United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service ISSN: 1949- 162X Small Grains 2020 Summary September 2020 All wheat production totaled 1.83 billion bushels in 2020, down 5 percent from the revised 2019 total of 1.93 billion bushels. Area harvested for grain totaled 36.7 million acres, down 2 percent from the previous year. The United States yield was estimated at 49.7 bushels per acre, down 2.0 bushels from the previous year. The levels of production and changes from 2019 by type were: winter wheat, 1.17 billion bushels, down 11 percent; other spring wheat, 586 million bushels, up 4 percent; and Durum wheat, 68.8 million bushels, up 28 percent. Oat production was estimated at 65.4 million bushels, up 23 percent from 2019. Yield was estimated at 65.1 bushels per acre, up 0.8 bushel from the previous year. Harvested area, at 1.00 million acres, was 21 percent above last year. Barley production was estimated at 165 million bushels, down 4 percent from the revised 2019 total of 172 million bushels. The average yield, at 77.5 bushels per acre, was down 0.2 bushel from the previous year. Producers seeded 2.62 million acres in 2020, down 5 percent from 2019. Harvested area, at 2.13 million acres, was down 4 percent from 2019. This report was approved on September 30, 2020. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Robert Johansson Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Joseph L. Parsons Contents Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2018-2020........ 6 Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2018-2020..... 8 All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2018-2020.. 10 Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2018-2020........................................................................... 12 Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2018-2020........................................................................... 14 Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2018-2020........................................................................... 15 Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2018-2020............................................... 15 Winter Wheat Production Distribution by Class - States: 2019 and 2020.............................. 16 Other Spring Wheat (excluding Durum) Production Distribution by Class - States: 2019 and 2020...... 17 Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot - Selected States: 2016-2020.................................... 18 Rye Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2018-2020........ 19 Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2019-2020................................................................... 20 Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2019-2020........................................................................... 20 Crop Comments...................................................................................... 21 Statistical Methodology............................................................................ 25 Information Contacts............................................................................... 26 This page intentionally left blank. Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2018-2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama 2/ ........: 40 (NA) (NA) 15 (NA) (NA) Arkansas ..........: 10 5 8 7 3 5 California ........: 110 90 80 6 2 4 Colorado 2/ .......: 95 (NA) (NA) 7 (NA) (NA) Georgia ...........: 60 70 80 15 15 20 Idaho .............: 40 60 50 10 12 14 Illinois ..........: 40 70 60 25 10 15 Iowa ..............: 135 215 170 33 69 73 Kansas ............: 120 120 140 18 18 16 Maine .............: 21 22 26 19 19 22 : Michigan ..........: 75 70 70 50 25 30 Minnesota .........: 180 240 255 105 100 160 Missouri ..........: 35 50 35 16 6 10 Montana ...........: 70 75 70 23 26 38 Nebraska ..........: 125 120 135 22 18 29 New York ..........: 69 56 52 43 39 32 North Carolina ....: 30 22 37 11 7 12 North Dakota ......: 300 355 365 105 115 105 Ohio ..............: 55 75 55 30 25 15 Oklahoma ..........: 50 100 110 10 25 11 : Oregon ............: 20 20 20 5 9 7 Pennsylvania ......: 65 85 86 35 50 55 South Carolina 2/ .: 19 (NA) (NA) 7 (NA) (NA) South Dakota ......: 290 245 310 95 75 140 Texas .............: 450 400 470 50 40 60 Washington 2/ .....: 17 (NA) (NA) 4 (NA) (NA) Wisconsin .........: 200 265 300 90 120 131 Wyoming 2/ ........: 25 (NA) (NA) 9 (NA) (NA) : United States .....: 2,746 2,830 2,984 865 828 1,004 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2018-2020 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels ------- : Alabama 2/ ........: 63.0 (NA) (NA) 945 (NA) (NA) Arkansas ..........: 75.0 70.0 64.0 525 210 320 California ........: 70.0 60.0 75.0 420 120 300 Colorado 2/ .......: 50.0 (NA) (NA) 350 (NA) (NA) Georgia ...........: 71.0 55.0 54.0 1,065 825 1,080 Idaho .............: 84.0 92.0 102.0 840 1,104 1,428 Illinois ..........: 83.0 65.0 58.0 2,075 650 870 Iowa ..............: 63.0 58.0 78.0 2,079 4,002 5,694 Kansas ............: 49.0 64.0 52.0 882 1,152 832 Maine .............: 67.0 76.0 63.0 1,273 1,444 1,386 : Michigan ..........: 63.0 57.0 55.0 3,150 1,425 1,650 Minnesota .........: 59.0 62.0 66.0 6,195 6,200 10,560 Missouri ..........: 45.0 47.0 43.0 720 282 430 Montana ...........: 43.0 55.0 45.0 989 1,430 1,710 Nebraska ..........: 69.0 63.0 63.0 1,518 1,134 1,827 New York ..........: 54.0 60.0 53.0 2,322 2,340 1,696 North Carolina ....: 66.0 71.0 67.0 726 497 804 North Dakota ......: 82.0 86.0 78.0 8,610 9,890 8,190 Ohio ..............: 65.0 46.0 60.0 1,950 1,150 900 Oklahoma ..........: 48.0 50.0 45.0 480 1,250 495 : Oregon ............: 99.0 97.0 100.0 495 873 700 Pennsylvania ......: 46.0 53.0 50.0 1,610 2,650 2,750 South Carolina 2/ .: 62.0 (NA) (NA) 434 (NA) (NA) South Dakota ......: 82.0 82.0 77.0 7,790 6,150 10,780 Texas .............: 50.0 50.0 45.0 2,500 2,000 2,700 Washington 2/ .....: 46.0 (NA) (NA) 184 (NA) (NA) Wisconsin .........: 61.0 54.0 63.0 5,490 6,480 8,253 Wyoming 2/ ........: 57.0 (NA) (NA) 513 (NA) (NA) : United States .....: 64.9 64.3 65.1 56,130 53,258 65,355 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2019. Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2018-2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Alaska ...........: 5 6 6 4 5 5 Arizona ..........: 14 18 12 11 15 8 California .......: 65 65 55 26 47 31 Colorado .........: 60 54 53 53 52 45 Delaware .........: 25 21 21 14 14 15 Idaho ............: 550 550 530 530 530 500 Kansas ...........: 17 14 16 6 4 6 Maine ............: 17 15 15 16 14 14 Maryland .........: 45 32 34 24 17 21 Michigan .........: 20 11 11 5 8 8 : Minnesota ........: 80 70 70 67 55 50 Montana ..........: 790 950 890 600 760 725 New York .........: 10 10 9 8 4 5 North Carolina ...: 11 11 14 8 6 8 North Dakota .....: 470 580 530 385 445 460 Oregon ...........: 43 45 37 26 35 25 Pennsylvania .....: 45 35 45 33 25 30 South Dakota .....: 48 37 35 13 9 14 Utah .............: 21 18 17 16 11 10 Virginia .........: 30 30 31 9 7 7 : Washington .......: 85 95 90 67 84 71 Wisconsin ........: 25 24 26 10 8 13 Wyoming ..........: 72 81 74 51 66 62 : United States ....: 2,548 2,772 2,621 1,982 2,221 2,133 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2018-2020 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels -------- : Alaska ...........: 43.0 38.0 43.0 172 190 215 Arizona ..........: 100.0 126.0 122.0 1,100 1,890 976 California .......: 69.0 66.0 47.0 1,794 3,102 1,457 Colorado .........: 145.0 138.0 145.0 7,685 7,176 6,525 Delaware .........: 78.0 80.0 84.0 1,092 1,120 1,260 Idaho ............: 101.0 104.0 110.0 53,530 55,120 55,000 Kansas ...........: 31.0 33.0 51.0 186 132 306 Maine ............: 73.0 82.0 54.0 1,168 1,148 756 Maryland .........: 70.0 85.0 73.0 1,680 1,445 1,533 Michigan .........: 43.0 44.0 56.0 215 352 448 : Minnesota ........: 76.0 67.0 47.0 5,092 3,685 2,350 Montana ..........: 56.0 59.0 63.0 33,600 44,840 45,675 New York .........: 58.0 52.0 60.0 464 208 300 North Carolina ...: 80.0 66.0 77.0 640 396 616 North Dakota .....: 74.0 72.0 63.0 28,490 32,040 28,980 Oregon ...........: 53.0 78.0 72.0 1,378 2,730 1,800 Pennsylvania .....: 63.0 70.0 76.0 2,079 1,750 2,280 South Dakota .....: 55.0 43.0 44.0 715 387 616 Utah .............: 86.0 93.0 85.0 1,376 1,023 850 Virginia .........: 70.0 65.0 63.0 630 455 441 : Washington .......: 73.0 70.0 90.0 4,891 5,880 6,390 Wisconsin ........: 45.0 46.0 46.0 450 368 598 Wyoming ..........: 100.0 107.0 96.0 5,100 7,062 5,952 : United States ....: 77.5 77.7 77.5 153,527 172,499 165,324 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2018-2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama ...........: 160 130 135 110 85 70 Arizona ...........: 96 36 44 77 35 43 Arkansas ..........: 175 110 145 95 50 75 California ........: 425 420 385 147 122 100 Colorado ..........: 2,260 2,150 1,900 1,954 2,000 1,520 Delaware ..........: 75 60 75 45 50 55 Florida 2/ ........: 15 (NA) (NA) 10 (NA) (NA) Georgia ...........: 200 150 190 70 50 85 Idaho .............: 1,191 1,195 1,240 1,136 1,125 1,164 Illinois ..........: 600 650 570 560 550 520 : Indiana ...........: 310 330 300 260 260 250 Iowa 2/ ...........: 16 (NA) (NA) 6 (NA) (NA) Kansas ............: 7,700 7,100 6,600 7,300 6,700 6,250 Kentucky ..........: 450 460 510 300 330 340 Louisiana 2/ ......: 15 (NA) (NA) 10 (NA) (NA) Maryland ..........: 360 345 355 200 165 150 Michigan ..........: 510 550 490 470 490 450 Minnesota .........: 1,621 1,450 1,430 1,575 1,400 1,360 Mississippi .......: 55 45 40 30 21 20 Missouri ..........: 740 550 480 520 390 370 : Montana ...........: 5,390 5,450 5,540 5,165 5,135 5,455 Nebraska ..........: 1,100 1,070 900 1,010 970 830 Nevada 2/ .........: 23 (NA) (NA) 8 (NA) (NA) New Jersey ........: 18 19 25 15 14 18 New Mexico ........: 320 365 330 105 110 115 New York ..........: 110 90 150 95 66 120 North Carolina ....: 460 290 450 370 225 350 North Dakota ......: 7,735 7,505 6,650 7,635 6,630 6,568 Ohio ..............: 490 500 530 450 385 490 Oklahoma ..........: 4,400 4,200 4,250 2,500 2,750 2,600 : Oregon ............: 800 740 740 770 730 725 Pennsylvania ......: 195 180 235 145 140 190 South Carolina ....: 80 70 110 65 45 95 South Dakota ......: 1,883 1,500 1,400 1,628 1,360 1,360 Tennessee .........: 380 280 300 285 215 230 Texas .............: 4,500 4,600 4,900 1,750 2,100 2,050 Utah ..............: 130 125 110 103 116 98 Virginia ..........: 230 180 220 155 105 130 Washington ........: 2,220 2,270 2,340 2,165 2,215 2,285 West Virginia 2/ ..: 7 (NA) (NA) 3 (NA) (NA) Wisconsin .........: 240 195 160 200 150 125 Wyoming ...........: 130 125 120 115 110 90 : United States .....: 47,815 45,485 44,349 39,612 37,394 36,746 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2018-2020 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- --------- 1,000 bushels --------- : Alabama ...........: 72.0 72.0 72.0 7,920 6,120 5,040 Arizona ...........: 102.6 104.0 99.0 7,898 3,640 4,257 Arkansas ..........: 55.0 52.0 55.0 5,225 2,600 4,125 California ........: 81.5 59.4 77.4 11,985 7,244 7,740 Colorado ..........: 36.1 49.0 27.0 70,504 98,000 41,040 Delaware ..........: 71.0 72.0 73.0 3,195 3,600 4,015 Florida 2/ ........: 36.0 (NA) (NA) 360 (NA) (NA) Georgia ...........: 54.0 56.0 55.0 3,780 2,800 4,675 Idaho .............: 91.9 87.8 96.7 104,410 98,755 112,506 Illinois ..........: 66.0 67.0 68.0 36,960 36,850 35,360 : Indiana ...........: 71.0 62.0 70.0 18,460 16,120 17,500 Iowa 2/ ...........: 58.0 (NA) (NA) 348 (NA) (NA) Kansas ............: 38.0 52.0 45.0 277,400 348,400 281,250 Kentucky ..........: 66.0 76.0 63.0 19,800 25,080 21,420 Louisiana 2/ ......: 65.0 (NA) (NA) 650 (NA) (NA) Maryland ..........: 63.0 75.0 73.0 12,600 12,375 10,950 Michigan ..........: 76.0 71.0 75.0 35,720 34,790 33,750 Minnesota .........: 59.0 57.0 53.0 92,930 79,800 72,080 Mississippi .......: 49.0 47.0 48.0 1,470 987 960 Missouri ..........: 59.0 63.0 62.0 30,680 24,570 22,940 : Montana ...........: 38.3 42.4 41.7 197,630 217,725 227,345 Nebraska ..........: 49.0 57.0 41.0 49,490 55,290 34,030 Nevada 2/ .........: 112.5 (NA) (NA) 900 (NA) (NA) New Jersey ........: 62.0 66.0 67.0 930 924 1,206 New Mexico ........: 15.0 30.0 28.0 1,575 3,300 3,220 New York ..........: 69.0 63.0 66.0 6,555 4,158 7,920 North Carolina ....: 57.0 56.0 60.0 21,090 12,600 21,000 North Dakota ......: 47.6 48.4 47.6 363,483 321,185 312,782 Ohio ..............: 75.0 56.0 71.0 33,750 21,560 34,790 Oklahoma ..........: 28.0 40.0 40.0 70,000 110,000 104,000 : Oregon ............: 67.0 68.0 64.0 51,590 49,640 46,400 Pennsylvania ......: 65.0 73.0 71.0 9,425 10,220 13,490 South Carolina ....: 54.0 48.0 51.0 3,510 2,160 4,845 South Dakota ......: 44.4 48.1 51.9 72,294 65,410 70,520 Tennessee .........: 65.0 67.0 59.0 18,525 14,405 13,570 Texas .............: 32.0 34.0 30.0 56,000 71,400 61,500 Utah ..............: 52.0 54.0 53.0 5,356 6,264 5,194 Virginia ..........: 60.0 62.0 60.0 9,300 6,510 7,800 Washington ........: 70.8 64.7 72.5 153,210 143,205 165,635 West Virginia 2/ ..: 46.0 (NA) (NA) 138 (NA) (NA) Wisconsin .........: 71.0 64.0 69.0 14,200 9,600 8,625 Wyoming ...........: 34.0 43.0 26.0 3,910 4,730 2,340 : United States .....: 47.6 51.7 49.7 1,885,156 1,932,017 1,825,820 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2019. Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2018-2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama ...........: 160 130 135 110 85 70 Arizona 2/ ........: 22 (NA) (NA) 4 (NA) (NA) Arkansas ..........: 175 110 145 95 50 75 California ........: 380 390 355 110 100 80 Colorado ..........: 2,250 2,150 1,900 1,950 2,000 1,520 Delaware ..........: 75 60 75 45 50 55 Florida 2/ ........: 15 (NA) (NA) 10 (NA) (NA) Georgia ...........: 200 150 190 70 50 85 Idaho .............: 720 730 720 680 680 660 Illinois ..........: 600 650 570 560 550 520 : Indiana ...........: 310 330 300 260 260 250 Iowa 2/ ...........: 16 (NA) (NA) 6 (NA) (NA) Kansas ............: 7,700 7,100 6,600 7,300 6,700 6,250 Kentucky ..........: 450 460 510 300 330 340 Louisiana 2/ ......: 15 (NA) (NA) 10 (NA) (NA) Maryland ..........: 360 345 355 200 165 150 Michigan ..........: 510 550 490 470 490 450 Minnesota 2/ ......: 11 (NA) (NA) 5 (NA) (NA) Mississippi .......: 55 45 40 30 21 20 Missouri ..........: 740 550 480 520 390 370 : Montana ...........: 1,650 2,000 1,550 1,570 1,900 1,490 Nebraska ..........: 1,100 1,070 900 1,010 970 830 Nevada 2/ .........: 13 (NA) (NA) 5 (NA) (NA) New Jersey ........: 18 19 25 15 14 18 New Mexico ........: 320 365 330 105 110 115 New York ..........: 110 90 150 95 66 120 North Carolina ....: 460 290 450 370 225 350 North Dakota ......: 85 85 40 70 70 33 Ohio ..............: 490 500 530 450 385 490 Oklahoma ..........: 4,400 4,200 4,250 2,500 2,750 2,600 : Oregon ............: 720 740 740 695 730 725 Pennsylvania ......: 195 180 235 145 140 190 South Carolina ....: 80 70 110 65 45 95 South Dakota ......: 830 860 630 660 770 600 Tennessee .........: 380 280 300 285 215 230 Texas .............: 4,500 4,600 4,900 1,750 2,100 2,050 Utah ..............: 120 125 110 94 116 98 Virginia ..........: 230 180 220 155 105 130 Washington ........: 1,700 1,750 1,800 1,650 1,700 1,750 West Virginia 2/ ..: 7 (NA) (NA) 3 (NA) (NA) Wisconsin .........: 240 195 160 200 150 125 Wyoming ...........: 130 125 120 115 110 90 : United States .....: 32,542 31,474 30,415 24,742 24,592 23,024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Winter Wheat Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2018-2020 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- --------- 1,000 bushels --------- : Alabama ...........: 72.0 72.0 72.0 7,920 6,120 5,040 Arizona 2/ ........: 40.0 (NA) (NA) 160 (NA) (NA) Arkansas ..........: 55.0 52.0 55.0 5,225 2,600 4,125 California ........: 77.0 50.0 75.0 8,470 5,000 6,000 Colorado ..........: 36.0 49.0 27.0 70,200 98,000 41,040 Delaware ..........: 71.0 72.0 73.0 3,195 3,600 4,015 Florida 2/ ........: 36.0 (NA) (NA) 360 (NA) (NA) Georgia ...........: 54.0 56.0 55.0 3,780 2,800 4,675 Idaho .............: 90.0 87.0 101.0 61,200 59,160 66,660 Illinois ..........: 66.0 67.0 68.0 36,960 36,850 35,360 : Indiana ...........: 71.0 62.0 70.0 18,460 16,120 17,500 Iowa 2/ ...........: 58.0 (NA) (NA) 348 (NA) (NA) Kansas ............: 38.0 52.0 45.0 277,400 348,400 281,250 Kentucky ..........: 66.0 76.0 63.0 19,800 25,080 21,420 Louisiana 2/ ......: 65.0 (NA) (NA) 650 (NA) (NA) Maryland ..........: 63.0 75.0 73.0 12,600 12,375 10,950 Michigan ..........: 76.0 71.0 75.0 35,720 34,790 33,750 Minnesota 2/ ......: 60.0 (NA) (NA) 300 (NA) (NA) Mississippi .......: 49.0 47.0 48.0 1,470 987 960 Missouri ..........: 59.0 63.0 62.0 30,680 24,570 22,940 : Montana ...........: 50.0 50.0 51.0 78,500 95,000 75,990 Nebraska ..........: 49.0 57.0 41.0 49,490 55,290 34,030 Nevada 2/ .........: 120.0 (NA) (NA) 600 (NA) (NA) New Jersey ........: 62.0 66.0 67.0 930 924 1,206 New Mexico ........: 15.0 30.0 28.0 1,575 3,300 3,220 New York ..........: 69.0 63.0 66.0 6,555 4,158 7,920 North Carolina ....: 57.0 56.0 60.0 21,090 12,600 21,000 North Dakota ......: 43.0 53.0 49.0 3,010 3,710 1,617 Ohio ..............: 75.0 56.0 71.0 33,750 21,560 34,790 Oklahoma ..........: 28.0 40.0 40.0 70,000 110,000 104,000 : Oregon ............: 67.0 68.0 64.0 46,565 49,640 46,400 Pennsylvania ......: 65.0 73.0 71.0 9,425 10,220 13,490 South Carolina ....: 54.0 48.0 51.0 3,510 2,160 4,845 South Dakota ......: 48.0 52.0 58.0 31,680 40,040 34,800 Tennessee .........: 65.0 67.0 59.0 18,525 14,405 13,570 Texas .............: 32.0 34.0 30.0 56,000 71,400 61,500 Utah ..............: 52.0 54.0 53.0 4,888 6,264 5,194 Virginia ..........: 60.0 62.0 60.0 9,300 6,510 7,800 Washington ........: 76.0 70.0 76.0 125,400 119,000 133,000 West Virginia 2/ ..: 46.0 (NA) (NA) 138 (NA) (NA) Wisconsin .........: 71.0 64.0 69.0 14,200 9,600 8,625 Wyoming ...........: 34.0 43.0 26.0 3,910 4,730 2,340 : United States .....: 47.9 53.6 50.9 1,183,939 1,316,963 1,171,022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2019. Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2018-2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Colorado 1/ ..: 10 (NA) (NA) 4 (NA) (NA) Idaho ........: 460 460 510 445 440 495 Minnesota ....: 1,610 1,450 1,430 1,570 1,400 1,360 Montana ......: 2,900 2,900 3,300 2,820 2,730 3,280 Nevada 1/ ....: 10 (NA) (NA) 3 (NA) (NA) North Dakota .: 6,550 6,700 5,700 6,490 5,950 5,630 Oregon 1/ ....: 80 (NA) (NA) 75 (NA) (NA) South Dakota .: 1,050 640 770 965 590 760 Utah 1/ ......: 10 (NA) (NA) 9 (NA) (NA) Washington ...: 520 520 540 515 515 535 : United States : 13,200 12,670 12,250 12,896 11,625 12,060 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels -------- : Colorado 1/ ..: 76.0 (NA) (NA) 304 (NA) (NA) Idaho ........: 95.0 89.0 91.0 42,275 39,160 45,045 Minnesota ....: 59.0 57.0 53.0 92,630 79,800 72,080 Montana ......: 34.0 37.0 38.0 95,880 101,010 124,640 Nevada 1/ ....: 100.0 (NA) (NA) 300 (NA) (NA) North Dakota .: 49.0 49.0 49.0 318,010 291,550 275,870 Oregon 1/ ....: 67.0 (NA) (NA) 5,025 (NA) (NA) South Dakota .: 42.0 43.0 47.0 40,530 25,370 35,720 Utah 1/ ......: 52.0 (NA) (NA) 468 (NA) (NA) Washington ...: 54.0 47.0 61.0 27,810 24,205 32,635 : United States : 48.3 48.3 48.6 623,232 561,095 585,990 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2019. Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2018-2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Arizona .........: 74 36 44 73 35 43 California ......: 45 30 30 37 22 20 Idaho ...........: 11 5 10 11 5 9 Montana .........: 840 550 690 775 505 685 North Dakota ....: 1,100 720 910 1,075 610 905 South Dakota 1/ .: 3 (NA) (NA) 3 (NA) (NA) : United States ...: 2,073 1,341 1,684 1,974 1,177 1,662 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels ------- : Arizona .........: 106.0 104.0 99.0 7,738 3,640 4,257 California ......: 95.0 102.0 87.0 3,515 2,244 1,740 Idaho ...........: 85.0 87.0 89.0 935 435 801 Montana .........: 30.0 43.0 39.0 23,250 21,715 26,715 North Dakota ....: 39.5 42.5 39.0 42,463 25,925 35,295 South Dakota 1/ .: 28.0 (NA) (NA) 84 (NA) (NA) : United States ...: 39.5 45.8 41.4 77,985 53,959 68,808 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2019. Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2018-2020 [Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Crop : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 bushels : Winter : Hard red ......: 662,249 844,947 658,640 Soft red ......: 285,558 239,771 266,235 Hard white ....: 19,347 20,266 12,179 Soft white ....: 216,785 211,979 233,968 : Spring : Hard red ......: 587,007 519,929 530,152 Hard white ....: 13,510 11,841 10,687 Soft white ....: 22,715 29,325 45,151 Durum .........: 77,985 53,959 68,808 : Total ...... : 1,885,156 1,932,017 1,825,820 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wheat Class Percentage Estimates The following percentages are the basis for the United States wheat production by class estimates each year. These estimates are based on the latest varietal or class survey data available. These end-of-season percentages will be used during the 2021 forecast season. However, if an unusual situation significantly distorts a State's normal distribution, then updated percentages will be used to forecast the production by class. Winter Wheat Production Distribution by Class - States: 2019 and 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Hard red : Soft red : Hard white : Soft white :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Alabama ...........: 2 - 98 100 - - - - Arizona 1/ ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Arkansas ..........: - - 100 100 - - - - California ........: 88 90 - 1 7 4 5 5 Colorado ..........: 94 97 - - 6 3 - - Delaware ..........: - - 100 100 - - - - Florida 1/ ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Georgia ...........: - - 100 98 - - - 2 Idaho .............: 20 18 - - - 1 80 81 Illinois ..........: - - 100 100 - - - - : Indiana ...........: - - 100 100 - - - - Iowa 1/ ...........: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Kansas ............: 96 96 1 1 3 3 - - Kentucky ..........: - - 100 100 - - - - Louisiana 1/ ......: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Maryland ..........: - - 90 100 - - 10 - Michigan ..........: - - 61 62 - - 39 38 Minnesota 1/ ......: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mississippi .......: - - 100 100 - - - - Missouri ..........: 1 1 99 99 - - - - : Montana ...........: 100 100 - - - - - - Nebraska ..........: 94 96 - - 6 4 - - Nevada 1/ .........: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) New Jersey ........: - - 100 100 - - - - New Mexico ........: 100 99 - - - - - 1 New York ..........: 6 6 92 92 - - 2 2 North Carolina ....: - - 100 100 - - - - North Dakota ......: 100 99 - - - 1 - - Ohio ..............: - - 100 100 - - - - Oklahoma ..........: 99 99 1 1 - - - - : Oregon ............: 8 5 - - - - 92 95 Pennsylvania ......: - - 100 100 - - - - South Carolina ....: - - 100 100 - - - - South Dakota ......: 100 100 - - - - - - Tennessee .........: - - 100 100 - - - - Texas .............: 96 96 4 4 - - - - Utah ..............: 74 69 - - 2 3 24 28 Virginia ..........: - 1 100 99 - - - - Washington ........: 14 9 - - - - 86 91 West Virginia 1/ ..: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Wisconsin .........: 2 3 98 97 - - - - Wyoming ...........: 97 97 - - 3 3 - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2019. Other Spring Wheat (excluding Durum) Production Distribution by Class - States: 2019 and 2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hard red : Hard white : Soft white State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Colorado 1/ ...: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Idaho .........: 40 34 29 23 31 43 Minnesota .....: 100 100 - - - - Montana .......: 100 100 - - - - Nevada 1/ .....: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) North Dakota ..: 100 100 - - - - Oregon 1/ .....: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) South Dakota ..: 100 100 - - - - Utah 1/ .......: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Washington ....: 27 20 2 1 71 79 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2019. Winter Wheat Head Population The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in 10 winter wheat estimating States during 2020. Randomly selected plots in winter wheat fields were visited monthly from May through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey. Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot - Selected States: 2016-2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2016 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Colorado : July ................: 43.0 43.4 40.6 49.3 43.0 August ..............: 43.6 43.2 41.0 50.8 42.7 Final ...............: 43.6 43.2 41.0 50.8 42.7 : Illinois : July ................: 57.4 56.4 60.9 48.1 52.5 August ..............: 57.3 56.4 60.9 49.2 52.4 Final ...............: 57.3 56.4 60.9 49.2 52.4 : Kansas : July ................: 54.7 44.3 37.3 46.9 45.3 August ..............: 54.7 44.6 37.3 47.2 45.4 Final ...............: 54.7 44.6 37.3 47.2 45.4 : Missouri : July ................: 53.7 53.9 53.7 56.4 52.5 August ..............: 53.7 53.9 53.7 56.4 52.5 Final ...............: 53.7 53.9 53.7 56.4 52.5 : Montana : July ................: 54.6 44.4 44.1 45.2 37.4 August ..............: 55.2 46.2 44.8 43.5 38.8 Final ...............: 55.2 46.2 44.7 43.1 38.6 : Nebraska : July ................: 60.2 52.5 50.5 53.1 45.8 August ..............: 60.3 53.3 50.4 53.7 45.7 Final ...............: 60.3 53.3 50.4 53.7 45.7 : Ohio : July ................: 58.0 58.2 70.3 52.0 64.1 August ..............: 58.0 58.2 70.3 53.0 63.9 Final ...............: 58.0 58.2 70.3 53.0 63.9 : Oklahoma : July ................: 41.8 35.7 32.9 38.1 38.2 August ..............: 41.8 35.7 32.4 38.1 38.3 Final ...............: 41.8 35.7 32.4 38.1 38.3 : Texas : July ................: 34.4 26.6 30.9 34.3 32.7 August ..............: 34.4 26.8 30.9 34.3 32.7 Final ...............: 34.5 26.8 31.1 34.5 32.7 : Washington : July ................: 36.1 34.3 41.8 34.2 37.7 August ..............: 35.3 35.8 42.3 34.3 38.3 Final ...............: 35.5 35.7 42.3 34.6 38.2 : 10 State : July ................: 48.3 41.2 40.1 44.0 42.1 August ..............: 48.4 41.7 40.1 44.1 42.3 Final ...............: 48.4 41.7 40.2 44.2 42.3 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rye Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2018-2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Georgia 2/ .....: 190 (D) (D) 15 (D) (D) Minnesota ......: (D) 50 45 (D) 18 15 North Dakota ...: (D) 85 75 (D) 57 50 Oklahoma .......: 240 260 270 50 55 52 Pennsylvania ...: (D) 100 175 (D) 14 36 Wisconsin ......: (D) 220 215 (D) 20 20 : Other States 3/ : 1,581 1,140 1,175 208 146 157 : United States ..: 2,011 1,855 1,955 273 310 330 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------- bushels --------- ------- 1,000 bushels ------ : Georgia 2/ .....: 26.0 (D) (D) 390 (D) (D) Minnesota ......: (D) 39.0 38.0 (D) 702 570 North Dakota ...: (D) 45.0 44.0 (D) 2,565 2,200 Oklahoma .......: 22.0 27.0 14.0 1,100 1,485 728 Pennsylvania ...: (D) 26.0 52.0 (D) 364 1,872 Wisconsin ......: (D) 34.0 40.0 (D) 680 800 : Other States 3/ : 33.4 33.1 34.2 6,942 4,826 5,362 : United States ..: 30.9 34.3 34.9 8,432 10,622 11,532 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2/ Beginning in 2019, estimates included in Other States. 3/ In 2018, Other States include Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Virginia, and Wisconsin. In 2019 and 2020, Other States include Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, South Dakota, and Texas. Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2019-2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Barley .........: 2,772 2,621 2,221 2,133 Oats ...........: 2,830 2,984 828 1,004 Rye ............: 1,855 1,955 310 330 Wheat, all .....: 45,485 44,349 37,394 36,746 Winter ........: 31,474 30,415 24,592 23,024 Durum .........: 1,341 1,684 1,177 1,662 Other spring ..: 12,670 12,250 11,625 12,060 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- bushels ----- ----- 1,000 bushels ---- : Barley ........: 77.7 77.5 172,499 165,324 Oats ..........: 64.3 65.1 53,258 65,355 Rye ...........: 34.3 34.9 10,622 11,532 Wheat, all ....: 51.7 49.7 1,932,017 1,825,820 Winter .......: 53.6 50.9 1,316,963 1,171,022 Durum ........: 45.8 41.4 53,959 68,808 Other spring .: 48.3 48.6 561,095 585,990 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2019-2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Barley ........: 1,121,800 1,060,690 898,820 863,200 Oats ..........: 1,145,270 1,207,590 335,080 406,310 Rye ...........: 750,700 791,170 125,450 133,550 Wheat, all ....: 18,407,320 17,947,600 15,132,980 14,870,740 Winter .......: 12,737,210 12,308,650 9,952,140 9,317,580 Durum ........: 542,690 681,500 476,320 672,590 Other spring .: 5,127,420 4,957,450 4,704,520 4,880,560 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Barley ........: 4.18 4.17 3,755,720 3,599,510 Oats ..........: 2.31 2.33 773,040 948,630 Rye ...........: 2.15 2.19 269,810 292,930 Wheat, all ....: 3.47 3.34 52,580,890 49,690,680 Winter .......: 3.60 3.42 35,841,860 31,870,000 Durum ........: 3.08 2.78 1,468,520 1,872,650 Other spring .: 3.25 3.27 15,270,500 15,948,030 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop Comments Oats: Production in 2020 was estimated at 65.4 million bushels, up 23 percent from 2019. Yield was estimated at 65.1 bushels per acre, up 0.8 bushel from the previous year. Harvested area, at 1.00 million acres, was 21 percent above last year. Record low acres were harvested in Ohio. A record high yield was estimated in Idaho. Nationally, oat producers seeded 67 percent of the 2020 acreage by May 3, nineteen percentage points ahead of the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. Sixty-nine percent of the oat acreage had emerged by May 17, nineteen percentage points ahead of the previous year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Heading of the oat acreage advanced to 74 percent complete by June 28, twenty percentage points ahead of the previous year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Oat producers harvested 49 percent of the acreage by August 3, twenty percentage points ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. At that time, harvest progress was at or ahead of the 5-year average in 7 of the 9 weekly Crop Progress estimating States. Ninety-one percent of the Nation's oat acreage was harvested by August 31, ten percentage points ahead of the previous year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Barley: Production was estimated at 165 million bushels, down 4 percent from the revised 2019 total of 172 million bushels. The average yield, at 77.5 bushels per acre, was down 0.2 bushel from the previous year. Producers seeded 2.62 million acres in 2020, down 5 percent from 2019. Harvested area, at 2.13 million acres, was down 4 percent from 2019. Record high yields were estimated in Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New York, and Washington. Twelve percent of the Nation's barley acreage was planted by April 12, six percentage points ahead of the previous year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationwide, barley producers seeded 24 percent of the Nation's acreage by April 26, one percentage point behind the previous year and 12 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By April 26, emergence was evident in 8 percent of the Nation's barley acreage, 3 percentage points ahead of the previous year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationally, 93 percent of the barley acreage was sown by May 31, one percentage point ahead of the previous year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Seventy-four percent of the barley acreage emerged by May 31, six percentage points ahead of the previous year but 7 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Heading of the Nation's barley acreage advanced to 60 percent complete by July 5, twelve percentage points ahead of the previous year but 7 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By August 2, barley producers harvested 5 percent of the Nation's acreage, 2 percentage points ahead of the previous year but 7 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Overall, 79 percent of the barley acreage was reported in good to excellent condition on August 9, compared with 74 percent at the same time last year. By September 13, ninety-five percent of the barley acreage was harvested, 9 percentage points ahead of the previous year and one percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Winter wheat: Winter wheat production for 2020 totaled 1.17 billion bushels, down 11 percent from the revised 2019 total of 1.32 billion bushels. The United States yield, at 50.9 bushels per acre, was down 2.7 bushels from 2019. Area harvested for grain was estimated at a record low 23.0 million acres, down 6 percent from the previous year. A record low harvested acreage is estimated in California. Record high yields were estimated in Idaho, Montana, New Jersey, Oklahoma, and South Dakota for 2020. Compared with 2019, harvested acreage was down 11 percent in the major Hard Red Winter (HRW) growing States, the primary winter wheat-producing area. HRW production totaled 659 million bushels, down 22 percent from 2019. In the Soft Red Winter (SRW) growing area, planted and harvested acreage increased from 2019. SRW production totaled 266 million bushels, up 11 percent from 2019. White winter wheat production totaled 246 million bushels, up 6 percent from the previous year. Harvested acreage in the Pacific Northwest (Idaho, Oregon, and Washington) was up 1 percent from 2019. Yields were up in Idaho and Washington but down in Oklahoma compared with the previous year. Seeding of the 2020 winter wheat acreage began in mid-September 2019 with 8 percent sown by September 15. By October 6, producers had sown 52 percent of the intended 2020 winter wheat acreage, 3 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Nationwide, 26 percent of the winter wheat acreage was emerged by October 6, two percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Emergence was at or behind the 5-year average in 11 of the 18 estimating States. Producers had sown 85 percent of the intended 2020 winter wheat acreage by October 27, eight percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Winter wheat planting had double-digit advances in 7 of the 18 estimating States during the week. Nationwide, 63 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by October 27, one percentage point ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Emergence was at or behind the 5-year average in 11 of the 18 estimating States. Overall, 56 percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition based on conditions as of October 27, compared with 53 percent at the same time last year. Seeding of the 2020 acreage was nearing completion (95 percent) by November 17, three percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Winter wheat planting was complete or nearing completion in 13 of the 18 estimating States. Nationwide, 87 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by November 24, two percentage points ahead of last year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Winter wheat emergence advanced by 10 percentage points or more from the previous week in California and North Carolina. Overall, 52 percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition for the week ending November 24, unchanged from the previous week but 3 percentage points below the same time last year as the acreage was entering dormancy. As the acreage was emerging from dormancy, sixty-two percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 2 percentage points above last year as of April 5. In Kansas, the largest winter wheat-producing State, 49 percent of the winter wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition. By April 19, fourteen percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage was headed, 6 percentage points ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. On April 19, fifty-seven percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 5 percentage points behind both the previous week and last year. In Kansas, the largest winter wheat-producing State, 46 percent of the winter wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition. By May 3, thirty-two percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage was headed, 6 percentage points ahead of last year but 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On May 3, fifty-five percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 1 percentage point higher than the previous week but 9 percentage points below the same time last year. In Kansas, the largest winter wheat-producing State, 42 percent of the winter wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition. By May 31, seventy-seven percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage was headed, 4 percentage points ahead of last year but 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Three percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage was harvested by May 