United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service ISSN: 1995- 2004 Farms and Land in Farms 2023 Summary February 2024 Contents Farms and Land in Farms Highlights 4 Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size - United States: 2016- 2023 5 Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size by Economic Sales Class - United States: 2022-2023 5 Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size - States and United States: 2022-2023 6 Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size, $1,000-$9,999 - States and United States: 2022-2023 7 Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size, $10,000-$99,999 - States and United States: 2022-2023 8 Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size, $100,000-$249,999 - States and United States: 2022-2023 9 Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size, $250,000-$499,999 - States and United States: 2022-2023 10 Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size, $500,000-$999,999 - States and United States: 2022-2023 11 Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size, $1,000,000 or more - States and United States: 2022-2023 12 Statistical Methodology 13 Terms and Definitions 14 Farm Definition History 15 Information Contacts 16 Farms and Land in Farms Highlights The number of farms in the United States for 2023 is estimated at 1,894,950, down 5,700 farms from 2022. The number of farms decreased in all sales classes except the $1,000,000 or more sales class. In 2023, 48.3 percent of all farms had less than $10,000 in sales and 79.0 percent of all farms had less than $100,000 in sales. In 2023, 9.7 percent of all farms had sales of $500,000 or more. Total land in farms, at 878,560,000 acres, decreased 1,100,000 acres from 2022. The biggest change for 2023 is that producers in Sales Class $1,000,000 or more operated 14,160,000 more acres than in 2022. In 2023, 26.2 percent of all farmland was operated by farms with less than $100,000 in sales, while 49.8 percent of all farmland was operated by farms with sales of $500,000 or more. The average farm size for 2023 is 464 acres, up from 463 acres the previous year. Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size - United States: 2016-2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year : Number of farms : Land in farms : Average farm size ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number 1,000 acres acres : 2016 .................: 2,055,340 902,680 439 2017 .................: 2,042,000 900,370 441 2018 .................: 2,023,200 898,860 444 2019 .................: 2,007,600 894,930 446 2020 .................: 1,992,200 893,110 448 2021 .................: 1,959,550 888,800 454 2022 .................: 1,900,650 879,660 463 2023 .................: 1,894,950 878,560 464 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size by Economic Sales Class - United States: 2022-2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent of total : : :-------------------------------------------------------: : Economic sales class : Number of farms : Land in farms : Average farm size :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent percent percent acres acres : $1,000 - $9,999 .....: 48.3 48.3 8.7 8.5 83 82 $10,000 - $99,999 ...: 31.0 30.7 18.3 17.7 274 267 $100,000 - $249,999 .: 6.7 6.6 11.6 11.2 797 785 $250,000 - $499,999 .: 4.6 4.6 13.1 12.7 1,314 1,283 $500,000 - $999,999 .: 3.7 3.7 14.5 14.3 1,813 1,788 $1,000,000 or more ..: 5.7 6.0 33.9 35.5 2,753 2,723 : Total 1/ ............: 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 463 464 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Percent of total may not add to 100 due to rounding. Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size - States and United States: 2022-2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number of farms : Land in farms : Average farm size State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :------ number ----- -- 1,000 acres -- ---- acres ---- : Alabama ...........: 37,400 37,100 8,600 8,600 230 232 Alaska ............: 1,200 1,200 870 870 725 725 Arizona ...........: 16,700 16,400 25,500 25,000 1,527 1,524 Arkansas ..........: 37,800 37,400 13,700 13,700 362 366 California ........: 63,100 62,900 24,200 23,800 384 378 Colorado ..........: 36,100 35,900 30,200 30,000 837 836 Connecticut .......: 5,100 5,100 370 370 73 73 Delaware ..........: 2,150 2,150 520 520 242 242 Florida ...........: 44,700 44,400 9,700 9,700 217 218 Georgia ...........: 