United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service ISSN: 1949- 162X Small Grains 2019 Summary September 2019 All wheat production totaled 1.96 billion bushels in 2019, up 4 percent from the revised 2018 total of 1.89 billion bushels. Area harvested for grain totaled 38.1 million acres, down 4 percent from the previous year. The United States yield was estimated at 51.6 bushels per acre, up 4.0 bushels from the previous year. The levels of production and changes from 2018 by type were: winter wheat, 1.30 billion bushels, up 10 percent; other spring wheat, 600 million bushels, down 4 percent; and Durum wheat, 57.7 million bushels, down 26 percent. Oat production was estimated at 54.2 million bushels, up 1 percent from 2018 for comparable States. Yield was estimated at 64.4 bushels per acre, down 0.9 bushel from the previous year for comparable States. Harvested area, at 842,000 acres, was 2 percent above last year for comparable States. Barley production was estimated at 171 million bushels, up 12 percent from the revised 2018 total of 154 million bushels. The average yield per acre, at 77.4 bushels, was down 0.1 bushel from the previous year. Producers seeded 2.72 million acres in 2019, up 7 percent from last year. Harvested area, at 2.21 million acres, was up 12 percent from 2018. This report was approved on September 30, 2019. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Warren P. Preston Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Joseph L. Parsons Contents Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2017-2019................. 6 Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2017-2019.............. 8 All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2017-2019........... 10 Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2017-2019........ 12 Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2017-2019.. 14 Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2017-2019......... 15 Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2017-2019........................................................ 15 Winter Wheat Production Distribution by Class - States: 2018 and 2019....................................... 16 Other Spring Wheat (excluding Durum) Production Distribution by Class - States: 2018 and 2019............... 17 Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot - Selected States: 2015-2019............................................. 18 Rye Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2017-2019................. 19 Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2018-2019............................................................................ 20 Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2018-2019.................................................................................... 20 Crop Comments............................................................................................... 21 Statistical Methodology..................................................................................... 25 Information Contacts........................................................................................ 26 This page intentionally left blank. Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2017-2019 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama 2/ ........: 40 40 (NA) 10 15 (NA) Arkansas ..........: 11 10 5 8 7 3 California ........: 110 110 75 10 6 2 Colorado 2/ .......: 50 95 (NA) 9 7 (NA) Georgia ...........: 50 60 70 15 15 15 Idaho .............: 50 40 60 10 10 12 Illinois ..........: 35 40 70 20 25 10 Iowa ..............: 115 135 215 42 33 69 Kansas ............: 100 120 120 25 18 18 Maine .............: 22 21 22 21 19 19 : Michigan ..........: 55 75 70 40 50 25 Minnesota .........: 170 180 240 95 105 100 Missouri ..........: 30 35 50 13 16 6 Montana ...........: 70 70 70 18 23 30 Nebraska ..........: 110 125 120 35 22 18 New York ..........: 55 69 56 35 43 39 North Carolina ....: 35 30 22 10 11 7 North Dakota ......: 295 300 355 80 105 125 Ohio ..............: 60 55 75 20 30 25 Oklahoma ..........: 45 50 100 16 10 25 : Oregon ............: 25 20 20 10 5 9 Pennsylvania ......: 70 65 85 40 35 50 South Carolina 2/ .: 20 19 (NA) 8 7 (NA) South Dakota ......: 290 290 245 60 95 75 Texas .............: 455 450 400 60 50 40 Washington 2/ .....: 16 17 (NA) 4 4 (NA) Wisconsin .........: 180 200 265 85 90 120 Wyoming 2/ ........: 25 25 (NA) 5 9 (NA) : United States .....: 2,589 2,746 2,810 804 865 842 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2017-2019 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels ------- : Alabama 2/ ........: 60.0 63.0 (NA) 600 945 (NA) Arkansas ..........: 85.0 75.0 70.0 680 525 210 California ........: 65.0 70.0 60.0 650 420 120 Colorado 2/ .......: 65.0 50.0 (NA) 585 350 (NA) Georgia ...........: 49.0 71.0 55.0 735 1,065 825 Idaho .............: 71.0 84.0 90.0 710 840 1,080 Illinois ..........: 79.0 83.0 65.0 1,580 2,075 650 Iowa ..............: 77.0 63.0 58.0 3,234 2,079 4,002 Kansas ............: 54.0 49.0 64.0 1,350 882 1,152 Maine .............: 67.0 67.0 74.0 1,407 1,273 1,406 : Michigan ..........: 54.0 63.0 57.0 2,160 3,150 1,425 Minnesota .........: 75.0 59.0 62.0 7,125 6,195 6,200 Missouri ..........: 65.0 45.0 47.0 845 720 282 Montana ...........: 47.0 43.0 45.0 846 989 1,350 Nebraska ..........: 49.0 69.0 63.0 1,715 1,518 1,134 New York ..........: 55.0 54.0 60.0 1,925 2,322 2,340 North Carolina ....: 66.0 66.0 71.0 660 726 497 North Dakota ......: 58.0 82.0 87.0 4,640 8,610 10,875 Ohio ..............: 70.0 65.0 46.0 1,400 1,950 1,150 Oklahoma ..........: 42.0 48.0 50.0 672 480 1,250 : Oregon ............: 83.0 99.0 99.0 830 495 891 Pennsylvania ......: 58.0 46.0 53.0 2,320 1,610 2,650 South Carolina 2/ .: 51.0 62.0 (NA) 408 434 (NA) South Dakota ......: 70.0 82.0 83.0 4,200 7,790 6,225 Texas .............: 45.0 50.0 50.0 2,700 2,500 2,000 Washington 2/ .....: 42.0 46.0 (NA) 168 184 (NA) Wisconsin .........: 59.0 61.0 54.0 5,015 5,490 6,480 Wyoming 2/ ........: 85.0 57.0 (NA) 425 513 (NA) : United States .....: 61.7 64.9 64.4 49,585 56,130 54,194 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2019. Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2017-2019 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Alaska ...........: (X) 5 6 (X) 4 5 Arizona ..........: 20 14 17 17 11 14 California .......: 75 65 60 29 26 43 Colorado .........: 70 60 54 68 53 52 Delaware .........: 32 25 21 18 14 14 Idaho ............: 530 550 540 510 530 520 Kansas 2/ ........: (NA) 17 14 (NA) 6 4 Maine 2/ .........: (NA) 17 16 (NA) 16 15 Maryland .........: 50 45 32 27 24 17 Michigan 2/ ......: (NA) 20 11 (NA) 5 8 : Minnesota ........: 80 80 70 68 67 55 Montana ..........: 770 790 920 565 600 765 New York 2/ ......: (NA) 10 10 (NA) 8 4 North Carolina 2/ : (NA) 11 11 (NA) 8 6 North Dakota .....: 520 470 580 400 385 450 Oregon ...........: 47 43 40 38 26 32 Pennsylvania .....: 60 45 35 45 33 25 South Dakota 2/ ..: (NA) 48 37 (NA) 13 9 Utah .............: 25 21 17 18 16 10 Virginia .........: 30 30 30 11 9 7 : Washington .......: 95 85 95 85 67 85 Wisconsin 2/ .....: (NA) 25 24 (NA) 10 8 Wyoming ..........: 82 72 81 63 51 66 : United States 3/ .: 2,486 2,548 2,721 1,962 1,982 2,214 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2017-2019 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ----------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels -------- : Alaska ...........: (X) 43.0 38.0 (X) 172 190 Arizona ..........: 131.0 100.0 126.0 2,227 1,100 1,764 California .......: 50.0 69.0 66.0 1,450 1,794 2,838 Colorado .........: 132.0 145.0 138.0 8,976 7,685 7,176 Delaware .........: 85.0 78.0 80.0 1,530 1,092 1,120 Idaho ............: 95.0 101.0 105.0 48,450 53,530 54,600 Kansas 2/ ........: (NA) 31.0 33.0 (NA) 186 132 Maine 2/ .........: (NA) 73.0 84.0 (NA) 1,168 1,260 Maryland .........: 76.0 70.0 85.0 2,052 1,680 1,445 Michigan 2/ ......: (NA) 43.0 44.0 (NA) 215 352 : Minnesota ........: 76.0 76.0 67.0 5,168 5,092 3,685 Montana ..........: 51.0 56.0 58.0 28,815 33,600 44,370 New York 2/ ......: (NA) 58.0 52.0 (NA) 464 208 North Carolina 2/ : (NA) 80.0 66.0 (NA) 640 396 North Dakota .....: 65.0 74.0 72.0 26,000 28,490 32,400 Oregon ...........: 62.0 53.0 78.0 2,356 1,378 2,496 Pennsylvania .....: 70.0 63.0 70.0 3,150 2,079 1,750 South Dakota 2/ ..: (NA) 55.0 44.0 (NA) 715 396 Utah .............: 75.0 86.0 93.0 1,350 1,376 930 Virginia .........: 73.0 70.0 65.0 803 630 455 : Washington .......: 53.0 73.0 70.0 4,505 4,891 5,950 Wisconsin 2/ .....: (NA) 45.0 46.0 (NA) 450 368 Wyoming ..........: 102.0 100.0 107.0 6,426 5,100 7,062 : United States 3/ .: 73.0 77.5 77.4 143,258 153,527 171,343 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2/ Estimates began in 2018. 3/ Beginning in 2018, United States total includes data for Alaska. For 2017, Alaska data is not included in United States total. All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2017-2019 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama ...........: 150 160 130 100 110 85 Arizona ...........: 115 96 34 105 77 33 Arkansas ..........: 200 175 110 125 95 50 California ........: 420 425 420 182 147 122 Colorado ..........: 2,260 2,260 2,150 2,029 1,954 2,000 Delaware ..........: 75 75 60 60 45 50 Florida 2/ ........: 20 15 (NA) 10 10 (NA) Georgia ...........: 160 200 150 70 70 50 Idaho .............: 1,175 1,191 1,195 1,109 1,136 1,130 Illinois ..........: 500 600 650 470 560 550 : Indiana ...........: 290 310 330 240 260 260 Iowa 2/ ...........: 16 16 (NA) 8 6 (NA) Kansas ............: 7,600 7,700 6,900 6,950 7,300 6,500 Kentucky ..........: 480 450 460 310 300 330 Louisiana 2/ ......: 20 15 (NA) 13 10 (NA) Maryland ..........: 410 360 345 185 200 165 Michigan ..........: 480 510 540 425 470 480 Minnesota .........: 1,170 1,621 1,450 1,135 1,575 1,410 Mississippi .......: 45 55 45 25 30 21 Missouri ..........: 640 740 550 540 520 390 : Montana ...........: 5,140 5,390 5,450 4,665 5,165 5,295 Nebraska ..........: 1,120 1,100 1,070 1,020 1,010 970 Nevada 2/ .........: 29 23 (NA) 14 8 (NA) New Jersey ........: 23 18 19 17 15 14 New Mexico ........: 330 320 360 135 105 105 New York ..........: 140 110 90 125 95 66 North Carolina ....: 450 460 290 375 370 225 North Dakota ......: 6,680 7,735 7,505 6,260 7,635 7,365 Ohio ..............: 490 490 500 460 450 385 Oklahoma ..........: 4,500 4,400 4,200 2,900 2,500 2,750 : Oregon ............: 775 800 740 763 770 730 Pennsylvania ......: 210 195 180 150 145 140 South Carolina ....: 90 80 70 75 65 45 South Dakota ......: 1,887 1,883 1,500 1,196 1,628 1,385 Tennessee .........: 370 380 280 275 285 215 Texas .............: 4,700 4,500 4,500 2,350 1,750 2,050 Utah ..............: 134 130 125 120 103 116 Virginia ..........: 210 230 180 145 155 105 Washington ........: 2,195 2,220 2,260 2,140 2,165 2,205 West Virginia 2/ ..: 8 7 (NA) 4 3 (NA) Wisconsin .........: 210 240 195 170 200 150 Wyoming ...........: 135 130 125 105 115 110 : United States .....: 46,052 47,815 45,158 37,555 39,612 38,052 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2017-2019 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- --------- 1,000 bushels --------- : Alabama ...........: 77.0 72.0 72.0 7,700 7,920 6,120 Arizona ...........: 100.8 102.6 104.0 10,589 7,898 3,432 Arkansas ..........: 52.0 55.0 52.0 6,500 5,225 2,600 California ........: 68.2 81.5 59.4 12,404 11,985 7,244 Colorado ..........: 43.2 36.1 49.0 87,598 70,504 98,000 Delaware ..........: 73.0 71.0 72.0 4,380 3,195 3,600 Florida 2/ ........: 37.0 36.0 (NA) 370 360 (NA) Georgia ...........: 47.0 54.0 56.0 3,290 3,780 2,800 Idaho .............: 81.8 91.9 87.8 90,723 104,410 99,170 Illinois ..........: 76.0 66.0 67.0 35,720 36,960 36,850 : Indiana ...........: 74.0 71.0 62.0 17,760 18,460 16,120 Iowa 2/ ...........: 68.0 58.0 (NA) 544 348 (NA) Kansas ............: 48.0 38.0 52.0 333,600 277,400 338,000 Kentucky ..........: 77.0 66.0 76.0 23,870 19,800 25,080 Louisiana 2/ ......: 46.0 65.0 (NA) 598 650 (NA) Maryland ..........: 71.0 63.0 75.0 13,135 12,600 12,375 Michigan ..........: 79.0 76.0 71.0 33,575 35,720 34,080 Minnesota .........: 66.9 59.0 57.0 75,935 92,930 80,370 Mississippi .......: 58.0 49.0 47.0 1,450 1,470 987 Missouri ..........: 68.0 59.0 63.0 36,720 30,680 24,570 : Montana ...........: 27.3 38.3 42.2 127,430 197,630 223,290 Nebraska ..........: 46.0 49.0 57.0 46,920 49,490 55,290 Nevada 2/ .........: 105.7 112.5 (NA) 1,480 900 (NA) New Jersey ........: 64.0 62.0 66.0 1,088 930 924 New Mexico ........: 30.0 15.0 30.0 4,050 1,575 3,150 New York ..........: 67.0 69.0 63.0 8,375 6,555 4,158 North Carolina ....: 55.0 57.0 56.0 20,625 21,090 12,600 North