31, two percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. As of May 31, fifty-one percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 3 percentage points below the previous week and 13 percentage points below the same time last year. In Kansas, the largest winter wheat-producing State, 42 percent of the winter wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition. Forty-one percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage was harvested by June 28, fifteen percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. As of June 28, fifty-two percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, unchanged from the previous week but 11 percentage points below the same time last year. In Kansas, the largest winter wheat-producing State, 80 percent of the State's winter wheat acreage was harvested by July 5, twenty-eight percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Sixty-eight percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by July 12, fourteen percentage points ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. In Kansas, 95 percent of the State's winter wheat acreage was harvested by July 12, twenty percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Eighty-one percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by July 26, eight percentage points ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Winter wheat harvest progress continued with advances of 20 percentage points or more from the previous week reported in Michigan, Oregon, and South Dakota. Ninety-three percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by August 16, one percentage point ahead of last year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Winter wheat harvest progress was complete or nearing completion in all estimating States except Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington. Ninety-seven percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by August 23, two percentage points ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Winter wheat harvest progress was complete or nearing completion in all estimating States except Idaho, Montana, and Washington. Other spring wheat: Production for 2020 was estimated at 586 million bushels, up 4 percent from the revised 2019 total of 561 million bushels. Harvested area totaled 12.1 million acres, up 4 percent from 2019. The United States yield was estimated at a record high 48.6 bushels per acre, up 0.3 bushel from the previous record high of 48.3 bushels per acre in 2019. A record high yield was estimated in Montana and North Dakota for 2020. Of the total production, 530 million bushels were Hard Red Spring wheat, up 2 percent from the 2019 total. Seeding of the 2020 spring wheat acreage began in early April. Fourteen percent of the spring wheat acreage was seeded by April 26, three percentage points ahead of last year but 15 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of April 26, Washington and Idaho led the Nation in planting progress with 88 percent and 61 percent planted, respectively. By April 26, four percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had emerged, equal to the previous year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of May 10, forty-two percent of the spring wheat acreage was seeded, 4 percentage points ahead of last year but 21 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Washington and Idaho had the largest percentages of acres planted, with 96 percent and 92 percent planted, respectively. As of May 10, sixteen percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had emerged, 8 percentage points ahead of last year but 13 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of May 24, eighty-one percent of the spring wheat acreage was seeded, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but 9 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of May 24, fifty-one percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had emerged, 10 percentage points ahead of last year but 14 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of June 7, ninety-seven percent of the spring wheat acreage had been seeded, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of June 7, eighty-one percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had emerged, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but 10 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Eighty-two percent of the Nation's spring wheat was rated in good to excellent condition, 2 percentage points above the previous week and 1 percentage point above the same time last year. By June 21, twelve percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had reached the headed stage, 6 percentage points ahead of the previous year but 10 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Seventy-five percent of the Nation's spring wheat was rated in good to excellent condition, 6 percentage points below the previous week but equal to the same time last year. By July 5, sixty-three percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had reached the headed stage, 16 percentage points ahead of the previous year but 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Seventy percent of the Nation's spring wheat was rated in good to excellent condition, 1 percentage point above the previous week but 8 percentage points below the same time last year. By July 26, ninety-seven percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had reached the headed stage, 1 percentage point ahead of the previous year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By July 26, one percent of the spring wheat had been harvested, equal to the previous year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Seventy percent of the Nation's spring wheat was rated in good to excellent condition, 2 percentage points above the previous week but 3 percentage points below the same time last year. By August 9, fifteen percent of the spring wheat had been harvested, 9 percentage points ahead of last year but 10 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Harvest progress was behind the 5-year average in 5 of the 6 estimating States. Sixty-nine percent of the Nation's spring wheat was rated in good to excellent condition, 4 