39,200 39,000 10,000 10,000 255 256 : Hawaii ............: 6,600 6,600 1,050 1,050 159 159 Idaho .............: 22,900 22,600 11,500 11,500 502 509 Illinois ..........: 71,100 70,700 26,300 26,300 370 372 Indiana ...........: 53,600 53,300 14,600 14,600 272 274 Iowa ..............: 86,900 86,800 30,000 30,000 345 346 Kansas ............: 55,700 55,500 44,800 44,800 804 807 Kentucky ..........: 69,400 69,100 12,400 12,400 179 179 Louisiana .........: 25,000 24,800 8,000 8,000 320 323 Maine .............: 7,000 7,000 1,200 1,200 171 171 Maryland ..........: 12,600 12,600 2,000 2,000 159 159 : Massachusetts .....: 7,100 7,100 470 470 66 66 Michigan ..........: 45,600 45,300 9,500 9,500 208 210 Minnesota .........: 65,500 65,300 25,400 25,400 388 389 Mississippi .......: 31,300 31,100 10,300 10,300 329 331 Missouri ..........: 87,900 87,600 27,000 27,000 307 308 Montana ...........: 24,300 24,300 57,600 57,600 2,370 2,370 Nebraska ..........: 44,500 44,400 44,000 44,000 989 991 Nevada ............: 3,100 3,100 5,900 5,900 1,903 1,903 New Hampshire .....: 3,950 3,950 420 420 106 106 New Jersey ........: 10,000 10,000 700 700 70 70 : New Mexico ........: 20,900 20,900 39,100 39,100 1,871 1,871 New York ..........: 30,700 30,700 6,500 6,500 212 212 North Carolina ....: 42,800 42,500 8,100 8,100 189 191 North Dakota ......: 25,100 24,800 38,500 38,500 1,534 1,552 Ohio ..............: 76,000 75,800 13,700 13,700 180 181 Oklahoma ..........: 70,300 70,300 32,900 32,900 468 468 Oregon ............: 35,500 35,500 15,300 15,300 431 431 Pennsylvania ......: 49,000 49,000 7,100 7,100 145 145 Rhode Island ......: 1,050 1,050 60 60 57 57 South Carolina ....: 22,600 22,600 4,600 4,600 204 204 : South Dakota ......: 28,300 28,300 42,300 42,300 1,495 1,495 Tennessee .........: 63,100 63,100 10,700 10,700 170 170 Texas .............: 231,000 231,000 125,000 125,000 541 541 Utah ..............: 17,400 17,400 10,500 10,500 603 603 Vermont ...........: 6,500 6,500 1,200 1,200 185 185 Virginia ..........: 39,000 39,000 7,300 7,300 187 187 Washington ........: 32,100 32,000 13,900 13,900 433 434 West Virginia .....: 22,800 22,800 3,500 3,500 154 154 Wisconsin .........: 58,500 58,500 13,800 13,800 236 236 Wyoming ...........: 10,500 10,500 28,800 28,800 2,743 2,743 : United States .....:1,900,650 1,894,950 879,660 878,560 463 464 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size by Economic Sales Class - States and United States: 2022-2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Economic sales class: $1,000-$9,999 :----------------------------------------------------------- : Number of farms : Land in farms : Average farm size State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- number ---- 1,000 acres --- acres --- : Alabama ...........: 20,100 19,800 2,300 2,300 114 116 Alaska ............: 630 620 230 230 365 371 Arizona ...........: 12,200 11,900 2,600 2,600 213 218 Arkansas ..........: 17,300 16,900 1,600 1,600 92 95 California ........: 22,100 22,000 1,150 1,150 52 52 Colorado ..........: 20,500 20,300 2,300 2,300 112 113 Connecticut .......: 3,100 3,100 100 100 32 32 Delaware ..........: 740 740 40 40 54 54 Florida ...........: 25,300 25,000 1,100 1,100 43 44 Georgia ...........: 20,800 20,600 2,300 2,300 111 112 : Hawaii ............: 3,600 3,600 60 60 17 17 Idaho .............: 12,400 12,200 700 700 56 57 Illinois ..........: 24,300 23,900 1,150 1,150 47 48 Indiana ...........: 22,800 22,500 940 940 41 42 Iowa ..............: 22,600 22,400 950 950 42 42 Kansas ............: 20,800 20,600 2,000 2,000 96 97 Kentucky ..........: 39,900 39,400 2,700 2,500 68 63 Louisiana .........: 13,200 13,200 930 930 70 70 Maine .............: 3,950 3,950 350 350 89 89 Maryland ..........: 6,700 6,700 300 300 45 45 : Massachusetts .....: 3,950 3,950 160 160 41 41 Michigan ..........: 22,600 22,600 1,000 1,000 44 44 Minnesota .........: 23,000 23,000 1,600 1,600 70 70 Mississippi .......: 16,900 16,900 2,200 2,200 130 130 Missouri ..........: 38,600 38,600 3,100 3,000 80 78 Montana ...........: 9,900 9,900 1,800 1,800 182 182 Nebraska ..........: 11,300 11,300 1,000 1,000 88 88 Nevada ............: 1,500 1,500 160 160 107 107 New Hampshire .....: 2,400 2,400 170 170 71 71 New Jersey ........: 6,300 6,300 160 160 25 25 : New Mexico ........: 13,600 13,600 4,500 4,300 331 316 New York ..........: 13,500 13,500 940 940 70 70 North Carolina ....: 23,400 23,400 1,350 1,350 58 58 North Dakota ......: 6,500 6,500 1,000 1,000 154 154 Ohio ..............: 35,900 35,900 