Dakota ......: 37.9 47.6 48.4 237,133 363,483 356,300 Ohio ..............: 74.0 75.0 56.0 34,040 33,750 21,560 Oklahoma ..........: 34.0 28.0 40.0 98,600 70,000 110,000 : Oregon ............: 63.0 67.0 68.0 48,069 51,590 49,640 Pennsylvania ......: 72.0 65.0 73.0 10,800 9,425 10,220 South Carolina ....: 49.0 54.0 48.0 3,675 3,510 2,160 South Dakota ......: 34.8 44.4 48.4 41,678 72,294 67,100 Tennessee .........: 70.0 65.0 67.0 19,250 18,525 14,405 Texas .............: 29.0 32.0 34.0 68,150 56,000 69,700 Utah ..............: 52.0 52.0 54.0 6,240 5,356 6,264 Virginia ..........: 66.0 60.0 62.0 9,570 9,300 6,510 Washington ........: 66.6 70.8 64.7 142,500 153,210 142,735 West Virginia 2/ ..: 69.0 46.0 (NA) 276 138 (NA) Wisconsin .........: 68.0 71.0 64.0 11,560 14,200 9,600 Wyoming ...........: 28.0 34.0 43.0 2,940 3,910 4,730 : United States .....: 46.4 47.6 51.6 1,740,910 1,885,156 1,961,734 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2019. Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2017-2019 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama ...........: 150 160 130 100 110 85 Arizona 2/ ........: 25 22 (NA) 16 4 (NA) Arkansas ..........: 200 175 110 125 95 50 California ........: 385 380 390 155 110 100 Colorado ..........: 2,250 2,250 2,150 2,020 1,950 2,000 Delaware ..........: 75 75 60 60 45 50 Florida 2/ ........: 20 15 (NA) 10 10 (NA) Georgia ...........: 160 200 150 70 70 50 Idaho .............: 720 720 730 670 680 680 Illinois ..........: 500 600 650 470 560 550 : Indiana ...........: 290 310 330 240 260 260 Iowa 2/ ...........: 16 16 (NA) 8 6 (NA) Kansas ............: 7,600 7,700 6,900 6,950 7,300 6,500 Kentucky ..........: 480 450 460 310 300 330 Louisiana 2/ ......: 20 15 (NA) 13 10 (NA) Maryland ..........: 410 360 345 185 200 165 Michigan ..........: 480 510 540 425 470 480 Minnesota 2/ ......: 10 11 (NA) 5 5 (NA) Mississippi .......: 45 55 45 25 30 21 Missouri ..........: 640 740 550 540 520 390 : Montana ...........: 1,750 1,650 2,000 1,590 1,570 1,900 Nebraska ..........: 1,120 1,100 1,070 1,020 1,010 970 Nevada 2/ .........: 14 13 (NA) 5 5 (NA) New Jersey ........: 23 18 19 17 15 14 New Mexico ........: 330 320 360 135 105 105 New York ..........: 140 110 90 125 95 66 North Carolina ....: 450 460 290 375 370 225 North Dakota ......: 70 85 85 35 70 70 Ohio ..............: 490 490 500 460 450 385 Oklahoma ..........: 4,500 4,400 4,200 2,900 2,500 2,750 : Oregon ............: 700 720 740 690 695 730 Pennsylvania ......: 210 195 180 150 145 140 South Carolina ....: 90 80 70 75 65 45 South Dakota ......: 910 830 860 520 660 770 Tennessee .........: 370 380 280 275 285 215 Texas .............: 4,700 4,500 4,500 2,350 1,750 2,050 Utah ..............: 120 120 125 108 94 116 Virginia ..........: 210 230 180 145 155 105 Washington ........: 1,700 1,700 1,750 1,650 1,650 1,700 West Virginia 2/ ..: 8 7 (NA) 4 3 (NA) Wisconsin .........: 210 240 195 170 200 150 Wyoming ...........: 135 130 125 105 115 110 : United States .....: 32,726 32,542 31,159 25,301 24,742 24,327 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Winter Wheat Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2017-2019 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- --------- 1,000 bushels --------- : Alabama ...........: 77.0 72.0 72.0 7,700 7,920 6,120 Arizona 2/ ........: 100.0 40.0 (NA) 1,600 160 (NA) Arkansas ..........: 52.0 55.0 52.0 6,500 5,225 2,600 California ........: 64.0 77.0 50.0 9,920 8,470 5,000 Colorado ..........: 43.0 36.0 49.0 86,860 70,200 98,000 Delaware ..........: 73.0 71.0 72.0 4,380 3,195 3,600 Florida 2/ ........: 37.0 36.0 (NA) 370 360 (NA) Georgia ...........: 47.0 54.0 56.0 3,290 3,780 2,800 Idaho .............: 80.0 90.0 87.0 53,600 61,200 59,160 Illinois ..........: 76.0 66.0 67.0 35,720 36,960 36,850 : Indiana ...........: 74.0 71.0 62.0 17,760 18,460 16,120 Iowa 2/ ...........: 68.0 58.0 (NA) 544 348 (NA) Kansas ............: 48.0 38.0 52.0 333,600 277,400 338,000 Kentucky ..........: 77.0 66.0 76.0 23,870 19,800 25,080 Louisiana 2/ ......: 46.0 65.0 (NA) 598 650 (NA) Maryland ..........: 71.0 63.0 75.0 13,135 12,600 12,375 Michigan ..........: 79.0 76.0 71.0 33,575 35,720 34,080 Minnesota 2/ ......: 45.0 60.0 (NA) 225 300 (NA) Mississippi .......: 58.0 49.0 47.0 1,450 1,470 987 Missouri ..........: 68.0 59.0 63.0 36,720 30,680 24,570 : Montana ...........: 42.0 50.0 50.0 66,780 78,500 95,000 Nebraska ..........: 46.0 49.0 57.0 46,920 49,490 55,290 Nevada 2/ .........: 107.0 120.0 (NA) 535 600 (NA) New Jersey ........: 64.0 62.0 66.0 1,088 930 924 New Mexico ........: 30.0 15.0 30.0 4,050 1,575 3,150 New York ..........: 67.0 69.0 63.0 8,375 6,555 4,158 North Carolina ....: 55.0 57.0 56.0 20,625 21,090 12,600 North Dakota ......: 37.0 43.0 53.0 1,295 3,010 3,710 Ohio ..............: 74.0 75.0 56.0 34,040 33,750 21,560 Oklahoma ..........: 34.0 28.0 40.0 98,600 70,000 110,000 : Oregon ............: 63.0 67.0 68.0 43,470 46,565 49,640 Pennsylvania ......: 72.0 65.0 73.0 10,800 9,425 10,220 South Carolina ....: 49.0 54.0 48.0 3,675 3,510 2,160 South Dakota ......: 40.0 48.0 52.0 20,800 31,680 40,040 Tennessee .........: 70.0 65.0 67.0 19,250 18,525 14,405 Texas .............: 29.0 32.0 34.0 68,150 56,000 69,700 Utah ..............: 52.0 52.0 54.0 5,616 4,888 6,264 Virginia ..........: 66.0 60.0 62.0 9,570 9,300 6,510 Washington ........: 73.0 76.0 70.0 120,450 125,400 119,000 West Virginia 2/ ..: 69.0 46.0 (NA) 276 138 (NA) Wisconsin .........: 68.0 71.0 64.0 11,560 14,200 9,600 Wyoming ...........: 28.0 34.0 43.0 2,940 3,910 4,730 : United States .....: 50.2 47.9 53.6 1,270,282 1,183,939 1,304,003 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2019. Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2017-2019 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Colorado 1/ ..: 10 10 (NA) 9 4 (NA) Idaho ........: 430 460 460 415 445 445 Minnesota ....: 1,160 1,610 1,450 1,130 1,570 1,410 Montana ......: 2,500 2,900 2,900 2,290 2,820 2,860 Nevada 1/ ....: 15 10 (NA) 9 3 (NA) North Dakota .: 5,350 6,550 6,700 5,050 6,490 6,600 Oregon 1/ ....: 75 80 (NA) 73 75 (NA) South Dakota .: 970 1,050 640 670 965 615 Utah 1/ ......: 14 10 (NA) 12 9 (NA) Washington ...: 495 520 510 490 515 505 : United States : 11,019 13,200 12,660 10,148 12,896 12,435 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels -------- : Colorado 1/ ..: 82.0 76.0 (NA) 738 304 (NA) Idaho ........: 85.0 95.0 89.0 35,275 42,275 39,605 Minnesota ....: 67.0 59.0 57.0 75,710 92,630 80,370 Montana ......: 21.0 34.0 37.0 48,090 95,880 105,820 Nevada 1/ ....: 105.0 100.0 (NA) 945 300 (NA) North Dakota .: 41.0 49.0 49.0 207,050 318,010 323,400 Oregon 1/ ....: 63.0 67.0 (NA) 4,599 5,025 (NA) South Dakota .: 31.0 42.0 44.0 20,770 40,530 27,060 Utah 1/ ......: 52.0 52.0 (NA) 624 468 (NA) Washington ...: 45.0 54.0 47.0 22,050 27,810 23,735 : United States : 41.0 48.3 48.3 415,851 623,232 599,990 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2019. Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2017-2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Arizona .........: 90 74 34 89 73 33 California ......: 35 45 30 27 37 22 Idaho ...........: 25 11 5 24 11 5 Montana .........: 890 840 550 785 775 535 North Dakota ....: 1,260 1,100 720 1,175 1,075 695 South Dakota 1/ .: 7 3 (NA) 6 3 (NA) : United States ...: 2,307 2,073 1,339 2,106 1,974 1,290 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels ------- : Arizona .........: 101.0 106.0 104.0 8,989 7,738 3,432 California ......: 92.0 95.0 102.0 2,484 3,515 2,244 Idaho ...........: 77.0 85.0 81.0 1,848 935 405 Montana .........: 16.0 30.0 42.0 12,560 23,250 22,470 North Dakota ....: 24.5 39.5 42.0 28,788 42,463 29,190 South Dakota 1/ .: 18.0 28.0 (NA) 108 84 (NA) : United States ...: 26.0 39.5 44.8 54,777 77,985 57,741 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2019. Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2017-2019 [Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Crop : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 bushels : Winter : Hard red ......: 750,132 662,249 833,181 Soft red ......: 293,222 285,558 239,166 Hard white ....: 23,724 19,347 19,954 Soft white ....: 203,204 216,785 211,702 : Spring : Hard red ......: 384,193 587,007 558,901 Hard white ....: 8,772 13,510 11,960 Soft white ....: 22,886 22,715 29,129 Durum .........: 54,777 77,985 57,741 : Total ...... : 1,740,910 1,885,156 1,961,734 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wheat Class Percentage Estimates The following percentages are the basis for the United States wheat production by class estimates each year. These estimates are based on the latest varietal or class survey data available. These end-of-season percentages will be used during the 2020 forecast season. However, if an unusual situation significantly distorts a State's normal distribution, then updated percentages will be used to forecast the production by class. Winter Wheat Production Distribution by Class - States: 2018 and 2019 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Hard red : Soft red : Hard white : Soft white :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2018 : 2019 : 2018 : 2019 : 2018 : 2019 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Alabama ...........: 2 2 98 98 - - - - Arizona 1/ ........: 99 (NA) - (NA) 1 (NA) - (NA) Arkansas ..........: - - 99 100 1 - - - California ........: 88 88 - - 7 7 5 5 Colorado ..........: 91 94 - - 9 6 - - Delaware ..........: - - 100 100 - - - - Florida 1/ ........: - (NA) 92 (NA) - (NA) 8 (NA) Georgia ...........: - - 99 100 - - 1 - Idaho .............: 20 20 - - - - 80 80 Illinois ..........: - - 100 100 - - - - : Indiana ...........: - - 100 100 - - - - Iowa 1/ ...........: 48 (NA) 52 (NA) - (NA) - (NA) Kansas ............: 96 96 1 1 3 3 - - Kentucky ..........: - - 100 100 - - - - Louisiana 1/ ......: - (NA) 100 (NA) - (NA) - (NA) Maryland ..........: - - 100 90 - - - 10 Michigan ..........: - - 59 61 - - 41 39 Minnesota 1/ ......: 100 (NA) - (NA) - (NA) - (NA) Mississippi .......: - - 100 100 - - - - Missouri ..........: 1 1 99 99 - - - - : Montana ...........: 100 100 - - - - - - Nebraska ..........: 93 94 - - 7 6 - - Nevada 1/ .........: 36 (NA) - (NA) - (NA) 64 (NA) New Jersey ........: - - 99 100 - - 1 - New Mexico ........: 100 100 - - - - - - New York ..........: 3 6 94 92 - - 3 2 North Carolina ....: - - 100 100 - - - - North Dakota ......: 100 100 - - - - - - Ohio ..............: - - 100 100 - - - - Oklahoma ..........: 99 99 1 1 - - - - : Oregon ............: 8 8 - - - - 92 92 Pennsylvania ......: 1 - 98 100 - - 1 - South Carolina ....: - - 100 100 - - - - South Dakota ......: 100 100 - - - - - - Tennessee .........: - - 100 100 - - - - Texas .............: 93 96 7 4 - - - - Utah ..............: 72 74 - - 1 2 27 24 Virginia ..........: - - 100 100 - - - - Washington ........: 14 14 - - - - 86 86 West Virginia 1/ ..: 9 (NA) 90 (NA) - (NA) 1 (NA) Wisconsin .........: 3 2 97 98 - - - - Wyoming ...........: 86 97 - - 14 3 - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2019. Other Spring Wheat (excluding Durum) Production Distribution by Class - States: 2018 and 2019 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hard red : Hard white : Soft white State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2018 : 2019 : 2018 : 2019 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Colorado 1/ ...: 66 (NA) 15 (NA) 19 (NA) Idaho .........: 50 40 31 29 19 31 Minnesota .....: 100 100 - - - - Montana .......: 100 100 - - - - Nevada 1/ .....: 6 (NA) 4 (NA) 90 (NA) North Dakota ..: 100 100 - - - - Oregon 1/ .....: 66 (NA) 1 (NA) 33 (NA) South Dakota ..: 100 100 - - - - Utah 1/ .......: 57 (NA) 4 (NA) 39 (NA) Washington ....: 54 27 1 2 45 71 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2019. Winter Wheat Head Population The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in 10 winter wheat estimating States during 2019. Randomly selected plots in winter wheat fields were visited monthly from May through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey. Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot - Selected States: 2015-2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Colorado : July ................: 51.1 43.0 43.4 40.6 49.3 August ..............: 49.3 43.6 43.2 41.0 50.8 Final ...............: 49.3 43.6 43.2 41.0 50.8 : Illinois : July ................: 56.7 57.4 56.4 60.9 48.1 August ..............: 56.9 57.3 56.4 60.9 49.2 Final ...............: 56.9 57.3 56.4 60.9 49.2 : Kansas : July ................: 43.1 54.7 44.3 37.3 46.9 August ..............: 43.1 54.7 44.6 37.3 47.2 Final ...............: 43.1 54.7 44.6 37.3 47.2 : Missouri : July ................: 52.5 53.7 53.9 53.7 56.4 August ..............: 52.5 53.7 53.9 53.7 56.4 Final ...............: 52.5 53.7 53.9 53.7 56.4 : Montana : July ................: 48.9 54.6 44.4 44.1 45.2 August ..............: 47.7 55.2 46.2 44.8 43.5 Final ...............: 47.7 55.2 46.2 44.7 43.1 : Nebraska : July ................: 47.9 60.2 52.5 50.5 53.1 August ..............: 47.6 60.3 53.3 50.4 53.7 Final ...............: 47.6 60.3 53.3 50.4 53.7 : Ohio : July ................: 51.0 58.0 58.2 70.3 52.0 August ..............: 51.2 58.0 58.2 70.3 53.0 Final ...............: 51.2 58.0 58.2 70.3 53.0 : Oklahoma : July ................: 39.6 41.8 35.7 32.9 38.1 August ..............: 39.4 41.8 35.7 32.4 38.1 Final ...............: 39.4 41.8 35.7 32.4 38.1 : Texas : July ................: 34.3 34.4 26.6 30.9 34.3 August ..............: 34.3 34.4 26.8 30.9 34.3 Final ...............: 34.2 34.5 26.8 31.1 34.5 : Washington : July ................: 31.3 36.1 34.3 41.8 34.2 August ..............: 31.3 35.3 35.8 42.3 34.3 Final ...............: 31.3 35.5 35.7 42.3 34.6 : 10 State : July ................: 42.8 48.3 41.2 40.1 44.0 August ..............: 42.4 48.4 41.7 40.1 44.1 Final ...............: 42.4 48.4 41.7 40.2 44.2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rye Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2017-2019 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Georgia 2/ .....: 210 190 (D) 25 15 (D) Minnesota ......: (D) (D) 50 (D) (D) 18 North Dakota ...: (D) (D) 85 (D) (D) 57 Oklahoma .......: 260 240 260 45 50 55 Pennsylvania ...: (D) (D) 100 (D) (D) 14 Wisconsin ......: (D) (D) 220 (D) (D) 20 : Other States 3/ : 1,491 1,581 1,150 230 208 146 : United States ..: 1,961 2,011 1,865 300 273 310 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------- bushels --------- ------- 1,000 bushels ------ : Georgia 2/ .....: 19.0 26.0 (D) 475 390 (D) Minnesota ......: (D) (D) 39.0 (D) (D) 702 North Dakota ...: (D) (D) 45.0 (D) (D) 2,565 Oklahoma .......: 24.0 22.0 27.0 1,080 1,100 1,485 Pennsylvania ...: (D) (D) 26.0 (D) (D) 364 Wisconsin ......: (D) (D) 34.0 (D) (D) 680 : Other States 3/ : 37.8 33.4 33.1 8,697 6,942 4,826 : United States ..: 34.2 30.9 34.3 10,252 8,432 10,622 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2/ Beginning in 2019, estimates included in Other States. 3/ In 2017 and 2018, Other States include Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Beginning in 2019, Other States include Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, South Dakota, and Texas. Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2018-2019 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2018 : 2019 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Barley .........: 2,548 2,721 1,982 2,214 Oats ...........: 2,746 2,810 865 842 Rye ............: 2,011 1,865 273 310 Wheat, all .....: 47,815 45,158 39,612 38,052 Winter ........: 32,542 31,159 24,742 24,327 Durum .........: 2,073 1,339 1,974 1,290 Other spring ..: 13,200 12,660 12,896 12,435 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2018 : 2019 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- bushels ----- ----- 1,000 bushels ---- : Barley ........: 77.5 77.4 153,527 171,343 Oats ..........: 64.9 64.4 56,130 54,194 Rye ...........: 30.9 34.3 8,432 10,622 Wheat, all ....: 47.6 51.6 1,885,156 1,961,734 Winter .......: 47.9 53.6 1,183,939 1,304,003 Durum ........: 39.5 44.8 77,985 57,741 Other spring .: 48.3 48.3 623,232 599,990 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2018-2019 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2018 : 2019 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Barley ........: 1,031,150 1,101,160 802,100 895,980 Oats ..........: 1,111,280 1,137,180 350,060 340,750 Rye ...........: 813,830 754,750 110,480 125,450 Wheat, all ....: 19,350,250 18,274,990 16,030,580 15,399,260 Winter .......: 13,169,420 12,609,740 10,012,840 9,844,890 Durum ........: 838,920 541,880 798,860 522,050 Other spring .: 5,341,910 5,123,380 5,218,880 5,032,320 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2018 : 2019 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Barley ........: 4.17 4.16 3,342,660 3,730,550 Oats ..........: 2.33 2.31 814,720 786,620 Rye ...........: 1.94 2.15 214,180 269,810 Wheat, all ....: 3.20 3.47 51,305,540 53,389,650 Winter .......: 3.22 3.60 32,221,540 35,489,150 Durum ........: 2.66 3.01 2,122,400 1,571,450 Other spring .: 3.25 3.24 16,961,600 16,329,050 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop Comments Oats: Production was estimated at 54.2 million bushels, up 1 percent from 2018 for comparable States. Yield was estimated at 64.4 bushels per acre, down 0.9 bushel from the previous year for comparable States. Harvested area, at 842,000 acres, was 2 percent above last year for comparable States. Record low acres were harvested in Arkansas, California, Georgia, Illinois, Maine, Missouri, and North Carolina. Record high yields were estimated in Idaho and North Dakota. Nationally, oat producers had seeded 50 percent of the 2019 acreage by May 5, four percentage points behind the previous year and 22 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Fifty-three percent of the oat acreage had emerged by May 19, eleven percentage points behind the previous year and 23 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Heading of the oat acreage advanced to 58 percent complete by June 30, twenty-two percentage points behind the previous year and 23 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Oat producers had harvested 32 percent of the acreage by August 4, seventeen percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. At that time, harvest progress was at or behind the 5-year average in 8 of the 9 weekly Crop Progress estimating States. Eighty-four percent of the Nation's oat acreage was harvested by September 1, nine percentage points behind the previous year and 7 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Beginning in 2019, oat estimates were discontinued in Alabama, Colorado, South Carolina, Washington, and Wyoming. Barley: Production was estimated at 171 million bushels, up 12 percent from the revised 2018 total of 154 million bushels. The average yield, at 77.4 bushels per acre, was down 0.1 bushel from the previous year. Producers seeded 2.72 million