Cattle ISSN: 1948-9099 Released January 31, 2020, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). January 1 Cattle Inventory Down Slightly All cattle and calves in the United States as of January 1, 2020 totaled 94.4 million head, slightly below the 94.8 million head on January 1, 2019. All cows and heifers that have calved, at 40.7 million head, were 1 percent below the 41.0 million head on January 1, 2019. Beef cows, at 31.3 million head, were down 1 percent from a year ago. Milk cows, at 9.33 million head, were down slightly from the previous year. All heifers 500 pounds and over as of January 1, 2020 totaled 20.1 million head, slightly below the 20.2 million head on January 1, 2019. Beef replacement heifers, at 5.77 million head, were down 2 percent from a year ago. Milk replacement heifers, at 4.64 million head, were down 1 percent from the previous year. Other heifers, at 9.71 million head, were 1 percent above a year earlier. Steers weighing 500 pounds and over as of January 1, 2020 totaled 16.7 million head, down 1 percent from January 1, 2019. Bulls weighing 500 pounds and over as of January 1, 2020 totaled 2.24 million head, down 1 percent from January 1, 2019. Calves under 500 pounds as of January 1, 2020 totaled 14.7 million head, up 1 percent from January 1, 2019. Cattle and calves on feed for the slaughter market in the United States for all feedlots totaled 14.7 million head on January 1, 2020. The inventory is up 2 percent from the January 1, 2019 total of 14.4 million head. Cattle on feed in feedlots with capacity of 1,000 or more head accounted for 81.5 percent of the total cattle on feed on January 1, 2020, up slightly from the previous year. The combined total of calves under 500 pounds and other heifers and steers over 500 pounds (outside of feedlots) at 26.4 million head, was slightly below January 1, 2019. Calf Crop Down 1 Percent The 2019 calf crop in the United States was estimated at 36.1 million head, down 1 percent from last year's calf crop. Calves born during the first half of 2019 were estimated at 26.4 million head, down slightly from the first half of 2018. Calves born during the second half of 2019 were estimated at 9.71 million head, 27 percent of the total 2019 calf crop. Revisions All inventory and calf crop estimates for July 1, 2018, January 1, 2019, and July 1, 2019 were reviewed using calf crop, official slaughter, import and export data, and the relationship of new survey information to the prior surveys. Based on the findings of this review, July 1, 2018 all cattle and calves decreased by 0.2 percent. January 1, 2019 all cattle and calves increased slightly, all cows and heifers that have calved decreased by 0.2 percent, and 2018 calf crop decreased by 0.2 percent. July 1, 2019 all cattle and calves were decreased by 0.1 percent, all cows and heifers that have calved decreased by 0.2 percent, and 2019 calf crop decreased by 0.7 percent. State level estimates were reviewed and changes were made to reallocate inventory estimates to the United States total. This report was approved on January 31, 2020. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Robert Johansson Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Joseph L. Parsons Contents Cattle Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: January 1, 2019 and 2020.. 4 All Cattle and Calves Inventory - United States: January 1......................... 4 Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2019 and 2020..... 5 Calf Crop - States and United States: 2018 and 2019................................ 9 All Cattle on Feed Inventory- States and United States: January 1, 2019 and 2020... 