1,600 1,600 45 45 Oklahoma ..........: 35,000 35,000 3,500 3,300 100 94 Oregon ............: 21,100 21,100 900 900 43 43 Pennsylvania ......: 22,000 22,000 1,300 1,300 59 59 Rhode Island ......: 560 560 20 10 36 18 South Carolina ....: 14,500 14,500 1,400 1,400 97 97 : South Dakota ......: 7,000 7,000 1,100 1,100 157 157 Tennessee .........: 38,700 38,700 2,600 2,500 67 65 Texas .............: 140,000 140,000 13,600 13,400 97 96 Utah ..............: 10,100 10,100 600 600 59 59 Vermont ...........: 3,300 3,300 300 300 91 91 Virginia ..........: 21,400 21,400 1,500 1,500 70 70 Washington ........: 17,900 17,800 800 800 45 45 West Virginia .....: 15,700 15,700 1,500 1,500 96 96 Wisconsin .........: 24,200 24,200 1,600 1,500 66 62 Wyoming ...........: 4,500 4,500 900 900 200 200 : United States .....: 918,330 914,620 76,160 75,050 83 82 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size by Economic Sales Class - States and United States: 2022-2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Economic sales class: $10,000-$99,999 :----------------------------------------------------------- : Number of farms : Land in farms : Average farm size State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- number ---- -- 1,000 acres -- ---- acres ---- : Alabama ...........: 12,300 12,100 2,950 2,700 240 223 Alaska ............: 440 450 370 370 841 822 Arizona ...........: 3,200 3,200 9,000 9,000 2,813 2,813 Arkansas ..........: 13,600 13,400 3,300 3,300 243 246 California ........: 20,400 20,000 3,600 3,000 176 150 Colorado ..........: 10,000 10,000 5,700 5,500 570 550 Connecticut .......: 1,500 1,500 100 100 67 67 Delaware ..........: 460 460 40 40 87 87 Florida ...........: 13,200 13,000 1,850 1,850 140 142 Georgia ...........: 11,600 11,400 2,500 2,500 216 219 : Hawaii ............: 2,400 2,400 160 160 67 67 Idaho .............: 5,800 5,600 1,400 1,400 241 250 Illinois ..........: 20,000 19,700 2,300 2,300 115 117 Indiana ...........: 15,700 15,400 1,400 1,400 89 91 Iowa ..............: 25,400 25,200 3,100 3,100 122 123 Kansas ............: 19,100 19,100 5,900 5,800 309 304 Kentucky ..........: 23,100 23,000 3,900 3,800 169 165 Louisiana .........: 8,300 8,100 1,750 1,750 211 216 Maine .............: 2,250 2,250 340 340 151 151 Maryland ..........: 3,500 3,500 400 400 114 114 : Massachusetts .....: 2,200 2,200 150 150 68 68 Michigan ..........: 13,300 13,000 1,400 1,200 105 92 Minnesota .........: 18,300 18,100 2,800 2,600 153 144 Mississippi .......: 10,000 9,800 2,800 2,600 280 265 Missouri ..........: 34,900 34,300 7,700 7,300 221 213 Montana ...........: 7,000 7,000 6,700 6,300 957 900 Nebraska ..........: 12,700 12,700 4,000 3,900 315 307 Nevada ............: 850 850 230 230 271 271 New Hampshire .....: 1,200 1,200 150 150 125 125 New Jersey ........: 2,450 2,450 140 140 57 57 : New Mexico ........: 5,300 5,300 8,100 7,600 1,528 1,434 New York ..........: 10,800 10,600 1,550 1,550 144 146 North Carolina ....: 11,400 11,100 1,450 1,450 127 131 North Dakota ......: 6,500 6,100 3,000 3,000 462 492 Ohio ..............: 24,600 24,400 2,500 2,500 102 102 Oklahoma ..........: 26,800 26,800 9,100 8,600 340 321 Oregon ............: 9,300 9,300 2,500 2,500 269 269 Pennsylvania ......: 15,700 15,400 1,900 1,800 121 117 Rhode Island ......: 350 350 20 20 57 57 South Carolina ....: 5,800 5,800 1,200 1,200 207 207 : South Dakota ......: 8,600 8,600 3,600 3,600 419 419 Tennessee .........: 20,000 19,900 3,500 3,500 175 176 Texas .............: 71,600 71,300 33,100 31,600 462 443 Utah ..............: 5,300 5,300 1,700 1,700 321 321 Vermont ...........: 2,100 2,100 300 300 143 143 Virginia ..........: 13,000 12,800 2,400 2,200 185 172 Washington ........: 8,200 8,200 1,900 1,900 232 232 West Virginia .....: 6,200 6,200 1,400 1,400 226 226 Wisconsin .........: 18,300 18,300 2,300 2,100 126 115 Wyoming ...........: 3,300 3,300 3,500 3,400 1,061 1,030 : United States .....: 588,300 582,510 161,150 155,300 274 267 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size by Economic Sales Class - States and United States: 2022-2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Economic sales class: $100,000-$249,999 :----------------------------------------------------------- : Number of farms : Land in farms : Average farm size State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- number ---- 1,000 acres ----- acres ---- : Alabama ...........: 1,150 1,150 670 670 583 583 Alaska ............: 60 60 90 90 1,500 1,500 Arizona ...........: 420 420 6,000 