percentage points below the previous week but unchanged from the same time last year. By August 30, sixty-nine percent of the spring wheat had been harvested, 19 percentage points ahead of last year but 8 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Harvest progress advanced 20 percentage points or more in Idaho, Minnesota, and North Dakota. By September 6, eighty-two percent of the spring wheat was harvested, 16 percentage points ahead of last year but 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Harvest progress advanced 10 percentage points or more in 4 of the 6 estimating States during the week. Harvest of the 2020 acreage was 96 percent complete by September 20. Durum wheat: Production for 2020 was estimated at 68.8 million bushels, up 28 percent from the revised 2019 total of 54.0 million bushels. Area harvested for grain totaled 1.66 million acres, up 41 percent from the previous year. The United States yield was estimated at 41.4 bushels per acre, down 4.4 bushels from the 2019 yield. Record high yields were estimated in Idaho for 2020. Production in North Dakota, the largest Durum wheat-producing State, was up 36 percent from 2019. Increases in production are attributed to increases in harvested acres across the Nation. Harvest began in the two major Durum-wheat producing States of Montana and North Dakota in early August. Harvest was 80 percent complete in Montana and 86 percent complete in North Dakota by September 13. Rye: Production for 2020 was estimated at 11.5 million bushels, up 9 percent from the 2019 total. Harvested area totaled 330,000 acres, up 20,000 acres from 2019. The United States yield, at 34.9 bushels per acre, was up 0.6 bushel from the previous year. Statistical Methodology Survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted to gather information on small grain acreage, yield, and production. The objective yield survey was conducted in 10 States that accounted for 70 percent of the 2020 winter wheat production. Early in the growing season, farm operators were interviewed to seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. Throughout the growing season, counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were collected from these plots. The plots were revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads were clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator harvested the sample field, enumerators revisited the sample to collect data in order to measure harvesting loss. Data from operators was collected by mail, internet, telephone, or personal interview to obtain information on crop acreage, yield and production for the 2020 crop year. Approximately 62,500 producers were interviewed during the first two weeks of September and asked questions pertaining to planted and harvested area as well as yield and production. Estimating Procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared with previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits an estimate and written analysis for their State to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data, administrative data, and the State analysis to prepare the estimates published in this report. Revision Policy: Estimates contained in this report may be revised in the Crop Production Annual Summary report published in January should new information become available. Previous year acreage, yield, and production estimates can be revised in the Small Grain Summary published the following year, if new information is available that would justify a change. Estimates will also be reviewed after data for the 5-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date. Reliability: The surveys used to make the acreage, yield, and production estimates contained in this report are subject to sampling and non-sampling type errors that are common to all surveys. Reliability of the objective yield and farmer survey must be treated separately because the survey designs for the two surveys are different. The objective yield indications are subject to sampling variability because all acres of winter wheat are not included in the sample. The farm operator survey indications are also subject to sampling variability because all operations with small grains are not included in the sample. This variability, as measured by the relative standard error at the National level, is approximately 1.9 percent for winter wheat, 5.3 percent for Durum wheat, and 2.9 percent for other spring wheat. This means that chances are approximately 95 out of 100 that survey estimates for production will be within plus or minus 3.8 percent for winter wheat, 10.6 percent for Durum wheat, and 5.8 percent for other spring wheat of the value that could be developed by averaging the estimates produced from all possible samples selected from the same population and surveyed using the same procedures. The relative standard errors for barley, oats, and rye are 4.8, 4.4, and 13.0 percent, respectively. Survey indications are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omission, duplication, imputation for missing data, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. These errors cannot be measured directly, but they are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch................................................ (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop Weather (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Oats, Soybeans (202) 690-3234 David Colwell - Current Agricultural Industrial Reports (202) 720-8800 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum (202) 720-5944 James Johanson - Barley, County Estimates, Hay (202) 690-8533 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet (202) 720-9526 Jean Porter - Rye, Wheat (202) 720-8068 John Stephens - Peanuts, Rice.............................................. (202) 720-7688 Travis Thorson - Sunflower, Other Oilseeds................................. (202) 720-7369 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS's and other agency's archived reports. The new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. 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(Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) 690-7442 or email at program.intake@usda.gov.