10 Cattle Grazing on Small Grain Pasture - 3-State Total: January 1, 2019 and 2020.... 11 Cattle Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: July 1, 2018 and 2019..... 11 Calf Crop by Period - United States: 2018 and 2019................................. 11 Statistical Methodology............................................................ 12 Reliability of January 1 Cattle Estimates.......................................... 13 Information Contacts............................................................... 13 Cattle Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: January 1, 2019 and 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of Class : 2019 : 2020 :previous year -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 head ----- percent : All cattle and calves ...................: 94,804.7 94,413.3 100 : All cows and heifers that have calved ...: 41,044.1 40,651.3 99 Beef cows .............................: 31,690.7 31,316.7 99 Milk cows .............................: 9,353.4 9,334.6 100 : All heifers 500 pounds and over .........: 20,210.0 20,114.4 100 For beef cow replacement ..............: 5,884.9 5,771.9 98 Expected to calve 1/ ................: 3,528.9 3,499.4 99 For milk cow replacement ..............: 4,701.5 4,637.0 99 Expected to calve 1/ ................: 3,005.7 2,931.4 98 Other heifers .........................: 9,623.6 9,705.5 101 : Steers 500 pounds and over ..............: 16,757.7 16,671.2 99 Bulls 500 pounds and over ...............: 2,253.0 2,237.4 99 Calves under 500 pounds .................: 14,539.9 14,739.0 101 : All cattle on feed ......................: 14,367.9 14,667.7 102 : :-------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of : 2018 : 2019 :previous year :-------------------------------------------- Calf crop ...............................: 36,312.7 36,059.6 99 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Replacement heifers expected to calve during the year. Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2019 and 2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All cattle and calves : All cows and heifers that have calved :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : Percent of : : : Percent of : 2019 : 2020 :previous year : 2019 : 2020 :previous year --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 head ----- percent ------ 1,000 head ----- percent : Alabama .......: 1,300.0 1,310.0 101 710.0 700.0 99 Alaska ........: 16.0 17.0 106 7.0 8.0 114 Arizona .......: 1,020.0 970.0 95 420.0 395.0 94 Arkansas ......: 1,780.0 1,740.0 98 940.0 920.0 98 California ....: 5,150.0 5,200.0 101 2,360.0 2,390.0 101 Colorado ......: 2,850.0 2,800.0 98 970.0 960.0 99 Connecticut ...: 47.0 49.0 104 24.0 25.0 104 Delaware ......: 15.0 15.0 100 6.5 6.0 92 Florida .......: 1,680.0 1,680.0 100 1,030.0 1,020.0 99 Georgia .......: 1,070.0 1,100.0 103 580.0 600.0 103 : Hawaii ........: 142.0 140.0 99 77.0 76.0 99 Idaho .........: 2,500.0 2,490.0 100 1,120.0 1,130.0 101 Illinois ......: 1,190.0 1,100.0 92 490.0 460.0 94 Indiana .......: 880.0 840.0 95 385.0 370.0 96 Iowa ..........: 3,950.0 3,900.0 99 1,150.0 1,120.0 97 Kansas ........: 6,400.0 6,450.0 101 1,690.0 1,600.0 95 Kentucky ......: 2,130.0 2,130.0 100 1,070.0 1,070.0 100 Louisiana .....: 800.0 780.0 98 470.0 460.0 98 Maine .........: 78.0 80.0 103 40.0 39.0 98 Maryland ......: 197.0 179.0 91 94.0 89.0 95 : Massachusetts .: 37.0 34.0 92 17.5 15.5 89 Michigan ......: 1,160.0 1,150.0 99 530.0 520.0 98 Minnesota .....: 2,320.0 2,280.0 98 820.0 800.0 98 Mississippi ...: 900.0 920.0 102 485.0 490.0 101 Missouri ......: 4,250.0 4,350.0 102 2,140.0 2,160.0 101 Montana .......: 2,500.0 2,500.0 100 1,460.0 