United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service ISSN: 1949- 162X Small Grains 2021 Summary September 2021 All wheat production totaled 1.65 billion bushels in 2021, down 10 percent from the 2020 total of 1.83 billion bushels. Area harvested for grain totaled 37.2 million acres, up 1 percent from the previous year. The United States yield was estimated at 44.3 bushels per acre, down 5.4 bushels from the previous year. The levels of production and changes from 2020 by type were: winter wheat, 1.28 billion bushels, up 9 percent; other spring wheat, 331 million bushels, down 44 percent; and Durum wheat, 37.3 million bushels, down 46 percent. Oat production was estimated at a record low 39.8 million bushels, down 39 percent from 2020. Yield was estimated at 61.3 bushels per acre, down 3.8 bushels from the previous year. Harvested area, at a record low 650 thousand acres, was 36 percent below last year. Barley: Production was estimated at 118 million bushels, down 31 percent from the revised 2020 total of 171 million bushels. The average yield, at 60.4 bushels per acre, was down 16.8 bushel from the previous year. Producers seeded 2.66 million acres in 2021, down 2 percent from 2020. Harvested area, at 1.95 million acres, was down 12 percent from 2020. This report was approved on September 30, 2021. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Seth Meyer Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Joseph L. Parsons Contents Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019-2021................. 6 Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019-2021.............. 8 All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019-2021........... 10 Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019-2021........ 12 Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019-2021.. 14 Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019-2021......... 15 Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2019-2021........................................................ 15 Winter Wheat Production Distribution by Class - States: 2020 and 2021....................................... 16 Other Spring Wheat (excluding Durum) Production Distribution by Class - States: 2020 and 2021............... 17 Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot - Selected States: 2017-2021............................................. 18 Rye Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019-2021................. 19 Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2020-2021............................................................................ 20 Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2020-2021.................................................................................... 20 Crop Comments............................................................................................... 21 Statistical Methodology..................................................................................... 25 Information Contacts........................................................................................ 26 This page intentionally left blank. Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019-2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Arkansas ..........: 5 8 10 3 5 6 California ........: 90 95 100 2 4 5 Georgia ...........: 70 80 80 15 20 20 Idaho .............: 60 55 50 12 16 13 Illinois ..........: 70 60 60 10 15 15 Iowa ..............: 215 170 130 69 73 52 Kansas ............: 120 140 115 18 16 20 Maine .............: 22 26 22 19 22 19 Michigan ..........: 70 70 55 25 30 20 Minnesota .........: 240 255 180 100 160 77 : Missouri ..........: 50 35 50 6 10 15 Montana ...........: 75 75 60 26 41 16 Nebraska ..........: 120 135 120 18 29 26 New York ..........: 56 52 55 39 32 29 North Carolina ....: 22 37 33 7 12 14 North Dakota ......: 355 365 355 115 105 83 Ohio ..............: 75 55 45 25 15 20 Oklahoma ..........: 100 110 80 25 11 6 Oregon ............: 20 20 15 9 7 6 Pennsylvania ......: 85 86 85 50 55 36 : South Dakota ......: 245 310 215 75 140 56 Texas .............: 400 470 460 40 60 35 Wisconsin .........: 265 300 175 120 131 61 : United States .....: 2,830 3,009 2,550 828 1,009 650 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019-2021 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels --------- -------- 1,000 bushels ------- : Arkansas ..........: 70.0 64.0 90.0 210 320 540 California ........: 60.0 75.0 65.0 120 300 325 Georgia ...........: 55.0 54.0 70.0 825 1,080 1,400 Idaho .............: 92.0 102.0 72.0 1,104 1,632 936 Illinois ..........: 65.0 58.0 83.0 650 870 1,245 Iowa ..............: 58.0 78.0 77.0 4,002 5,694 4,004 Kansas ............: 64.0 52.0 50.0 1,152 832 1,000 Maine .............: 76.0 63.0 78.0 1,444 1,386 1,482 Michigan ..........: 57.0 55.0 63.0 1,425 1,650 1,260 Minnesota .........: 62.0 66.0 57.0 6,200 10,560 4,389 : Missouri ..........: 47.0 43.0 60.0 282 430 900 Montana ...........: 55.0 45.0 35.0 1,430 1,845 560 Nebraska ..........: 63.0 63.0 56.0 1,134 1,827 1,456 New York ..........: 60.0 53.0 68.0 2,340 1,696 1,972 North Carolina ....: 71.0 67.0 68.0 497 804 952 North Dakota ......: 86.0 78.0 48.0 9,890 8,190 3,984 Ohio ..............: 46.0 60.0 67.0 1,150 900 1,340 Oklahoma ..........: 50.0 45.0 45.0 1,250 495 270 Oregon ............: 97.0 100.0 62.0 873 700 372 Pennsylvania ......: 53.0 50.0 65.0 2,650 2,750 2,340 : South Dakota ......: 82.0 77.0 67.0 6,150 10,780 3,752 Texas .............: 50.0 45.0 45.0 2,000 2,700 1,575 Wisconsin .........: 54.0 63.0 62.0 6,480 8,253 3,782 : United States .....: 64.3 65.1 61.3 53,258 65,694 39,836 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019-2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Alaska ...........: 6 6 6 5 5 5 Arizona ..........: 18 12 16 15 8 14 California .......: 65 60 40 47 33 13 Colorado .........: 54 56 52 52 47 47 Delaware .........: 21 21 21 14 15 