acres in 2019, up 7 percent from 2018. Harvested area, at 2.21 million acres, was up 12 percent from 2018. Record high yields were estimated in Oregon, Utah, and Wyoming. Two percent of the Nation's barley was planted by April 7, one percentage point behind the previous year and 7 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationwide, barley producers had seeded 28 percent of the Nation's acreage by April 28, four percentage points ahead of the previous year but 13 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By April 28, emergence was evident in 6 percent of the Nation's barley acreage, equal to the previous year but 9 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationally, 94 percent of the barley acreage was sown by June 2, two percentage points behind the previous year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Seventy-three percent of the barley acreage had emerged by June 2, seven percentage points behind the previous year and 12 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Heading of the Nation's barley acreage advanced to 55 percent complete by July 7, nineteen percentage points behind the previous year and 20 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By August 4, barley producers had harvested 3 percent of the Nation's acreage, 11 percentage points behind the previous year and 15 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Overall, 74 percent of the barley acreage was reported in good to excellent condition on August 11, compared with 81 percent at the same time last year. By September 22, ninety-two percent of the barley acreage was harvested, 7 percentage points behind both the previous year and 5-year average. Winter wheat: Winter wheat production for 2019 totaled 1.30 billion bushels, up 10 percent from the revised 2018 total of 1.18 billion bushels. The United States yield, at 53.6 bushels per acre, was up 5.7 bushels from 2018. Area harvested for grain was estimated at a record low 24.3 million acres, down 2 percent from the previous year. Record high yields were estimated in Colorado, Maryland, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, and Wyoming for 2019. Compared with 2018, harvested acreage was up 1 percent, or 185,000 acres, in the major Hard Red Winter (HRW) growing States, the primary winter wheat producing area. As a result of the increased harvested acreage and higher yields in 2019, HRW production totaled 833 million bushels, up 26 percent from 2018. In the Soft Red Winter (SRW) growing area, planted and harvested acreage decreased from 2018. SRW production totaled 239 million bushels, down 16 percent from 2018. White winter production totaled 232 million bushels, down 2 percent from the previous year. Harvested acreage in the Pacific Northwest (Idaho, Oregon, and Washington) was up 3 percent from 2018. Yields were up in Oregon but down in Idaho and Washington compared with last year. Seeding of the 2019 winter wheat acreage began in early September with 5 percent of the intended 2019 acreage sown by September 9, equal to both the previous year and the 5-year average. Winter wheat planting progress was most advanced in the Pacific Northwest as of September 9. By the end of September, producers had sown 43 percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage, 9 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationwide, 14 percent of the winter wheat crop was emerged by September 30, four percentage points ahead of the previous year but unchanged from the 5-year average. Emergence was at or behind the 5-year average pace in 11 of the 18 weekly Crop Progress estimating States. By October 7, producers had sown 57 percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage, 11 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By October 28, producers had sown 78 percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage, 5 percentage points behind the previous year and 7 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Winter wheat planting was nearing completion in 6 of the 18 weekly Crop Progress estimating States at that time. Nationally, emergence was 63 percent complete by October 28, unchanged from the previous year but 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Overall, 53 percent of the 2019 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition on October 28, compared with 52 percent at the same time the previous year. By November 4, producers had sown 84 percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage, 6 percentage points behind both the previous year and the 5-year average. Nationally, emergence was 70 percent complete by November 4, four percentage points behind the previous year and 7 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Overall, 51 percent of the 2019 winter wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on November 4, 2018, four percentage points below the same time the previous year. By November 25, winter wheat planting was complete or nearing completion in all weekly Crop Progress estimating States except Arkansas, California, Missouri, and North Carolina, with 95 percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage sown, 4 percentage points behind both the previous year and the 5-year average. Nationally, winter wheat emergence was 86 percent complete by November 25, five percentage points behind the previous year and 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Overall, 55 percent of the 2019 winter wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on November 25, five percentage points above the same time the previous year. On March 31, fifty-six percent of the 2019 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, compared with 32 percent at the same time last year. By April 7, three percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage had reached the headed stage, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Sixty percent of the 2019 winter wheat acres was reported in good to excellent condition as of April 7, thirty percentage points above the same time last year. In Kansas, the largest winter wheat-producing State, 58 percent of the acreage was rated in good to excellent condition at that time. In Texas, where areas of the State had been abnormally to moderately dry, 47 percent of the winter wheat acreage was in rated