1,440.0 99 Nebraska ......: 6,800.0 6,800.0 100 2,000.0 1,980.0 99 Nevada ........: 470.0 480.0 102 275.0 280.0 102 New Hampshire .: 33.0 32.0 97 16.0 15.0 94 New Jersey ....: 30.0 28.0 93 15.0 14.0 93 : New Mexico ....: 1,480.0 1,450.0 98 805.0 810.0 101 New York ......: 1,450.0 1,470.0 101 730.0 730.0 100 North Carolina : 800.0 810.0 101 410.0 410.0 100 North Dakota ..: 1,830.0 1,900.0 104 990.0 1,010.0 102 Ohio ..........: 1,310.0 1,290.0 98 560.0 550.0 98 Oklahoma ......: 5,300.0 5,200.0 98 2,190.0 2,140.0 98 Oregon ........: 1,310.0 1,280.0 98 660.0 660.0 100 Pennsylvania ..: 1,600.0 1,530.0 96 730.0 700.0 96 Rhode Island ..: 4.7 4.3 91 2.1 1.8 86 South Carolina : 350.0 340.0 97 200.0 190.0 95 : South Dakota ..: 4,050.0 3,900.0 96 1,940.0 1,900.0 98 Tennessee .....: 1,800.0 1,810.0 101 950.0 940.0 99 Texas .........: 13,000.0 13,000.0 100 5,200.0 5,150.0 99 Utah ..........: 810.0 820.0 101 440.0 455.0 103 Vermont .......: 255.0 250.0 98 140.0 137.0 98 Virginia ......: 1,440.0 1,450.0 101 710.0 700.0 99 Washington ....: 1,180.0 1,200.0 102 510.0 510.0 100 West Virginia .: 390.0 395.0 101 205.0 205.0 100 Wisconsin .....: 3,450.0 3,450.0 100 1,560.0 1,570.0 101 Wyoming .......: 1,300.0 1,320.0 102 720.0 730.0 101 : United States .: 94,804.7 94,413.3 100 41,044.1 40,651.3 99 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2019 and 2020 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Beef cows that have calved : Milk cows that have calved :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : Percent of : : : Percent of : 2019 : 2020 :previous year : 2019 : 2020 :previous year --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 head ----- percent ----- 1,000 head ----- percent : Alabama .......: 705.0 696.0 99 5.0 4.0 80 Alaska ........: 6.8 7.7 113 0.2 0.3 150 Arizona .......: 215.0 202.0 94 205.0 193.0 94 Arkansas ......: 935.0 915.0 98 5.0 5.0 100 California ....: 630.0 665.0 106 1,730.0 1,725.0 100 Colorado ......: 792.0 771.0 97 178.0 189.0 106 Connecticut ...: 4.5 5.5 122 19.5 19.5 100 Delaware ......: 2.0 2.2 110 4.5 3.8 84 Florida .......: 914.0 904.0 99 116.0 116.0 100 Georgia .......: 499.0 519.0 104 81.0 81.0 100 : Hawaii ........: 75.5 75.3 100 1.5 0.7 47 Idaho .........: 506.0 495.0 98 614.0 635.0 103 Illinois ......: 405.0 378.0 93 85.0 82.0 96 Indiana .......: 204.0 194.0 95 181.0 176.0 97 Iowa ..........: 930.0 905.0 97 220.0 215.0 98 Kansas ........: 1,529.0 1,433.0 94 161.0 167.0 104 Kentucky ......: 1,017.0 1,021.0 100 53.0 49.0 92 Louisiana .....: 459.0 450.0 98 11.0 10.0 91 Maine .........: 11.0 11.0 100 29.0 28.0 97 Maryland ......: 50.0 47.0 94 44.0 42.0 95 : Massachusetts .: 7.0 5.5 79 10.5 10.0 95 Michigan ......: 108.0 93.0 86 422.0 427.0 101 Minnesota .....: 370.0 355.0 96 450.0 445.0 99 Mississippi ...: 477.0 482.0 101 8.0 8.0 100 Missouri ......: 2,059.0 2,083.0 101 81.0 77.0 95 Montana .......: 1,448.0 1,428.0 99 12.0 12.0 100 Nebraska ......: 1,941.0 1,922.0 99 59.0 58.0 98 Nevada ........: 242.0 249.0 103 33.0 31.0 94 New Hampshire .: 4.0 4.0 100 12.0 11.0 92 New Jersey ....: 9.5 9.3 98 5.5 4.7 85 : New Mexico ....: 480.0 480.0 100 325.0 330.0 102 New York ......: 105.0 105.0 100 625.0 625.0 100 North Carolina : 367.0 369.0 101 43.0 41.0 95 North Dakota ..: 975.0 995.0 102 15.0 15.0 100 Ohio ..........: 307.0 298.0 97 253.0 252.0 100 Oklahoma ......: 2,150.0 2,099.0 98 40.0 41.0 103 Oregon ........: 535.0 533.0 100 125.0 127.0 102 Pennsylvania ..: 225.0 220.0 98 505.0 480.0 95 Rhode Island ..: 1.4 1.2 86 0.7 0.6 86 South Carolina : 186.0 179.0 96 14.0 11.0 79 : South Dakota ..: 1,818.0 1,773.0 98 122.0 127.0 104 Tennessee .....: 914.0 909.0 99 36.0 31.0 86 Texas .........: 4,655.0 4,570.0 98 545.0 580.0 106 Utah ..........: 340.0 358.0 105 100.0 97.0 97 Vermont .......: 14.0 13.0 93 126.0 124.0 98 Virginia ......: 631.0 626.0 99 79.0 74.0 94 Washington ....: 230.0 228.0 99 280.0 282.0 101 West Virginia .: 198.0 199.0 101 7.0 6.0 86 Wisconsin .....: 290.0 310.0 107 1,270.0 1,260.0 99 Wyoming .......: 714.0 724.0 101 6.0 6.0 100 : United States .: 31,690.7 31,316.7 99 9,353.4 9,334.6 100 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2019 and 2020 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All heifers 500 pounds and over :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Beef cow replacement : Milk cow replacement : Other :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Alabama .......: 116.0 114.0 2.0 2.0 37.0 44.0 Alaska ........: 1.4 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.4 Arizona .......: 35.0 30.0 115.0 110.0 20.0 15.0 Arkansas ......: 156.0 150.0 4.0 3.0 75.0 70.0 California ....: 115.0 120.0 760.0 750.0 215.0 200.0 Colorado ......: 170.0 165.0 110.0 115.0 570.0 580.0 Connecticut ...: 1.5 2.0 9.0 9.5 1.5 1.5 Delaware ......: 0.6 0.7 1.6 1.8 0.3 0.5 Florida .......: 130.0 130.0 35.0 35.0 25.0 25.0 Georgia .......: 90.0 90.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 : Hawaii ........: 11.5 11.0 1.0 1.0 5.0 5.0 Idaho .........: 110.0 120.0 340.0 330.0 220.0 210.0 Illinois ......: 70.0 60.0 45.0 45.0 95.0 90.0 Indiana .......: 45.0 41.0 80.0 70.0 50.0 45.0 Iowa ..........: 155.0 145.0 125.0 115.0 560.0 620.0 Kansas ........: 280.0 250.0 170.0 140.0 1,420.0 1,570.0 Kentucky ......: 120.0 125.0 45.0 40.0 130.0 115.0 Louisiana .....: 83.0 82.0 4.0 3.0 23.0 20.0 Maine .........: 3.0 3.5 14.0 14.0 3.0 3.5 Maryland ......: 13.0 11.0 30.0 26.0 8.0 8.0 : Massachusetts .: 2.0 2.0 6.5 6.5 1.0 1.0 Michigan ......: 25.0 23.0 160.0 170.0 40.0 37.0 Minnesota .....: 95.0 95.0 255.0 225.0 170.0 170.0 Mississippi ...: 90.0 90.0 5.0 5.0 40.0 43.0 Missouri ......: 335.0 335.0 40.0 35.0 205.0 230.0 Montana .......: 380.0 390.0 8.0 5.0 232.0 230.0 Nebraska ......: 365.0 370.0 15.0 30.0 1,530.0 1,510.0 Nevada ........: 42.0 44.0 11.0 10.0 29.0 33.0 New Hampshire .: 1.3 1.3 6.5 6.5 0.7 0.7 New Jersey ....: 2.5 2.2 3.3 3.1 0.7 1.2 : New Mexico ....: 95.0 80.0 125.0 140.0 85.0 85.0 New York ......: 40.0 40.0 335.0 345.0 45.0 40.0 North Carolina : 60.0 63.0 20.0 18.0 20.0 23.0 North Dakota ..: 197.0 182.0 8.0 8.0 210.0 240.0 Ohio ..........: 70.0 65.0 125.0 120.0 55.0 60.0 Oklahoma ......: 400.0 370.0 20.0 20.0 520.0 540.0 Oregon ........: 110.0 105.0 65.0 70.0 115.0 120.0 Pennsylvania ..: 65.0 60.0 290.0 275.0 55.0 55.0 Rhode Island ..: 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 South Carolina : 37.0 26.0 5.0 4.0 8.0 11.0 : South Dakota ..: 385.0 360.0 40.0 45.0 550.0 460.0 Tennessee .....: 145.0 125.0 25.0 25.0 75.0 85.0 Texas .........: 740.0 770.0 260.0 270.0 1,690.0 1,610.0 Utah ..........: 70.0 85.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 60.0 Vermont .......: 4.5 4.5 55.0 55.0 6.5 5.5 Virginia ......: 93.0 93.0 37.0 33.0 61.0 64.0 Washington ....: 57.0 55.0 123.0 125.0 120.0 135.0 West Virginia .: 32.0 34.0 3.0 3.0 20.0 22.0 Wisconsin .....: 80.0 90.0 680.0 690.0 60.0 50.0 Wyoming .......: 160.0 160.0 4.0 4.0 126.0 126.0 : United States .: 5,884.9 5,771.9 4,701.5 4,637.0 9,623.6 9,705.5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2019 and 2020 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Steers : Bulls : Calves : 500 pounds and over : 500 pounds and over : under 500 pounds State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Alabama .......: 45.0 50.0 45.0 50.0 345.0 350.0 Alaska ........: 0.7 0.6 3.0 3.9 