Crane 1997</small>
** [[Klebsormidiophyceae]]
** [[Charophyta]] (stoneworts)
** [[Chaetosphaeridiales]]
** [[Coleochaetophyta]]
** [[Zygnematophyta]]
** [[Embryophyta]] <small>Engler, 1892</small> (land plants)
*** [[Marchantiophyta]] (liverworts)
*** [[Moss|Bryophyta]] (mosses)
*** [[Anthocerotophyta]] (hornworts)
*** †[[Horneophyta]]
*** †[[Aglaophyta]]
*** [[Tracheophyta]] (vascular plants)
| synonyms = * [[Viridiplantae]] <small>Cavalier-Smith 1981</small><ref name=CavalierSmith1981>{{cite journal |first=T. |last=Cavalier-Smith|year=1981|title=Eukaryote kingdoms: Seven or nine?|journal=BioSystems|volume=14|issue=3–4|pages=461–481|doi=10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2|pmid=7337818}}</ref>
* Chlorobionta <small>Jeffrey 1982, emend. Bremer 1985, emend. Lewis and McCourt 2004</small><ref name=LewisMcCourt>{{cite journal|last1=Lewis|first1=L.A.|first2=R.M.|last2=McCourt|year=2004|title=Green algae and the origin of land plants|journal=American Journal of Botany|volume=91|issue=10|pages=1535–1556|doi=10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535|pmid=21652308}}</ref>
* Chlorobiota <small>Kenrick and Crane 1997</small><ref name=KenrickCrane1997>{{cite book |last1=Kenrick|first1=Paul|last2=Crane|first2=Peter R.|date=1997|title=The origin and early diversification of land plants: A cladistic study|url=https://archive.org/details/originearlydiver0000kenr|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|isbn=978-1-56098-730-7}}</ref>
* Chloroplastida <small>Adl et al., 2005 </small><ref name=Adl>{{cite journal|authors=Adl, S.M.|year=2005|title=The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists|journal=The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology|volume= 52| issue=5|pages=399–451|doi=10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x |display-authors=etal|pmid=16248873|s2cid=8060916|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* Phyta <small>Barkley 1939</small> emend. <small>Holt & Uidica 2007</small>
* Cormophyta <small>Endlicher, 1836</small>
* Cormobionta <small>Rothmaler, 1948</small>
* Euplanta <small>Barkley, 1949</small>
* Telomobionta <small>Takhtajan, 1964</small>
* Embryobionta <small>Cronquist et al., 1966</small>
* متافیتا <small>ویتاکر، ۱۹۶۹</small>
}}


'''بیتکی‌''' یا دا '''بیتگی''' — [[آغاج]]، [[اوت|اوْت]] و [[چیچک]] کیمی [[توپراق|توْپراغا]]<nowiki/> کؤک سالاراق یئتیشن یارادیقلارا دئییلر. بیتکیلرله برابر بعضی [[تک سلوللو]]<nowiki/>لار [[فوتوسنتز]] قابیلیّتینه صاحیبدیرلر.


== قایناقلار ==
{{قایناق}}

== چوخ اوخو ==
'''عومومی:'''
* Evans, L.T. (1998). ''Feeding the Ten Billion – Plants and [[Population]] Growth''. [[Cambridge University Press]]. Paperback, 247 pages. {{ISBN|0-521-64685-5}}.
* Kenrick, Paul & Crane, Peter R. (1997). ''The Origin and Early Diversification of Land Plants: A Cladistic Study''. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. {{ISBN|1-56098-730-8}}.
* Raven, Peter H.; Evert, Ray F.; & Eichhorn, Susan E. (2005). ''Biology of Plants'' (7th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. {{ISBN|0-7167-1007-2}}.
* Taylor, Thomas N. & Taylor, Edith L. (1993). ''The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants''. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. {{ISBN|0-13-651589-4}}.
* {{cite journal |author= Trewavas A |year= 2003 |title= Aspects of Plant Intelligence |journal= Annals of Botany |volume= 92 |issue= 1 |pages= 1–20 |doi= 10.1093/aob/mcg101 |pmid=12740212 |pmc=4243628}}

'''نووعلارین تخمینلری و سایلاری:'''
* International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Species Survival Commission (2004). [[IUCN Red List]] [https://www.iucnredlist.org/ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species].
* {{cite journal |author= Prance G.T. |year= 2001 |title= Discovering the Plant World |journal= Taxon |volume= 50 |issue= 2, Golden Jubilee Part 4 |pages= 345–359 |doi=10.2307/1223885 |jstor=1223885}}

== ائشیک باغلانتیلار ==
{{Wikibooks|Dichotomous Key|Plantae}}
* {{cite journal |author1=Jones, T.M. |author2=Reid, C.S. |author3=Urbatsch, L.E. |title=Visual study of divisional Plantae |url=https://www.herbarium.lsu.edu/keys/aca/ |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224165428/http://www.herbarium.lsu.edu/keys/aca/ |url-status=dead }} (requires [[Microsoft Silverlight]])
* {{cite journal|author=Chaw, S.-M.|url=https://mbe.library.arizona.edu/data/1997/1401/7chaw.pdf|title=Molecular Phylogeny of Extant Gymnosperms and Seed Plant Evolution: Analysis of Nuclear 18s rRNA Sequences|journal=Mol. Biol. Evol.|volume=14|issue=1|pages=56–68|year=1997|pmid=9000754|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025702|display-authors=etal|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050124004310/https://mbe.library.arizona.edu/data/1997/1401/7chaw.pdf|archive-date=24 January 2005|doi-access=free}}
* [https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/INA.html Index Nominum Algarum]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060210225113/https://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/phylogeny/cronq88.html Interactive Cronquist classification]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100611054707/https://www.prota.org/uk/about+prota/ Plant Resources of Tropical Africa]
* [https://tolweb.org/Green_plants Tree of Life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309093200/http://tolweb.org/Green_plants |date=9 March 2022 }}

;گیاه‌شناسی و بیتکی اؤرتویو دیتابیسی
* [https://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/africa/recherche.php?langue=an African Plants Initiative database]
* [https://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/databases/ Australia]
* [https://www.chilebosque.cl/ Chilean plants at ''Chilebosque'']
* [https://www.efloras.org/index.aspx e-Floras (Flora of China, Flora of North America and others)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219200600/http://www.efloras.org/index.aspx |date=19 February 2022 }}
* [https://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/FE/fe.html Flora Europaea]
* [https://www.floraweb.de/ Flora of Central Europe] {{In lang|de}}
* [https://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1 Flora of North America] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219202016/http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1 |date=19 February 2022 }}
* [https://www.alpine-plants-jp.com/botanical_name/list_of_japanese_wild_plants_abelia_buxus.htm List of Japanese Wild Plants Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316094850/http://www.alpine-plants-jp.com/botanical_name/list_of_japanese_wild_plants_abelia_buxus.htm |date=16 March 2022 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070616151737/https://ntbg.org/plants/choose_a_plant.php Meet the Plants-National Tropical Botanical Garden]
* [https://www.wildflower.org/ Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center – Native Plant Information Network at University of Texas, Austin]
* [https://www.theplantlist.org/ The Plant List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225025925/http://www.theplantlist.org/ |date=25 February 2022 }}
* [https://plants.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture] not limited to continental US species

{{مین مقاله}}
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[[بؤلمه:بیتکی| ]]
[[Category:Kingdoms (biology)|Plants]]