5,000 14,286 11,905 Arkansas ..........: 1,200 1,200 890 890 742 742 California ........: 5,900 5,600 2,500 2,000 424 357 Colorado ..........: 2,100 2,100 4,500 4,000 2,143 1,905 Connecticut .......: 200 (D) 30 (D) 150 (D) Delaware ..........: 120 120 20 20 167 167 Florida ...........: 2,200 2,300 980 980 445 426 Georgia ...........: 1,350 1,350 570 570 422 422 : Hawaii ............: 260 260 140 140 538 538 Idaho .............: 1,400 1,400 1,200 1,200 857 857 Illinois ..........: 8,000 7,500 1,900 1,900 238 253 Indiana ...........: 4,700 4,700 960 960 204 204 Iowa ..............: 11,200 10,800 2,500 2,500 223 231 Kansas ............: 5,600 5,400 5,100 4,600 911 852 Kentucky ..........: 2,450 2,450 960 960 392 392 Louisiana .........: 1,000 1,000 820 820 820 820 Maine .............: 370 370 90 90 243 243 Maryland ..........: 700 700 170 170 243 243 : Massachusetts .....: 440 (D) 40 (D) 91 (D) Michigan ..........: 3,200 3,200 850 850 266 266 Minnesota .........: 6,900 6,400 1,950 1,950 283 305 Mississippi .......: 800 800 470 470 588 588 Missouri ..........: 5,700 5,700 3,200 3,200 561 561 Montana ...........: 2,500 2,500 7,300 6,800 2,920 2,720 Nebraska ..........: 6,300 6,300 4,500 4,500 714 714 Nevada ............: 210 210 730 730 3,476 3,476 New Hampshire .....: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) New Jersey ........: 450 450 90 90 200 200 : New Mexico ........: 880 880 6,100 6,100 6,932 6,932 New York ..........: 2,600 2,600 660 660 254 254 North Carolina ....: 1,500 1,500 460 460 307 307 North Dakota ......: 2,800 2,700 3,000 3,000 1,071 1,111 Ohio ..............: 5,900 5,900 1,400 1,350 237 229 Oklahoma ..........: 4,100 4,100 5,600 5,600 1,366 1,366 Oregon ............: 1,800 1,800 1,700 1,700 944 944 Pennsylvania ......: 4,550 4,400 1,050 1,050 231 239 Rhode Island ......: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) South Carolina ....: 620 620 270 270 435 435 : South Dakota ......: 3,700 3,700 4,700 4,700 1,270 1,270 Tennessee .........: 1,600 1,600 780 780 488 488 Texas .............: 8,500 8,500 17,900 17,800 2,106 2,094 Utah ..............: 860 860 1,000 1,000 1,163 1,163 Vermont ...........: 470 470 100 100 213 213 Virginia ..........: 1,600 1,600 800 800 500 500 Washington ........: 1,600 1,600 1,250 1,250 781 781 West Virginia .....: 380 380 200 200 526 526 Wisconsin .........: 6,100 6,100 1,600 1,600 262 262 Wyoming ...........: 1,200 1,200 4,100 4,100 3,417 3,417 : Other States 1/ ...: 220 860 40 110 (X) (X) : United States .....: 127,860 125,810 101,930 98,780 797 785 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Includes data withheld above. Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size by Economic Sales Class - States and United States: 2022-2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Economic sales class: $250,000-$499,999 :----------------------------------------------------------- : Number of farms : Land in farms : Average farm size State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- number ---- -- 1,000 acres -- ----- acres ---- : Alabama ...........: 650 650 530 530 815 815 Alaska ............: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Arizona ...........: 240 240 2,100 2,100 8,750 8,750 Arkansas ..........: 850 850 830 830 976 976 California ........: 3,900 3,900 2,550 2,550 654 654 Colorado ..........: 1,500 1,500 5,200 4,900 3,467 3,267 Connecticut .......: 130 (D) 20 (D) 154 (D) Delaware ..........: 90 90 30 30 333 333 Florida ...........: 1,350 1,350 1,300 1,300 963 963 Georgia ...........: 1,050 1,050 680 680 648 648 : Hawaii ............: 150 150 110 110 733 733 Idaho .............: 1,150 1,150 1,500 1,500 1,304 1,304 Illinois ..........: 7,000 7,000 3,400 3,100 486 443 Indiana ...........: 3,400 3,400 1,300 1,000 382 294 Iowa ..............: 9,400 9,400 3,850 3,550 410 378 Kansas ............: 3,750 3,750 6,500 6,400 1,733 1,707 Kentucky ..........: 1,200 1,200 700 700 583 583 Louisiana .........: 550 550 670 670 1,218 1,218 Maine .............: 160 160 50 50 313 313 Maryland ..........: 420 420 170 170 405 405 : Massachusetts .....: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Michigan ..........: 2,400 2,400 1,100 1,000 458 417 Minnesota .........: 5,500 5,300 2,550 2,250 464 425 Mississippi .......: 550 550 500 500 909 909 Missouri ..........: 3,000 3,000 2,550 2,350 850 783 Montana ...........: 2,200 2,200 12,500 12,000 5,682 5,455 Nebraska ..........: 4,600 4,500 6,800 6,300 1,478 1,400 Nevada ............: 240 240 990 990 4,125 