3.1 2.8 Arizona .......: 295.0 275.0 20.0 20.0 115.0 125.0 Arkansas ......: 115.0 120.0 60.0 62.0 430.0 415.0 California ....: 610.0 630.0 60.0 60.0 1,030.0 1,050.0 Colorado ......: 830.0 790.0 55.0 55.0 145.0 135.0 Connecticut ...: 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 9.0 9.0 Delaware ......: 2.6 2.6 0.4 0.4 3.0 3.0 Florida .......: 20.0 25.0 60.0 55.0 380.0 390.0 Georgia .......: 37.0 43.0 33.0 32.0 270.0 270.0 : Hawaii ........: 10.5 10.0 4.0 4.0 33.0 33.0 Idaho .........: 320.0 310.0 40.0 40.0 350.0 350.0 Illinois ......: 245.0 240.0 25.0 20.0 220.0 185.0 Indiana .......: 115.0 113.0 17.0 16.0 188.0 185.0 Iowa ..........: 1,390.0 1,320.0 70.0 60.0 500.0 520.0 Kansas ........: 2,060.0 2,100.0 95.0 85.0 685.0 705.0 Kentucky ......: 225.0 220.0 70.0 70.0 470.0 490.0 Louisiana .....: 27.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 163.0 160.0 Maine .........: 4.0 5.0 1.5 1.5 12.5 13.5 Maryland ......: 14.0 11.5 5.0 3.5 33.0 30.0 : Massachusetts .: 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 7.0 6.0 Michigan ......: 180.0 175.0 15.0 15.0 210.0 210.0 Minnesota .....: 485.0 520.0 35.0 30.0 460.0 440.0 Mississippi ...: 52.0 58.0 38.0 39.0 190.0 195.0 Missouri ......: 395.0 420.0 125.0 120.0 1,010.0 1,050.0 Montana .......: 240.0 250.0 100.0 105.0 80.0 80.0 Nebraska ......: 2,380.0 2,390.0 110.0 120.0 400.0 400.0 Nevada ........: 39.0 40.0 15.0 15.0 59.0 58.0 New Hampshire .: 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 6.5 6.5 New Jersey ....: 2.5 2.0 1.0 1.0 5.0 4.5 : New Mexico ....: 130.0 105.0 35.0 30.0 205.0 200.0 New York ......: 47.0 55.0 18.0 20.0 235.0 240.0 North Carolina : 35.0 40.0 30.0 31.0 225.0 225.0 North Dakota ..: 255.0 275.0 65.0 70.0 105.0 115.0 Ohio ..........: 215.0 220.0 30.0 30.0 255.0 245.0 Oklahoma ......: 1,050.0 1,020.0 180.0 170.0 940.0 940.0 Oregon ........: 160.0 145.0 40.0 40.0 160.0 140.0 Pennsylvania ..: 135.0 130.0 25.0 20.0 300.0 290.0 Rhode Island ..: 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.7 South Carolina : 10.0 12.0 14.0 13.0 76.0 84.0 : South Dakota ..: 730.0 710.0 105.0 110.0 300.0 315.0 Tennessee .....: 130.0 155.0 65.0 60.0 410.0 420.0 Texas .........: 2,720.0 2,660.0 340.0 350.0 2,050.0 2,190.0 Utah ..........: 85.0 80.0 25.0 25.0 75.0 65.0 Vermont .......: 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 42.0 41.0 Virginia ......: 155.0 165.0 39.0 40.0 345.0 355.0 Washington ....: 200.0 205.0 20.0 20.0 150.0 150.0 West Virginia .: 42.0 44.0 14.0 15.0 74.0 72.0 Wisconsin .....: 360.0 340.0 30.0 30.0 680.0 680.0 Wyoming .......: 150.0 155.0 40.0 45.0 100.0 100.0 : United States .: 16,757.7 16,671.2 2,253.0 2,237.4 14,539.9 14,739.0 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Calf Crop - States and United States: 2018 and 2019 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of State : 2018 : 2019 : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- 1,000 head -------- percent : Alabama ................................: 620.0 620.0 100 Alaska .................................: 5.0 5.0 100 Arizona ................................: 320.0 300.0 94 Arkansas ...............................: 800.0 790.0 99 California .............................: 1,860.0 1,880.0 101 Colorado ...............................: 840.0 830.0 99 Connecticut ............................: 16.5 17.5 106 Delaware ...............................: 6.0 6.0 100 Florida ................................: 820.0 810.0 99 Georgia ................................: 510.0 530.0 104 : Hawaii .................................: 60.0 60.0 100 Idaho ..................................: 960.0 980.0 102 Illinois ...............................: 430.0 