good to excellent condition. By May 12, forty-two percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage had reached the headed stage, 1 percentage point behind last year and 12 percentage points behind the 5-year average. For the week ending May 12, sixty-four percent of the 2019 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 28 percentage points above the same time last year. In Kansas, 56 percent of the winter wheat crop was rated in good to excellent condition at that time, a decrease of 2 percentage point from the previous week. As of June 2, seventy-six percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage had reached the headed stage, 6 percentage points behind last year and 8 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Heading progress was behind by 30 percentage points or more compared with the 5-year average in Michigan, Nebraska, and South Dakota at that time. On June 2, sixty-four percent of the 2019 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 27 percentage points above the same time last year. Harvest of the 2019 acreage began in early June with eight percent harvested by June 16, seventeen percentage points behind last year and 12 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Harvest was at or behind the 5-year average in all of the weekly Crop Progress estimating States at that time. By June 30, ninety-seven percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage had reached the headed stage, 3 percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. Twenty-eight percent of Kansas's winter wheat acreage was harvested by June 30, forty percentage points behind last year and 33 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On June 30, sixty-three percent of the 2019 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 26 percentage points above the same time last year. Forty-seven percent of the 2019 winter wheat acreage was harvested by July 7, fourteen percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. Eighty-two percent of the 2019 winter wheat acreage was harvested by August 4, seven percentage points behind last year and 10 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Winter wheat harvest progress continued with advances of 16 percentage points or more reported in Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, Oregon, South Dakota, and Washington during the week ending August 4. Harvest of the 2019 acreage was wrapping up by late August. Ninety-six percent was harvested by August 25, four percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Winter wheat harvest progress was complete or nearing completion in all weekly Crop Progress estimating States except Idaho, Montana, South Dakota, and Washington. Beginning in 2019, winter wheat estimates were discontinued in Arizona, Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, Minnesota, Nevada, and West Virginia. Other spring wheat: Production for 2019 was estimated at 600 million bushels, down 4 percent from the 2018 total of 623 million bushels. Harvested area totaled 12.4 million acres, down 4 percent from 2018. The United States yield was estimated at 48.3 bushels per acre, tied with the 2018 record high. A record high yield was estimated in North Dakota for 2019. Of the total production, 559 million bushels were Hard Red Spring wheat, down 5 percent from the 2018 total. Seeding of the 2019 spring wheat acreage began in early April. Spring wheat planting progress was behind the 5-year average pace in all 6 weekly Crop Progress estimating States and planting had not yet begun in the Northern Plains as of April 7. By April 28, thirteen percent of the spring wheat acreage was seeded, 4 percentage points ahead of last year but 20 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Spring wheat planting progress was behind the 5-year average pace in all weekly Crop Progress estimating States at that time. By May 12, forty-five percent of the spring wheat acreage was seeded, 9 percentage points behind last year and 22 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Spring wheat planting progress was behind the 5-year average pace in all weekly Crop Progress estimating States. By May 12, ten percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had emerged, 3 percentage points behind the previous year and 24 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By June 2, ninety-three percent of the spring wheat acreage was seeded, 3 percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. South Dakota was the furthest behind compared with the State's 5-year average pace. Sixty-nine percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had emerged by June 2, nine percentage points behind the previous year and 15 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On June 2, eighty-three percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 13 percentage points above the same time last year. Fifty-six percent of the Nation's spring wheat acres had reached the headed stage by July 7, twenty-two percentage points behind last year and 17 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Based on conditions as of July 7, seventy-eight percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 3 percentage points above the previous week but 2 percentage points below the same time last year. Harvest of the 2019 spring wheat acreage began during the week ending August 4. At that time, two percent of the spring wheat was harvested, 10 percentage points behind last year and 12 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Harvest progress was behind the 5-year average in all 6 weekly Crop Progress estimating States. On August 4, seventy-three percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 1 percentage point below the same time last year. As of September 1, fifty-five percent of the spring wheat acreage was harvested, 31 percentage points behind last year and 23 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On September 1, sixty-seven percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 7 percentage points below the same time last year. By September 22, eighty-seven percent of the spring wheat acreage was harvested, 12 percentage points behind last year and 10 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Spring wheat harvest progress was complete or