14 Idaho ............: 550 530 520 530 500 490 Kansas ...........: 14 16 14 4 6 4 Maine ............: 15 15 12 14 14 10 Maryland .........: 32 34 33 17 21 18 Michigan .........: 11 11 10 8 8 8 : Minnesota ........: 70 70 55 55 50 34 Montana ..........: 950 970 940 760 790 625 New York .........: 10 9 9 4 5 5 North Carolina ...: 11 14 13 6 8 7 North Dakota .....: 580 530 580 445 460 430 Oregon ...........: 45 45 37 35 30 19 Pennsylvania .....: 35 45 45 25 30 28 South Dakota .....: 37 35 30 9 14 14 Utah .............: 18 21 17 11 12 9 Virginia .........: 30 31 30 7 7 7 : Washington .......: 95 90 83 84 71 70 Wisconsin ........: 24 26 15 8 13 7 Wyoming ..........: 81 79 82 66 67 70 : United States ....: 2,772 2,726 2,660 2,221 2,214 1,948 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019-2021 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels -------- : Alaska ...........: 38.0 43.0 51.0 190 215 255 Arizona ..........: 126.0 122.0 125.0 1,890 976 1,750 California .......: 66.0 47.0 63.0 3,102 1,551 819 Colorado .........: 138.0 145.0 111.0 7,176 6,815 5,217 Delaware .........: 80.0 84.0 75.0 1,120 1,260 1,050 Idaho ............: 104.0 110.0 89.0 55,120 55,000 43,610 Kansas ...........: 33.0 51.0 66.0 132 306 264 Maine ............: 82.0 54.0 82.0 1,148 756 820 Maryland .........: 85.0 73.0 75.0 1,445 1,533 1,350 Michigan .........: 44.0 56.0 50.0 352 448 400 : Minnesota ........: 67.0 47.0 55.0 3,685 2,350 1,870 Montana ..........: 59.0 63.0 38.0 44,840 49,770 23,750 New York .........: 52.0 60.0 63.0 208 300 315 North Carolina ...: 66.0 77.0 70.0 396 616 490 North Dakota .....: 72.0 63.0 51.0 32,040 28,980 21,930 Oregon ...........: 78.0 72.0 32.0 2,730 2,160 608 Pennsylvania .....: 70.0 76.0 80.0 1,750 2,280 2,240 South Dakota .....: 43.0 44.0 20.0 387 616 280 Utah .............: 93.0 85.0 81.0 1,023 1,020 729 Virginia .........: 65.0 63.0 75.0 455 441 525 : Washington .......: 70.0 90.0 38.0 5,880 6,390 2,660 Wisconsin ........: 46.0 46.0 53.0 368 598 371 Wyoming ..........: 107.0 96.0 91.0 7,062 6,432 6,370 : United States ....: 77.7 77.2 60.4 172,499 170,813 117,673 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019-2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama ...........: 130 135 175 85 70 110 Arizona ...........: 36 50 53 35 49 52 Arkansas ..........: 110 145 210 50 75 145 California ........: 420 410 365 122 102 100 Colorado ..........: 2,150 1,900 2,200 2,000 1,520 1,880 Delaware ..........: 60 75 60 50 55 35 Georgia ...........: 150 190 220 50 85 110 Idaho .............: 1,195 1,240 1,227 1,125 1,164 1,132 Illinois ..........: 650 570 670 550 520 610 Indiana ...........: 330 300 340 260 250 270 : Kansas ............: 7,100 6,600 7,300 6,700 6,250 7,000 Kentucky ..........: 460 510 510 330 340 350 Maryland ..........: 345 355 345 165 150 160 Michigan ..........: 550 490 610 490 450 560 Minnesota .........: 1,450 1,430 1,210 1,400 1,360 1,160 Mississippi .......: 45 40 95 21 20 70 Missouri ..........: 550 480 640 390 370 490 Montana ...........: 5,450 5,595 5,520 5,135 5,490 4,545 Nebraska ..........: 1,070 900 920 970 830 840 New Jersey ........: 19 25 23 14 18 16 : New Mexico ........: 365 335 370 110 115 75 New York ..........: 90 150 155 66 120 125 North Carolina ....: 290 450 450 225 350 345 North Dakota ......: 7,505 6,650 6,470 6,630 6,563 6,090 Ohio ..............: 500 530 580 385 490 515 Oklahoma ..........: 4,200 4,250 4,400 2,750 2,600 2,950 Oregon ............: 740 740 720 730 725 705 Pennsylvania ......: 180 235 270 140 190 195 South Carolina ....: 70 110 125 45 95 100 South Dakota ......: 1,500 1,400 1,520 1,360 1,355 1,310 : Tennessee .........: 280 300 400 215 230 330 Texas .............: 4,600 4,900 5,500 2,100 2,050 2,000 Utah ..............: 125 110 110 116 98 98 Virginia ..........: 180 220 205 105 130 120 Washington ........: 2,270 2,350 2,330 2,215 2,295 2,230 Wisconsin .........: 195 160 290 150 125 245 Wyoming ...........: 125 120 115 110 90 95 : United States .....: 45,485 44,450 46,703 37,394 36,789 37,163 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019-2021 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels --------- --------- 1,000 bushels --------- : Alabama ...........: 72.0 72.0 83.0 6,120 5,040 9,130 Arizona ...........: 104.0 99.0 90.0 3,640 4,851 4,680 Arkansas ..........: 52.0 55.0 58.0 2,600 4,125 8,410 California ........: 59.4 77.0 87.6 7,244 7,854 8,760 Colorado ..........: 49.0 27.0 37.0 98,000 41,040 69,560 Delaware ..........: 72.0 73.0 70.0 3,600 4,015 2,450 Georgia ...........: 56.0 55.0 56.0 2,800 4,675 6,160 Idaho .............: 87.8 96.7 67.6 98,755 112,506 76,534 Illinois ..........: 67.0 68.0 79.0 36,850 35,360 48,190 Indiana ...........: 62.0 70.0 85.0 16,120 17,500 22,950 : Kansas ............: 52.0 45.0 52.0 348,400 281,250 364,000 Kentucky ..........: 76.0 63.0 87.0 25,080 21,420 30,450 Maryland ..........: 75.0 73.0 79.0 12,375 10,950 12,640 Michigan ..........: 71.0 75.0 81.0 34,790 33,750 45,360 Minnesota .........: 57.0 53.0 48.0 79,800 72,080 55,680 Mississippi .......: 47.0 48.0 59.0 987 960 4,130 Missouri ..........: 63.0 62.0 65.0 24,570 22,940 31,850 Montana ...........: 42.4 41.7 22.2 217,725 228,680 100,850 Nebraska ..........: 57.0 41.0 49.0 55,290 34,030 41,160 New Jersey ........: 66.0 67.0 67.0 924 1,206 1,072 : New Mexico ........: 30.0 28.0 36.0 3,300 3,220 2,700 New York ..........: 63.0 66.0 77.0 4,158 7,920 9,625 North Carolina ....: 56.0 60.0 56.0 12,600 21,000 19,320 North Dakota ......: 48.4 47.6 32.2 321,185 312,587 196,195 Ohio ..............: 56.0 71.0 85.0 21,560 34,790 43,775 Oklahoma ..........: 40.0 40.0 39.0 110,000 104,000 115,050 Oregon ............: 68.0 64.0 45.0 49,640 46,400 31,725 Pennsylvania ......: 73.0 71.0 77.0 10,220 13,490 15,015 South Carolina ....: 48.0 51.0 53.0 2,160 4,845 5,300 South Dakota ......: 48.1 51.9 33.9 65,410 70,285 44,470 : Tennessee .........: 67.0 59.0 71.0 14,405 13,570 23,430 