405.0 94 Indiana ................................: 350.0 335.0 96 Iowa ...................................: 1,110.0 1,080.0 97 Kansas .................................: 1,500.0 1,450.0 97 Kentucky ...............................: 970.0 980.0 101 Louisiana ..............................: 360.0 355.0 99 Maine ..................................: 29.0 30.0 103 Maryland ...............................: 75.0 68.0 91 : Massachusetts ..........................: 16.0 15.5 97 Michigan ...............................: 420.0 410.0 98 Minnesota ..............................: 800.0 780.0 98 Mississippi ............................: 385.0 390.0 101 Missouri ...............................: 1,940.0 1,980.0 102 Montana ................................: 1,440.0 1,420.0 99 Nebraska ...............................: 1,790.0 1,800.0 101 Nevada .................................: 220.0 230.0 105 New Hampshire ..........................: 12.0 12.5 104 New Jersey .............................: 10.0 10.0 100 : New Mexico .............................: 620.0 630.0 102 New York ...............................: 550.0 570.0 104 North Carolina .........................: 365.0 370.0 101 North Dakota ...........................: 940.0 970.0 103 Ohio ...................................: 490.0 485.0 99 Oklahoma ...............................: 2,050.0 1,920.0 94 Oregon .................................: 620.0 610.0 98 Pennsylvania ...........................: 610.0 590.0 97 Rhode Island ...........................: 2.2 2.1 95 South Carolina .........................: 164.0 155.0 95 : South Dakota ...........................: 1,880.0 1,830.0 97 Tennessee ..............................: 860.0 870.0 101 Texas ..................................: 4,650.0 4,600.0 99 Utah ...................................: 385.0 400.0 104 Vermont ................................: 102.0 103.0 101 Virginia ...............................: 630.0 630.0 100 Washington .............................: 440.0 440.0 100 West Virginia ..........................: 190.0 195.0 103 Wisconsin ..............................: 1,420.0 1,440.0 101 Wyoming ................................: 670.0 670.0 100 : United States ..........................: 36,312.7 36,059.6 99 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All Cattle on Feed Inventory- States and United States: January 1, 2019 and 2020 [Cattle and calves on feed are steers and heifers being fed a ration of grain, silage, hay, and/or protein supplement for slaughter market that are expected to produce a carcass that will grade select or better. It excludes cattle being "backgrounded only" for later sale as feeders or later placement in another feedlot. Cattle and calves on feed are included in the cattle inventory estimates by class] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of State : 2019 : 2020 : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- 1,000 head -------- percent : Arizona ................................: 297.0 255.0 86 California .............................: 535.0 540.0 101 Colorado ...............................: 1,050.0 1,120.0 107 Idaho ..................................: 295.0 310.0 105 Illinois ...............................: 250.0 240.0 96 Indiana ................................: 100.0 105.0 105 Iowa ...................................: 1,320.0 1,290.0 98 Kansas .................................: 2,430.0 2,580.0 106 Kentucky ...............................: 16.0 17.0 106 Maryland ...............................: 9.0 6.0 67 : Michigan ...............................: 150.0 165.0 110 Minnesota ..............................: 410.0 400.0 98 Missouri ...............................: 100.0 110.0 110 