nearing completion in all weekly Crop Progress estimating States, except Montana and North Dakota. Beginning in 2019, spring wheat estimates were discontinued in Colorado, Nevada, Oregon, and Utah. Durum wheat: Production for 2019 was estimated at 57.7 million bushels, down 26 percent from the revised 2018 total of 78.0 million bushels. Area harvested for grain totaled 1.29 million acres, down 35 percent from the previous year. The United States yield was estimated at a record high 44.8 bushels per acre, up 5.3 bushels from the 2018 yield. Record high yields were estimated in Montana and North Dakota for 2019. Production in North Dakota, the largest Durum wheat-producing State, was down 31 percent from 2018. Declines in production are attributed to declines in harvested acres across the Nation. Harvest began in the two major Durum-wheat producing States of Montana and North Dakota in early August. As of September 22, harvest was 51 percent complete in Montana and 73 percent complete in North Dakota. Beginning in 2019, Durum wheat estimates were discontinued in South Dakota. Rye: Production for 2019 was estimated at 10.6 million bushels, up 41 percent from the 2018 total for comparable States. Harvested area totaled 310,000 acres, up 65,000 acres from 2018 for comparable States. The United States yield, at 34.3 bushels per acre, was up 3.5 bushels from the previous year for comparable States. Beginning in 2019, rye estimates were discontinued in Maine, Maryland, New Jersey, South Carolina, and Virginia. Statistical Methodology Survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted to gather information on small grain acreage, yield, and production. The objective yield survey was conducted in 10 States that accounted for 74 percent of the 2019 winter wheat production. Early in the growing season, farm operators were interviewed to seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. Throughout the growing season, counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were collected from these plots. The plots were revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads were clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator harvested the sample field, enumerators revisited the sample to collect data in order to measure harvesting loss. Data from operators was collected by mail, internet, telephone, or personal interview to obtain information on crop acreage, yield and production for the 2019 crop year. Approximately 63,100 producers were interviewed during the first two weeks of September and asked questions pertaining to planted and harvested area as well as yield and production. Estimating Procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared with previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits an estimate and written analysis for their State to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data, administrative data, and the State analysis to prepare the estimates published in this report. Revision Policy: Estimates contained in this report may be revised in the Crop Production Annual Summary report published in January should new information become available. Previous year acreage, yield, and production estimates can be revised in the Small Grain Summary published the following year, if new information is available that would justify a change. Estimates will also be reviewed after data for the 5-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date. Reliability: The surveys used to make the acreage, yield, and production estimates contained in this report are subject to sampling and non-sampling type errors that are common to all surveys. Reliability of the objective yield and farmer survey must be treated separately because the survey designs for the two surveys are different. The objective yield indications are subject to sampling variability because all acres of winter wheat are not included in the sample. The farm operator survey indications are also subject to sampling variability because all operations with small grains are not included in the sample. This variability, as measured by the relative standard error at the National level, is approximately 1.7 percent for winter wheat, 6.3 percent for Durum wheat, and 4.0 percent for other spring wheat. This means that chances are approximately 95 out of 100 that survey estimates for production will be within plus or minus 3.4 percent for winter wheat, 12.6 percent for Durum wheat, and 8.0 percent for other spring wheat of the value that could be developed by averaging the estimates produced from all possible samples selected from the same population and surveyed using the same procedures. The relative standard errors for barley, oats, and rye are 4.8, 4.9, and 11.3 percent, respectively. Survey indications are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omission, duplication, imputation for missing data, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. These errors cannot be measured directly, but they are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch.............................. (202) 720-2127 Anthony Prillaman, Head, Field Crops Section.................. (202) 720-2127 David Colwell - Current Agricultural Industrial Reports.. (202) 720-8800 Chris Hawthorn- Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet............. (202) 720-9526 James Johanson - County Estimates, Hay................... (202) 690-8533 Jeff Lemmons - Oats, Soybeans............................ (202) 690-3234 Jannety Mosley - Crop Weather, Barley.................... (202) 720-7621 Sammy Neal - Peanuts, Rice............................... (202) 720-7688 Jean Porter - Rye, Wheat................................. (202) 720-8068 Chris Singh - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum................ (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Sunflower, Other Oilseeds............... (202) 720-7369 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS's and other agency's archived reports. The new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. If you need instructions to set up an account or subscribe, they are located at: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist notifications@usda-esmis.library.cornell.edu in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) 690-7442 or email at program.intake@usda.gov.