4,125 New Hampshire .....: 90 (D) 20 (D) 222 (D) New Jersey ........: 260 240 70 70 269 292 : New Mexico ........: 460 460 6,600 6,600 14,348 14,348 New York ..........: 1,550 1,550 580 580 374 374 North Carolina ....: 1,150 1,150 520 520 452 452 North Dakota ......: 2,700 2,600 4,900 4,800 1,815 1,846 Ohio ..............: 3,600 3,600 1,500 1,550 417 431 Oklahoma ..........: 1,800 1,800 4,700 4,700 2,611 2,611 Oregon ............: 1,150 1,150 2,100 2,000 1,826 1,739 Pennsylvania ......: 2,950 2,900 830 830 281 286 Rhode Island ......: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) South Carolina ....: 370 370 230 230 622 622 : South Dakota ......: 3,400 3,400 7,200 6,700 2,118 1,971 Tennessee .........: 870 870 580 580 667 667 Texas .............: 3,750 3,750 16,700 16,900 4,453 4,507 Utah ..............: 450 450 1,000 1,000 2,222 2,222 Vermont ...........: 290 290 120 120 414 414 Virginia ..........: 890 890 600 600 674 674 Washington ........: 1,250 1,250 1,650 1,650 1,320 1,320 West Virginia .....: 150 150 100 100 667 667 Wisconsin .........: 4,200 4,200 1,700 1,700 405 405 Wyoming ...........: 720 720 5,000 5,000 6,944 6,944 : Other States 1/ ...: 320 540 180 220 (X) (X) : United States .....: 87,800 87,330 115,360 112,010 1,314 1,283 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Includes data withheld above. Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size by Economic Sales Class - States and United States: 2022-2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Economic sales class: $500,000-$999,999 :----------------------------------------------------------- : Number of farms : Land in farms : Average farm size State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- number ---- -- 1,000 acres -- ----- acres ---- : Alabama ...........: 900 900 600 600 667 667 Alaska ............: 20 (D) 30 (D) 1,500 (D) Arizona ...........: 200 200 800 800 4,000 4,000 Arkansas ..........: 1,000 1,000 880 880 880 880 California ........: 3,100 3,100 2,400 2,400 774 774 Colorado ..........: 900 900 5,000 5,000 5,556 5,556 Connecticut .......: 70 (D) 20 (D) 286 (D) Delaware ..........: 170 170 90 90 529 529 Florida ...........: 1,000 1,000 770 770 770 770 Georgia ...........: 1,250 1,250 850 850 680 680 : Hawaii ............: 80 80 170 170 2,125 2,125 Idaho .............: 800 800 1,400 1,200 1,750 1,500 Illinois ..........: 5,200 5,200 3,950 3,550 760 683 Indiana ...........: 2,700 2,700 1,900 1,700 704 630 Iowa ..............: 8,200 8,200 5,600 5,300 683 646 Kansas ............: 3,150 3,150 9,000 8,800 2,857 2,794 Kentucky ..........: 1,000 1,000 840 840 840 840 Louisiana .........: 650 650 930 930 1,431 1,431 Maine .............: 110 110 60 60 545 545 Maryland ..........: 450 450 260 260 578 578 : Massachusetts .....: 150 (D) 30 (D) 200 (D) Michigan ..........: 1,600 1,600 1,200 1,100 750 688 Minnesota .........: 4,600 4,500 3,600 3,600 783 800 Mississippi .......: 750 750 730 730 973 973 Missouri ..........: 2,200 2,200 2,950 2,950 1,341 1,341 Montana ...........: 1,600 1,600 12,700 12,500 7,938 7,813 Nebraska ..........: 4,300 4,300 8,400 8,400 1,953 1,953 Nevada ............: 130 130 740 740 5,692 5,692 New Hampshire .....: 60 (D) 20 (D) 333 (D) New Jersey ........: 220 220 70 70 318 318 : New Mexico ........: 290 290 6,200 6,200 21,379 21,379 New York ..........: 850 850 520 520 612 612 North Carolina ....: 1,200 1,200 820 820 683 683 North Dakota ......: 2,800 2,850 6,900 6,500 2,464 2,281 Ohio ..............: 2,600 2,600 1,800 1,700 692 654 Oklahoma ..........: 1,300 1,300 4,600 4,600 3,538 3,538 Oregon ............: 900 900 3,000 3,000 3,333 3,333 Pennsylvania ......: 1,600 1,600 620 620 388 388 Rhode Island ......: 20 (D) 10 (D) 500 (D) South Carolina ....: 310 310 350 350 1,129 1,129 : South Dakota ......: 2,700 2,700 8,700 8,700 3,222 3,222 Tennessee .........: 730 730 740 740 1,014 1,014 Texas .............: 2,850 2,850 16,100 16,500 5,649 5,789 Utah ..............: 320 320 1,000 1,000 3,125 3,125 Vermont ...........: 150 150 80 80 533 533 Virginia ..........: 810 810 600 600 741 741 Washington ........: 1,100 1,100 1,800 1,800 1,636 1,636 West Virginia .....: 150 150 100 100 667 667 Wisconsin .........: 2,450 2,450 1,600 1,500 653 612 Wyoming ...........: 440 440 5,600 5,600 12,727 12,727 : Other States 1/ ...: (X) 320 (X) 110 (X) (X) : United States .....: 70,130 70,080 127,130 125,330 1,813 1,788 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Includes data withheld above. Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size by Economic Sales Class - States and United States: 2022-2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Economic sales class: $1,000,000 or more :----------------------------------------------------------- : Number of farms : Land in farms : Average farm size State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- number ---- -- 1,000 acres -- ----- acres ---- : Alabama ...........: 2,300 2,500 1,550 1,800 674 720 Alaska ............: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Arizona ...........: 440 440 5,000 5,500 11,364 12,500 Arkansas ..........: 3,850 4,050 6,200 6,200 1,610 1,531 California ........: 7,700 8,300 12,000 12,700 1,558 1,530 Colorado ..........: 1,100 1,100 7,500 8,300 6,818 7,545 Connecticut .......: 100 100 100 100 1,000 1,000 Delaware ..........: 570 570 300 300 526 526 Florida ...........: 1,650 1,750 3,700 3,700 2,242 2,114 Georgia ...........: 3,150 3,350 3,100 3,100 984 925 : Hawaii ............: 110 110 410 410 3,727 3,727 Idaho .............: 1,350 1,450 5,300 5,500 3,926 3,793 Illinois ..........: 6,600 7,400 13,600 14,300 2,061 1,932 Indiana ...........: 4,300 4,600 8,100 8,600 1,884 1,870 Iowa ..............: 10,100 10,800 14,000 14,600 1,386 1,352 Kansas ............: 3,300 3,500 16,300 17,200 4,939 4,914 Kentucky ..........: 1,750 2,050 3,300 3,600 1,886 1,756 Louisiana .........: 1,300 1,300 2,900 2,900 2,231 2,231 Maine .............: 160 160 310 310 1,938 1,938 Maryland ..........: 830 830 700 700 843 843 : Massachusetts .....: (D) 110 (D) 60 (D) 545 Michigan ..........: 2,500 2,500 3,950 4,350 1,580 1,740 Minnesota .........: 7,200 8,000 12,900 13,400 1,792 1,675 Mississippi .......: 2,300 2,300 3,600 3,800 1,565 1,652 Missouri ..........: 3,500 3,800 7,500 8,200 2,143 2,158 Montana ...........: 1,100 1,100 16,600 18,200 15,091 16,545 Nebraska ..........: 5,300 5,300 19,300 19,900 3,642 3,755 Nevada ............: 170 170 3,050 3,050 17,941 17,941 New Hampshire .....: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) New Jersey ........: 320 340 170 170 531 500 : New Mexico ........: 370 370 7,600 8,300 20,541 22,432 New York ..........: 1,400 1,600 2,250 2,250 1,607 1,406 North Carolina ....: 4,150 4,150 3,500 3,500 843 843 North Dakota ......: 3,800 4,050 19,700 20,200 5,184 4,988 Ohio ..............: 3,400 3,400 4,900 5,000 1,441 1,471 Oklahoma ..........: 1,300 1,300 5,400 6,100 4,154 4,692 Oregon ............: 1,250 1,250 5,100 5,200 4,080 4,160 Pennsylvania ......: 2,200 2,700 1,400 1,500 636 556 Rhode Island ......: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) South Carolina ....: 1,000 1,000 1,150 1,150 1,150 1,150 : South Dakota ......: 2,900 2,900 17,000 17,500 5,862 6,034 Tennessee .........: 1,200 1,300 2,500 2,600 2,083 2,000 Texas .............: 4,300 4,600 27,600 28,800 6,419 6,261 Utah ..............: 370 370 5,200 5,200 14,054 14,054 Vermont ...........: 190 190 300 300 1,579 1,579 Virginia ..........: 1,300 1,500 1,400 1,600 1,077 1,067 Washington ........: 2,050 2,050 6,500 6,500 3,171 3,171 West Virginia .....: 220 220 200 200 909 909 Wisconsin .........: 3,250 3,250 5,000 5,400 1,538 1,662 Wyoming ...........: 340 340 9,700 9,800 28,529 28,824 : Other States 1/ ...: 190 80 90 40 (X) (X) : United States .....: 108,230 114,600 297,930 312,090 2,753 2,723 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Includes data withheld above. Statistical Methodology Procedures: Data are collected by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) during the June Agricultural Survey using sampling procedures to ensure every farm and ranch has a chance of being selected. NASS used a multiple sampling frame approach to count farms and measure land in farms. An Area Sampling Frame that divided all land into segments is built for every state except Alaska. A sample of segments was selected in each state except Alaska and Hawaii and enumerated in early June. Highly trained interviewers located each sampled segment and identified every farm and ranch operating land in the segment and the number of acres in each operation. These data are used to compute summaries of farm numbers and acres of land in farms. Additionally, all farms found in the segments were checked against a list of farms and ranches maintained by NASS to determine if the farm is on the list. Operations found in the Area Frame sample that were not on the list provided a measure of incompleteness of the list. The summarized totals for these non-overlap (or not-on-list) operations were