Montana ................................: 40.0 50.0 125 Nebraska ...............................: 2,750.0 2,600.0 95 Nevada .................................: 4.0 3.0 75 New York ...............................: 22.0 22.0 100 North Dakota ...........................: 59.0 42.0 71 Ohio ...................................: 150.0 170.0 113 Oklahoma ...............................: 330.0 340.0 103 : Oregon .................................: 90.0 95.0 106 Pennsylvania ...........................: 100.0 100.0 100 South Dakota ...........................: 425.0 440.0 104 Texas ..................................: 2,750.0 2,980.0 108 Utah ...................................: 23.0 20.0 87 Virginia ...............................: 15.0 20.0 133 Washington .............................: 230.0 240.0 104 West Virginia ..........................: 4.0 4.0 100 Wisconsin ..............................: 280.0 250.0 89 Wyoming ................................: 65.0 70.0 108 : Other States 1/ ........................: 68.9 83.7 121 : United States ..........................: 14,367.9 14,667.7 102 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual state estimates not available for states not shown, but are included in Other States. Cattle Grazing on Small Grain Pasture - 3-State Total: January 1, 2019 and 2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of States : 2019 : 2020 : previous year ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- 1,000 head ----- percent : Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas .......: 1,900.0 1,610.0 85 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cattle Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: July 1, 2018 and 2019 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of Class : 2018 : 2019 :previous year ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 head ------ percent : All cattle and calves ..................: 102,800.0 102,900.0 100 : All cows and heifers that have calved ..: 41,800.0 41,600.0 100 Beef cows ............................: 32,400.0 32,300.0 100 Milk cows ............................: 9,400.0 9,300.0 99 : All heifers 500 pounds and over ........: 16,300.0 16,400.0 101 For beef cow replacement .............: 4,600.0 4,400.0 96 For milk cow replacement .............: 4,200.0 4,100.0 98 Other heifers ........................: 7,500.0 7,900.0 105 : Steers 500 pounds and over .............: 14,500.0 14,700.0 101 Bulls 500 pounds and over ..............: 2,100.0 2,100.0 100 Calves under 500 pounds ................: 28,100.0 28,100.0 100 : Calf crop ..............................: 36,312.7 36,059.6 99 : All cattle on feed .....................: 13,300.0 13,600.0 102 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Calf Crop by Period - United States: 2018 and 2019 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Period : : Percent of : : Percent of : Number : total : Number : total ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head percent 1,000 head percent : January 1 - June 30 .: 26,450.0 72.8 26,350.0 73.1 July 1 - December 31 : 9,862.7 27.2 9,709.6 26.9 : Total ...............: 36,312.7 100.0 36,059.6 100.