Texas .............: 34.0 30.0 37.0 71,400 61,500 74,000 Utah ..............: 54.0 53.0 46.0 6,264 5,194 4,508 Virginia ..........: 62.0 60.0 67.0 6,510 7,800 8,040 Washington ........: 64.7 72.4 39.1 143,205 166,245 87,180 Wisconsin .........: 64.0 69.0 75.0 9,600 8,625 18,375 Wyoming ...........: 43.0 26.0 32.0 4,730 2,340 3,040 : United States .....: 51.7 49.7 44.3 1,932,017 1,828,043 1,645,764 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019-2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama ...........: 130 135 175 85 70 110 Arkansas ..........: 110 145 210 50 75 145 California ........: 390 385 340 100 85 80 Colorado ..........: 2,150 1,900 2,200 2,000 1,520 1,880 Delaware ..........: 60 75 60 50 55 35 Georgia ...........: 150 190 220 50 85 110 Idaho .............: 730 720 710 680 660 640 Illinois ..........: 650 570 670 550 520 610 Indiana ...........: 330 300 340 260 250 270 Kansas ............: 7,100 6,600 7,300 6,700 6,250 7,000 : Kentucky ..........: 460 510 510 330 340 350 Maryland ..........: 345 355 345 165 150 160 Michigan ..........: 550 490 610 490 450 560 Mississippi .......: 45 40 95 21 20 70 Missouri ..........: 550 480 640 390 370 490 Montana ...........: 2,000 1,550 1,950 1,900 1,490 1,730 Nebraska ..........: 1,070 900 920 970 830 840 New Jersey ........: 19 25 23 14 18 16 New Mexico ........: 365 335 370 110 115 75 New York ..........: 90 150 155 66 120 125 : North Carolina ....: 290 450 450 225 350 345 North Dakota ......: 85 40 90 70 33 60 Ohio ..............: 500 530 580 385 490 515 Oklahoma ..........: 4,200 4,250 4,400 2,750 2,600 2,950 Oregon ............: 740 740 720 730 725 705 Pennsylvania ......: 180 235 270 140 190 195 South Carolina ....: 70 110 125 45 95 100 South Dakota ......: 860 630 800 770 600 720 Tennessee .........: 280 300 400 215 230 330 Texas .............: 4,600 4,900 5,500 2,100 2,050 2,000 : Utah ..............: 125 110 110 116 98 98 Virginia ..........: 180 220 205 105 130 120 Washington ........: 1,750 1,800 1,750 1,700 1,750 1,690 Wisconsin .........: 195 160 290 150 125 245 Wyoming ...........: 125 120 115 110 90 95 : United States .....: 31,474 30,450 33,648 24,592 23,029 25,464 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Winter Wheat Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019-2021 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels --------- --------- 1,000 bushels --------- : Alabama ...........: 72.0 72.0 83.0 6,120 5,040 9,130 Arkansas ..........: 52.0 55.0 58.0 2,600 4,125 8,410 California ........: 50.0 75.0 82.0 5,000 6,375 6,560 Colorado ..........: 49.0 27.0 37.0 98,000 41,040 69,560 Delaware ..........: 72.0 73.0 70.0 3,600 4,015 2,450 Georgia ...........: 56.0 55.0 56.0 2,800 4,675 6,160 Idaho .............: 87.0 101.0 71.0 59,160 66,660 45,440 Illinois ..........: 67.0 68.0 79.0 36,850 35,360 48,190 Indiana ...........: 62.0 70.0 85.0 16,120 17,500 22,950 Kansas ............: 52.0 45.0 52.0 348,400 281,250 364,000 : Kentucky ..........: 76.0 63.0 87.0 25,080 21,420 30,450 Maryland ..........: 75.0 73.0 79.0 12,375 10,950 12,640 Michigan ..........: 71.0 75.0 81.0 34,790 33,750 45,360 Mississippi .......: 47.0 48.0 59.0 987 960 4,130 Missouri ..........: 63.0 62.0 65.0 24,570 22,940 31,850 Montana ...........: 50.0 51.0 31.0 95,000 75,990 53,630 Nebraska ..........: 57.0 41.0 49.0 55,290 34,030 41,160 New Jersey ........: 66.0 67.0 67.0 924 1,206 1,072 New Mexico ........: 30.0 28.0 36.0 3,300 3,220 2,700 New York ..........: 63.0 66.0 77.0 4,158 7,920 9,625 : North Carolina ....: 56.0 60.0 56.0 12,600 21,000 19,320 North Dakota ......: 53.0 49.0 33.0 3,710 1,617 1,980 Ohio ..............: 56.0 71.0 85.0 21,560 34,790 43,775 Oklahoma ..........: 40.0 40.0 39.0 110,000 104,000 115,050 Oregon ............: 68.0 64.0 45.0 49,640 46,400 31,725 Pennsylvania ......: 73.0 71.0 77.0 10,220 13,490 15,015 South Carolina ....: 48.0 51.0 53.0 2,160 4,845 5,300 South Dakota ......: 52.0 58.0 38.0 40,040 34,800 27,360 Tennessee .........: 67.0 59.0 71.0 14,405 13,570 23,430 Texas .............: 34.0 30.0 37.0 71,400 61,500 74,000 : Utah ..............: 54.0 53.0 46.0 6,264 5,194 4,508 Virginia ..........: 62.0 60.0 67.0 6,510 7,800 8,040 Washington ........: 70.0 76.0 42.0 119,000 133,000 70,980 Wisconsin .........: 64.0 69.0 75.0 9,600 8,625 18,375 Wyoming ...........: 43.0 26.0 32.0 4,730 2,340 3,040 : United States .....: 53.6 50.9 50.2 1,316,963 1,171,397 1,277,365 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019-2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Idaho ........: 460 510 510 440 495 485 Minnesota ....: 1,450 1,430 1,210 1,400 1,360 1,160 Montana ......: 2,900 3,350 2,900 2,730 3,310 2,180 North Dakota .: 6,700 5,700 5,500 5,950 5,630 5,210 South Dakota .: 640 770 720 590 755 590 Washington ...: 520 550 580 515 545 540 : United States : 12,670 12,310 11,420 11,625 12,095 10,165 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels --------- -------- 1,000 bushels -------- : Idaho ........: 89.0 91.0 63.0 39,160 45,045 30,555 Minnesota ....: 57.0 53.0 48.0 79,800 72,080 55,680 Montana ......: 37.0 38.0 17.0 101,010 125,780 37,060 North Dakota .: 49.0 49.0 33.5 291,550 275,870 174,535 South Dakota .: 43.0 47.0 29.0 25,370 35,485 17,110 Washington ...: 47.0 61.0 30.0 24,205 33,245 16,200 : United States : 48.3 48.6 32.6 561,095 587,505 331,140 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019-2021 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Arizona .........: 36 50 53 35 49 52 California ......: 30 25 25 22 17 20 Idaho ...........: 5 10 7 5 9 7 Montana .........: 550 695 670 505 690 635 North Dakota ....: 720 910 880 610 900 820 : United States ...: 1,341 1,690 1,635 1,177 1,665 1,534 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels ------- : Arizona .........: 104.0 99.0 90.0 3,640 4,851 4,680 California ......: 102.0 87.0 110.0 2,244 1,479 2,200 Idaho ...........: 87.0 89.0 77.0 435 801 539 Montana .........: 43.0 39.0 16.0 21,715 26,910 10,160 North Dakota ....: 42.5 39.0 24.0 25,925 35,100 19,680 : United States ...: 45.8 41.5 24.3 53,959 69,141 37,259 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2019-2021 [Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Crop : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 bushels : Winter : Hard red ......: 844,947 658,977 749,489 Soft red ......: 239,771 266,239 360,689 Hard white ....: 20,266 12,194 20,283 Soft white ....: 211,979 233,987 146,904 : Spring : Hard red ......: 519,929 531,179 297,366 Hard white ....: 11,841 10,693 5,662 Soft white ....: 29,325 45,633 28,112 Durum .........: 53,959 69,141 37,259 : Total ...... : 1,932,017 1,828,043 1,645,764 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wheat Class Percentage Estimates The following percentages are the basis for the United States wheat production by class estimates each year. These estimates are based on the latest varietal or class survey data available. These end-of-season percentages will be used during the 2022 forecast season. However, if an unusual situation significantly distorts a State's normal distribution, then updated percentages will be used to forecast the production by class. Winter Wheat Production Distribution by Class - States: 2020 and 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Hard red : Soft red : Hard white : Soft white :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Alabama ...........: - - 100 100 - - - - Arkansas ..........: - - 100 100 - - - - California ........: 90 92 1 1 4 3 5 4 Colorado ..........: 97 96 - - 3 4 - - Delaware ..........: - - 100 100 - - - - Georgia ...........: - - 98 99 - - 2 1 Idaho .............: 18 17 - - 1 1 81 82 Illinois ..........: - - 100 100 - - - - Indiana ...........: - - 100 100 - - - - Kansas ............: 96 94 1 2 3 4 - - : Kentucky ..........: - - 100 100 - - - - Maryland ..........: - - 100 100 - - - - Michigan ..........: - - 62 64 - - 38 36 Mississippi .......: - - 100 100 - - - - Missouri ..........: 1 1 99 99 - - - - Montana ...........: 100 100 - - - - - - Nebraska ..........: 96 95 - - 4 5 - - New Jersey ........: - - 100 100 - - - - New Mexico ........: 99 99 - - - - 1 1 New York ..........: 6 5 92 94 - - 2 1 : North Carolina ....: - - 100 100 - - - - North Dakota ......: 99 99 - - 1 1 - - Ohio ..............: - - 100 100 - - - - Oklahoma ..........: 99 99 1 1 - - - - Oregon ............: 5 8 - - - - 95 92 Pennsylvania ......: - - 100 100 - - - - South Carolina ....: - - 100 100 - - - - South Dakota ......: 100 100 - - - - - - Tennessee .........: - - 100 100 - - - - Texas .............: 96 94 4 6 - - - - : Utah ..............: 69 71 - - 3 2 28 27 Virginia ..........: 1 1 99 99 - - - - Washington ........: 9 12 - - - - 91 88 Wisconsin .........: 3 3 97 97 - - - - Wyoming ...........: 97 96 - - 3 4 - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. Other Spring Wheat (excluding Durum) Production Distribution by Class - States: 2020 and 2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hard red : Hard white : Soft white State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Idaho .........: 34 34 23 18 43 48 Minnesota .....: 100 100 - - - - Montana .......: 100 100 - - - - North Dakota ..: 100 100 - - - - South Dakota ..: 100 100 - - - - Washington ....: 20 16 1 1 79 83 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. Winter Wheat Head Population The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in 10 winter wheat estimating States during 2021. Randomly selected plots in winter wheat fields were visited monthly from May through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey. Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot - Selected States: 2017-2021 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Colorado : July ................: 43.4 40.6 49.3 43.0 49.9 August ..............: 43.2 41.0 50.8 42.7 46.8 Final ...............: 43.2 41.0 50.8 42.7 46.8 : Illinois : July ................: 56.4 60.9 48.1 52.5 63.3 August ..............: 56.4 60.9 49.2 52.4 63.4 Final ...............: 56.4 60.9 49.2 52.4 63.4 : Kansas : July ................: 44.3 37.3 46.9 45.3 51.4 August ..............: 44.6 37.3 47.2 45.4 51.4 Final ...............: 44.6 37.3 47.2 45.4 51.4 : Missouri : July ................: 53.9 53.7 56.4 52.5 55.4 August ..............: 53.9 53.7 56.4 52.5 55.4 Final ...............: 53.9 53.7 56.4 52.5 55.4 : Montana : July ................: 44.4 44.1 45.2 37.4 40.2 August ..............: 46.2 44.8 43.5 38.8 38.9 Final ...............: 46.2 44.7 43.1 38.6 38.9 : Nebraska : July ................: 52.5 50.5 53.1 45.8 47.7 August ..............: 53.3 50.4 53.7 45.7 47.0 Final ...............: 53.3 50.4 53.7 45.7 47.0 : Ohio : July ................: 58.2 70.3 52.0 64.1 66.7 August ..............: 58.2 70.3 53.0 63.9 66.5 Final ...............: 58.2 70.3 53.0 63.9 66.5 : Oklahoma : July ................: 35.7 32.9 38.1 38.2 38.2 August ..............: 35.7 32.4 38.1 38.3 38.2 Final ...............: 35.7 32.4 38.1 38.3 38.2 : Texas : July ................: 26.6 30.9 34.3 32.7 32.1 August ..............: 26.8 30.9 34.3 32.7 31.3 Final ...............: 26.8 31.1 34.5 32.7 31.3 : Washington : July ................: 34.3 41.8 34.2 37.7 33.3 August ..............: 35.8 42.3 34.3 38.3 33.4 Final ...............: 35.7 42.3 34.6 38.2 33.4 : 10 State : July ................: 41.2 40.1 44.0 42.1 45.5 August ..............: 41.7 40.1 44.1 42.3 45.0 Final ...............: 41.7 40.2 44.2 42.3 45.