combined with summarized totals collected from a sample selected from the list to calculate additional indications of farms and land in farms. In 2020, NASS implemented a statistical modeling approach to generate survey indications. This approach was in response to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on data collection processes and the suspension of in-person data collection. NASS has been doing everything possible to keep all parties involved safe and slow the spread of the virus while continuing to produce critical data about American agriculture. Estimation Procedures: Data are checked for reasonableness and consistency and summarized for each state. Field Offices perform a thorough review of their survey results and historical data relationships and recommend official estimates. Estimates were established under secure conditions to protect reports until they were publicly released at preannounced dates and times. Headquarters established national estimates and ensured that state estimates are in balance with the national numbers. Revision Policy: Estimates are subject to revision the following year and following review of the five-year Census of Agriculture. The basis for revision must be supported by additional data which directly affect the level of the estimate. Reliability: Two types of survey errors, sampling and non-sampling, are possible in the final estimates, and both can affect the quality of the estimates. Sampling error occurs because a complete census is not taken. The sampling error measures the variation in estimates from the average of all possible samples. An estimate of 100 with a sampling error of 1 would mean that chances are 19 out of 20 that the estimates from all possible samples averaged together would be between 98 and 102; which is the survey estimate, plus or minus two times the sampling error. The sampling error expressed as a percent of the estimate is called the coefficient of variation. In 2023, the coefficient of variation for the United States number of farms was 1.9 percent and land in farms 1.5 percent. The coefficients of variation by economic sales class ranged from 2.7 percent to 3.8 percent for number of farms and 3.8 to 7.3 percent for land in farms at the United States level. Non-sampling errors can occur in complete censuses as well as sample surveys. They are caused by the inability to obtain correct information from each person surveyed, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, and mistakes in coding or processing the data. Special efforts are taken at each step of the survey to minimize non-sampling errors. Terms and Definitions A farm is "any place from which $1,000 or more of agricultural products were produced and sold, or normally would have been sold, during the year." Government payments are included in sales. Ranches, institutional farms, experimental and research farms, and Indian Reservations are included as farms. Places with the entire acreage enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP), and other government conservation programs are counted as farms. The definition of a farm was first established in 1850 and has changed nine times since. The current definition was first used for the 1974 Census. Land in farms consists of agricultural land used for crops, pasture, or grazing. Also included is woodland and wasteland not actually under cultivation or used for pasture or grazing, provided it was part of the farm operator's total operation. Land in farms includes acres in CRP, WRP, and other government conservation programs. Land in farms includes land owned and operated as well as land rented from others. Land used rent-free is included as land rented from others. All grazing land, except land used under government permits on a per-head basis, is included as land in farms provided it was part of a farm or ranch. Land under the exclusive use of a grazing association is reported by the grazing association and included as land in farms. All land in American Indian reservations used for growing crops or grazing livestock is included as land in farms. Land in reservations not reported by individual American Indians or non-Native Americans is reported in the name of the cooperative group that used the land. In many instances, the entire American Indian reservation is reported as one farm. Economic sales classes are based on the gross value of agricultural products sold. Government program payments are also included. Point Farms are places that did not have $1,000 of reported sales for the year, but had sufficient crops and livestock to normally have sales of $1,000 or more. Farm Definition History The definition of a farm has remained the same since 1974. Activities included as agriculture, however, have undergone modification in recent years. Beginning in 1995, operations having 5 or more horses or ponies and no other agricultural sales were counted as horse farms. An operation with 1 or more horses with agricultural sales of at least $1,000, qualified as a farm. Two industries, maple syrup and short rotation woody crop farms, were added beginning in 1997 as a result of the new North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). These changes were made to achieve comparability with the Census of Agriculture farm definition. All the changes in the farm definition beginning in 1995 were carried back to 1993 and included in the 1993-1998 estimates. These changes bring comparability between the Census of Agriculture data and the annually published NASS estimates. Because of these changes in the farm definition, the official estimates show a level difference in the number of farms between 1992 and 1993 in some states. To further align the counting of farms with the Census of Agriculture, places with 100 acres or more of pasture only in 2002 were included in farm and land in farm numbers. The handling of Indian reservation land was changed in 2002 to provide some accounting for individual farms. Minimum Criteria for "FARM" Definition, 1840 - Present and Enumeration of Apiaries and Fur Farms Year Acres in Value of Value of Sales Required Apiaries Place Agricultural of some and Fur Farms Products Agricultural Agricultural Enumerated (Produced) Products Operations 1974 - Present - - - - $1,000 or more - - - - 1959 Less than 10 - - $250 or more - - - - 10 or more - - $50 or more - - - - 1954 Less than 3 - - $150 or more - - - - 3 or more $150 or more - - - - - - 1950 Less than 3 - - $150 or more - - Apiaries 3 or more $150 or more - - - - Fur Farms 1935 - 1945 Less than 3 $250 or more - - - - Apiaries 3 or more - - - - X Fur Farms 1930 Less than 3 $250 or more - - - - Apiaries 3 or more - - - - X - - 1925 Less than 3 $250 or more - - - - - - 3 or more - - - - X - - 1910 - 1925 Less than 3 $250 or more - - - - Apiaries 3 or more - - - - X - - 1900 Less than 3 - - - - - - Apiaries 3 or more - - - - X - - 1870 - 1890 Less than 3 - - $500 or more - - Apiaries 3 or more - - - - X - - 1860 - - - - - - - - - - 1850 - - $100 or more - - - - Apiaries 1840 - - - - - - - - - - Historic Estimates: Final estimates of Farms and Land in Farms in earlier years are available in Statistical Bulletins No. 1049 for 2013-2017, No. 1030 for 2008-2012, No. 1018 for 2003-2007, No. 991 for 1998-2002, No. 955 for 1993-97, No. 895 for 1988-92, No. 792 for 1979-87, SpSy3 for 1975-80, No. 594 for 1969-75, No. 507 for 1959-70, No. 316 for number of farm estimates for 1910-59 and land in farms estimates for 1950-59. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E- mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov. Bryan Combs, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch............ (202) 720-6146 Bruce Boess, Head, Economics Section............................................. (202) 720-4447 Stephanie Brennan - Farm Production Expenditures.............................. (202) 690-0392 Doug Farmer - Chemical Use, Land Values....................................... (202) 690-3229 Zoe Johnson - Cash Receipts, Farm Production Expenditures..................... (202) 720-5446 Michael Mathison - Cash Rents, Farms, Land in Farms, Grazing Fees............. (202) 720-3243 Ralph Mondesir - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes.. (202) 221-9297 Scott Peterson - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes.. (360) 890-3261 Max Reason - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes...... (202) 720-8844 Theresa Varner - Farm Labor................................................... (202) 690-3231 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS's and other agency's archived reports. The new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. If you need instructions to set up an account or subscribe, they are located at: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist notifications@usda-esmis.library.cornell.edu in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@usda.gov. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) 690-7442 or email at program.intake@usda.gov.