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: A random sample of United States producers were surveyed to provide data for these estimates. Survey procedures ensured that all cattle producers, regardless of size, had a chance to be included in the survey. Large producers were sampled more heavily than small operations. Data were collected from about 35,100 operators during the first half of January by mail, telephone, internet, and face-to-face personal interviews and 68 percent of the reports were usable. Regardless of when operators responded, they were asked to report inventories as of January 1. Estimating Procedures: These cattle estimates were prepared by the Agricultural Statistics Board after reviewing recommendations and analysis submitted by Regional Field Offices. National and State survey data were reviewed for reasonableness with each other and with estimates from the previous year using a balance sheet. The balance sheet begins with the previous inventory estimate, adds estimates of births and imports, and subtracts estimates of slaughter, exports, and deaths. This indicated ending inventory level is compared to the Agricultural Statistics Board estimate for reasonableness. Revision Policy: Revisions to previous estimates are made to improve year to year and item to item relationships. Estimates for the previous year are subject to revision when current estimates are made. The reviews are primarily based on livestock slaughter and additional foreign trade and survey data. Estimates will also be reviewed after data from the five-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date. Reliability: Since all cattle operators are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items in the table on the following page. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the differences between first and latest estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for all cattle and calves inventory estimates over the past 10 years is 0.5 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of 94.4 million head by more than 0.5 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 0.8 percent. The table on the following page shows a 10 year record of the range of differences between first and latest estimates for selected items. Using estimates of all cattle and calves as an example, changes between the first inventory estimate and the latest estimate during the past 10 years have averaged 330,000 head, ranging from 40,000 to 796,000 head. During this period the initial inventory estimate has been above the latest estimate 3 times and below the latest estimate 7 times. This does not imply that the January 1 estimate is likely to understate or overstate final inventory. Reliability of January 1 Cattle Estimates [Based on data for the past 10 years] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Root mean : 90 percent : Difference between first and latest estimate : square error : confidence : : : : : : : level :------------------------------------------------------------- Item : : : : : : Years : : : : : :------------------------------- : : : Average :Smallest : Largest : Below latest : Above latest ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent ------ 1,000 head ----- ----- number ---- : All cattle and calves ...................: 0.5 0.8 330 40 796 7 3 : All cows and heifers that have calved ...: 0.6 1.0 180 20 405 4 6 : Calf crop ...............................: 0.5 1.0 146 20 378 4 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov. Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ......... (202) 692-0069 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section ........... (202) 690-2424 Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter ...... (202) 690-8632 Holly Brenize - Sheep and Goats .............. (202) 720-0585 Heidi Lanouette - Cattle, Cattle on Feed ..... (202) 720-3040 Mike Miller - Milk Production and Milk Cows .. (202) 720-3278 Suzanne Richards - Dairy Products ............ (202) 720-4448 Seth Riggins - Hogs and Pigs ................. (202) 720-3106 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. 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