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rye Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019-2021 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Minnesota ......: 50 45 57 18 15 11 North Dakota ...: 85 75 88 57 50 36 Oklahoma .......: 260 270 250 55 52 50 Pennsylvania ...: 100 175 185 14 36 15 Wisconsin ......: 220 215 270 20 20 20 : Other States 2/ : 1,140 1,175 1,283 146 157 162 : United States ..: 1,855 1,955 2,133 310 330 294 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------- bushels -------- ------ 1,000 bushels ------ : Minnesota ......: 39.0 38.0 44.0 702 570 484 North Dakota ...: 45.0 44.0 32.0 2,565 2,200 1,152 Oklahoma .......: 27.0 14.0 25.0 1,485 728 1,250 Pennsylvania ...: 26.0 52.0 40.0 364 1,872 600 Wisconsin ......: 34.0 40.0 41.0 680 800 820 : Other States 2/ : 33.1 34.2 34.0 4,826 5,362 5,502 : United States ..: 34.3 34.9 33.4 10,622 11,532 9,808 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2/ Other States include Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, South Dakota, and Texas. Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2020-2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Barley .........: 2,726 2,660 2,214 1,948 Oats ...........: 3,009 2,550 1,009 650 Rye ............: 1,955 2,133 330 294 Wheat, all .....: 44,450 46,703 36,789 37,163 Winter ........: 30,450 33,648 23,029 25,464 Durum .........: 1,690 1,635 1,665 1,534 Other spring ..: 12,310 11,420 12,095 10,165 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- bushels ----- ----- 1,000 bushels ---- : Barley ........: 77.2 60.4 170,813 117,673 Oats ..........: 65.1 61.3 65,694 39,836 Rye ...........: 34.9 33.4 11,532 9,808 Wheat, all ....: 49.7 44.3 1,828,043 1,645,764 Winter .......: 50.9 50.2 1,171,397 1,277,365 Durum ........: 41.5 24.3 69,141 37,259 Other spring .: 48.6 32.6 587,505 331,140 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2020-2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Barley ........: 1,103,180 1,076,480 895,980 788,340 Oats ..........: 1,217,710 1,031,960 408,330 263,050 Rye ...........: 791,170 863,200 133,550 118,980 Wheat, all ....: 17,988,470 18,900,240 14,888,140 15,039,490 Winter .......: 12,322,810 13,617,010 9,319,610 10,305,030 Durum ........: 683,930 661,670 673,810 620,790 Other spring .: 4,981,730 4,621,560 4,894,730 4,113,670 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Barley ........: 4.15 3.25 3,719,010 2,562,030 Oats ..........: 2.34 2.20 953,550 578,220 Rye ...........: 2.19 2.09 292,930 249,130 Wheat, all ....: 3.34 2.98 49,751,180 44,790,360 Winter .......: 3.42 3.37 31,880,200 34,764,180 Durum ........: 2.79 1.63 1,881,710 1,014,020 Other spring .: 3.27 2.19 15,989,270 9,012,150 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop Comments Oats: Production in 2021 was estimated at record low 39.8 million bushels, down 39 percent from 2020. Yield was estimated at 61.3 bushels per acre, down 3.8 bushels from the previous year. Harvested area, at a record low 650 thousand acres, was 36 percent below 2020. Record low acres were planted in Oregon and Wisconsin. Record low acres were harvested in Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, and New York. Record low production was estimated in Michigan, Montana, Oregon, and Wisconsin. Nationally, oat producers seeded 72 percent of the 2021 acreage by May 2, seven percentage points ahead of the previous year and 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seventy-three percent of the oat acreage was emerged by May 16, six percentage points ahead of the previous year and 7 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Heading of the oat acreage advanced to 77 percent complete by June 27, five percentage points ahead of the previous year and 6 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Oat producers harvested 48 percent of the acreage by August 1, one percentage point ahead of the previous year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. At that time, harvest progress was at or ahead of the 5-year average in 7 of the 9 weekly Crop Progress estimating States. Ninety-two percent of the Nation's oat acreage was harvested by August 29, two percentage points ahead of the previous year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Barley: Production was estimated at 118 million bushels, down 31 percent from the revised 2020 total of 171 million bushels. The average yield, at 60.4 bushels per acre, was down 16.8 bushel from the previous year. Producers seeded 2.66 million acres in 2021, down 2 percent from 2020. Harvested area, at 1.95 million acres, was down 12 percent from 2020. Record low planted acres were estimated in California, Oregon, New York, and Wisconsin, and record low harvested acres were estimated in California and Wisconsin. Record high yields were estimated in Alaska, Kansas, and New York, while record low production was estimated in California and South Dakota. Thirteen percent of the Nation's barley acreage was planted by April 11, two percentage points ahead of the previous year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationwide, barley producers seeded 35 percent of the Nation's acreage by April 25, twelve percentage points ahead the previous year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By April 25, emergence was evident in 10 percent of the Nation's barley acreage, 3 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationally, 95 percent of the barley acreage was sown by May 30, three percentage points ahead of the previous year, but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Seventy-nine percent of the barley acreage emerged by May 30, five percentage points ahead of the previous year, but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Heading of the Nation's barley acreage advanced to 59 percent complete by July 4, two percentage points ahead of the previous year matching the 5-year average. By August 1, barley producers harvested 13 percent of the Nation's acreage, 9 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Overall, 24 percent of the barley acreage was reported in good to excellent condition on August 8, compared with 79 percent at the same time last year. By September 12, ninety-seven percent of the barley acreage was harvested, 3 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Winter wheat: Winter wheat production for 2021 totaled 1.28 billion bushels, up 9 percent from the revised 2020 total of 1.17 billion bushels. The United States yield, at 50.2 bushels per acre, was down 0.7 bushel from 2020. Area harvested for grain was estimated at 25.5 million acres, up 11 percent from the previous year. Record low acres were estimated in Utah in 2021. Record high yields were estimated in Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas for 2021. Compared with 2020, harvested acreage was up 10 percent in the major Hard Red Winter (HRW) growing States, the primary winter wheat-producing area. HRW production totaled 749 million bushels, up 14 percent from 2020. In the Soft Red Winter (SRW) growing area, planted and harvested acreage increased from 2020. SRW production totaled 361 million bushels, up 35 percent from 2020. White winter wheat production totaled 167 million bushels, down 32 percent from the previous year. Harvested acreage in the Pacific Northwest (Idaho, Oregon, and Washington) was up slightly from 2020. Seeding of the 2021 winter wheat acreage began in mid-September 2020 with 10 percent sown by September 13. By October 4, producers had sown 52 percent of the intended 2021 winter wheat acreage, 4 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 5 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Nationwide, 24 percent of the winter wheat acreage was emerged by October 4, two percentage points ahead of the previous year and three percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Emergence was at or behind the 5-year average in 11 of the 18 estimating States. Producers had sown 85 percent of the intended 2021 winter wheat acreage by October 25, two percentage points ahead of the previous year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Winter wheat planting had double-digit advances in 6 of the 18 estimating States during the week. Nationwide, 62 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by October 25, two percentage points ahead of both the previous year and the 5-year average. Emergence was at or ahead of the 5-year average in 11 of the 18 estimating States. Overall, 41 percent of the 2021 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition based on conditions as of October 25, compared with 56 percent at the same time the previous year. Seeding of the 2021 acreage was nearing completion (96 percent) by November 15, two percentage points ahead of the previous year and the 5-year average. Winter wheat planting was complete or nearing completion in 13 of the 18 estimating States. Nationwide, 85 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by November 15, three percentage points ahead of the previous year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Winter wheat emergence advanced by 10 percentage points or more from the previous week in 6 of the 18 estimating States. Overall, 43 percent of the 2021 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition for the week ending November 22, 3 percentage points below the previous week and 9 percentage points below the same time the previous year as the acreage was entering dormancy. As the acreage was emerging from dormancy, fifty-three percent of the 2021 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 9 percentage points below the previous year as of April 5. In Kansas, the largest winter wheat-producing State, 54 percent of the winter wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition. By April 18, ten percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage was headed, 3 percentage points behind the previous year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On April 18, fifty-three percent of the 2021 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, equal to the previous week but four percentage points below the previous year. In Kansas, the largest winter wheat-producing State, 55 percent of the winter wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition. By May 2, twenty-seven percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage was headed, 3 percentage points behind the previous year and 7 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On May 2, forty-eight percent of the 2021 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 1 percentage point below the previous week and 7 percentage points below the same time the previous year. In Kansas, the largest winter wheat-producing State, 55 percent of the winter wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition. By June 6, eighty-five percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage was headed, 1 percentage points ahead of the previous year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Two percent of the 2021 winter wheat acreage was harvested by June 6, 4 percentage points behind the previous year and 5 percentage point behind of the 5-year average. As of June 6, fifty percent of the 2021 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 2 percentage points above the previous week but 1 percentage points below the same time the previous year. In Kansas, the largest winter wheat-producing State, 65 percent of the winter wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition. Thirty-three percent of the 2021 winter wheat acreage was harvested by June 27, six percentage points behind the previous year and seven percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of June 27, forty-eight percent of the 2021 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 1 percentage points below the previous week and 4 percentage points below the same time the previous year. In Kansas, the largest winter wheat-producing State, 85 percent of the State's winter wheat acreage was harvested by July 11, 8 percentage points behind the previous year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Fifty-nine percent of the 2021 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by July 11, seven percentage points behind the previous year and 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. In Kansas, 98 percent of the State's winter wheat acreage was harvested by July 25, one percentage point behind the previous year and the 5-year average. Eighty-four percent of the 2021 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by July 25, four percentage points ahead of the previous year and 3 percentage points ahead the 5-year average. Winter wheat harvest progress continued with advances of 20 percentage points or more from the previous week reported in Colorado, Michigan, Nebraska, Oregon, South Dakota, and Washington. Ninety-one percent of the 2021 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by August 1, seven percentage points ahead of the previous year and 5 percentage points ahead the 5-year average. Winter wheat harvest progress was complete or nearing completion in all estimating States except Idaho, Michigan, Montana, Oregon, and Washington. Ninety-five percent of the 2021 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by August 8, six percentage point ahead of the previous year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Winter wheat harvest progress was complete or nearing completion in all estimating States except Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington. Other spring wheat: Production for 2021 was estimated at 331 million bushels, down 44 percent from the revised 2020 total of 588 million bushels. Harvested area totaled 10.2 million acres, down 16 percent from 2020. The United States yield was estimated at 32.6 bushels per acre, down 16.0 bushel from the record high of 48.6 bushels per acre in 2020. Of the total production, 297 million bushels were Hard Red Spring wheat, down 44 percent from the 2020 total. Seeding of the 2021 spring wheat acreage began in early April. Twenty- eight percent of the spring wheat acreage was seeded by April 25, fifteen percentage points ahead of the previous year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. As of April 25, Washington and Idaho led the Nation in planting progress with 80 percent and 64 percent planted, respectively. By April 25, seven percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had emerged, 3 percentage points ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead the 5-year average. As of May 9, seventy percent of the spring wheat acreage was seeded, 30 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 19 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Minnesota and Idaho had the largest percentages of acres planted, with 97 percent and 93 percent planted, respectively. As of May 9, twenty-nine percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had emerged, 14 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. As of May 23, ninety-four percent of the spring wheat acreage was seeded, 16 percentage point ahead of the previous year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. As of May 23, sixty-six percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had emerged, 18 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. As of May 30, ninety-seven percent of the spring wheat acreage had been seeded, 7 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. As of May 30, eighty percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had emerged, 15 percentage point ahead of the previous year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Forty-three percent of the Nation's spring wheat was rated in good to excellent condition, two percentage points below the previous week and thirty-seven percentage point below the same time the previous year. By June 20, twenty-seven percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had reached the headed stage, 16 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 9 percentage points ahead the 5-year average. Twenty-seven percent of the Nation's spring wheat was rated in good to excellent condition, 10 percentage points below the previous week and 48 percent below the same time the previous year. By July 5, sixty-nine percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had reached the headed stage, 10 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Sixteen percent of the Nation's spring wheat was rated in good to excellent condition, 4 percentage point below the previous week and 54 percentage points below the same time the previous year. By July 25, ninety-seven percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had reached the headed stage, 1 percentage point ahead of the previous year and equal to the 5-year average. By July 25, three percent of the spring wheat had been harvested, 2 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 1 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nine percent of the Nation's spring wheat was rated in good to excellent condition, 2 percentage points below the previous week and 61 percentage points below the same time the previous year. By August 1, seventeen percent of the spring wheat had been harvested, 13 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Harvest progress was ahead of the 5-year average in all of the 6 estimating States. Ten percent of the Nation's spring wheat was rated in good to excellent condition, 1 percentage point above the previous week but 63 percent below the same time the previous year. By August 29, eighty-eight percent of the spring wheat had been harvested, 22 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 17 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Harvest progress was 20 percentage points or more, ahead of last year, in North Dakota and Washington. By September 5, ninety-five percent of the spring wheat was harvested, 15 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 12 percentage points ahead the 5-year average. Harvest progress advanced 10 percentage points or more in 2 of the 6 estimating States during the week. Durum wheat: Production for 2021 was estimated at 37.3 million bushels, down 46 percent from the 2020 total of 69.1 million bushels. Area harvested for grain totaled 1.53 million acres, down 8 percent from the previous year. The United States yield was estimated at 24.3 bushels per acre, down 17.2 bushels from the 2020 yield. Production in North Dakota, the largest Durum wheat-producing State, was down 44 percent from 2020. The decrease in production is a result of dry conditions in the major Durum wheat growing States. Harvest began in the two major Durum-wheat producing States of Montana and North Dakota in early August. Harvest was 96 percent complete in both Montana and North Dakota by September 12. Rye: Production for 2021 was estimated at 9.8 million bushels, down 15 percent from the 2020 total. Harvested area totaled 294,000 acres, down 36,000 acres from 2020. The United States yield, at 33.4 bushels per acre, was down 1.5 bushel from the previous year. Planted area totaled 2.13 million acres, up 9 percent from 2020, and the highest since 1988. Much of those acres were used as cover crop. Record high planted area was estimated in Pennsylvania. Record high yields were estimated in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Statistical Methodology Survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted to gather information on small grain acreage, yield, and production. The objective yield survey was conducted in 10 States that accounted for 71 percent of the 2021 winter wheat production. Early in the growing season, farm operators were interviewed to seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. Throughout the growing season, counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were collected from these plots. The plots were revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads were clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator harvested the sample field, enumerators revisited the sample to collect data in order to measure harvesting loss. Data from operators was collected by mail, internet, or telephone, to obtain information on crop acreage, yield and production for the 2021 crop year. Approximately 62,200 producers were interviewed during the first two weeks of September and asked questions pertaining to planted and harvested area as well as yield and production. Estimating Procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared with previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits an estimate and written analysis for their State to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data, administrative data, and the State analysis to prepare the estimates published in this report. Revision Policy: Estimates contained in this report may be revised in the Crop Production Annual Summary report published in January should new information become available. Previous year acreage, yield, and production estimates can be revised in the Small Grain Summary published the following year, if new information is available that would justify a change. Estimates will also be reviewed after data for the 5-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date. Reliability: The surveys used to make the acreage, yield, and production estimates contained in this report are subject to sampling and non-sampling type errors that are common to all surveys. Reliability of the objective yield and farmer survey must be treated separately because the survey designs for the two surveys are different. The objective yield indications are subject to sampling variability because all acres of winter wheat are not included in the sample. The farm operator survey indications are also subject to sampling variability because all operations with small grains are not included in the sample. This variability, as measured by the relative standard error at the National level, is approximately 1.9 percent for winter wheat, 6.8 percent for Durum wheat, and 4.0 percent for other spring wheat. This means that chances are approximately 95 out of 100 that survey estimates for production will be within plus or minus 3.8 percent for winter wheat, 13.6 percent for Durum wheat, and 8.0 percent for other spring wheat of the value that could be developed by averaging the estimates produced from all possible samples selected from the same population and surveyed using the same procedures. The relative standard errors for barley, oats, and rye are 4.7, 4.1, and 13.2 percent, respectively. Survey indications are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omission, duplication, imputation for missing data, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. These errors cannot be measured directly, but they are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch................................................ (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop Weather (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Oats, Soybeans (202) 690-3234 David Colwell - Current Agricultural Industrial Reports (202) 720-8800 Michelle Harder - Barley, County Estimates, Hay (202) 690-8533 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet (202) 720-9526 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Sunflower, Other Oilseeds................................. (202) 720-7369 Lihan Wei - Peanuts, Rice.................................................. (202) 720-7688 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS's and other agency's archived reports. The new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. If you need instructions to set up an account or subscribe, they are located at: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist notifications@usda-esmis.library.cornell.edu in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@usda.gov. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) 690-7442 or email at program.intake@usda.gov.