Acreage ISSN: 1949-1522 Released June 30, 2023, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Corn Planted Acreage Up 6 Percent from 2022 Soybean Acreage Down 5 Percent All Wheat Acreage Up 9 Percent All Cotton Acreage Down 19 Percent Corn planted area for all purposes in 2023 is estimated at 94.1 million acres, up 6 percent or 5.52 million acres from last year. This represents the third highest planted acreage in the United States since 1944. Compared with last year, planted acreage is expected to be up or unchanged in 43 of the 48 estimating States. Area harvested for grain, at 86.3 million acres, is up 9 percent from last year. Soybean planted area for 2023 is estimated at 83.5 million acres, down 5 percent from last year. Compared with last year, planted acreage is down or unchanged in 21 of the 29 estimating States. All wheat planted area for 2023 is estimated at 49.6 million acres, up 9 percent from 2022. The 2023 winter wheat planted area, at 37.0 million acres, is up 11 percent from last year but down 1 percent from the previous estimate. Of this total, about 25.7 million acres are Hard Red Winter, 7.66 million acres are Soft Red Winter, and 3.68 million acres are White Winter. Area expected to be planted to other spring wheat for 2023 is estimated at 11.1 million acres, up 3 percent from 2022. Of this total, about 10.5 million acres are Hard Red Spring wheat. Durum planted area for 2023 is expected to total 1.48 million acres, down 9 percent from the previous year. All cotton planted area for 2023 is estimated at 11.1 million acres, down 19 percent from last year. Upland area is estimated at 11.0 million acres, down 19 percent from 2022. American Pima area is estimated at 109,000 acres, down 40 percent from 2022. This report was approved on June 30, 2023. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Gloria M. Greene Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Joseph L. Parsons Contents Principal Crops Area Planted - States and United States: 2021-2023......................................... 5 Corn and Soybean Area Left to be Planted - States and United States: 2022 and 2023......................... 6 Corn Area Planted for All Purposes and Harvested for Grain - States and United States: 2022 and 2023....... 7 Sorghum Area Planted for All Purposes and Harvested for Grain - States and United States: 2022 and 2023.... 8 Oat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023................................... 9 Barley Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023................................ 10 All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023............................. 11 Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023.......................... 12 Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023........................... 13 Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023.................... 13 Rye Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023................................... 13 Rice Area Planted and Harvested by Class - States and United States: 2022 and 2023......................... 14 Proso Millet Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023.......................... 14 Hay Area Harvested by Type - States and United States: 2022 and 2023....................................... 15 Soybean Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023............................... 16 Percent of Soybean Acreage Planted Following Another Harvested Crop - Selected States and United States: 2019-2023................................................................................... 17 Peanut Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023................................ 17 Sunflower Area Planted and Harvested by Type - States and United States: 2022 and 2023..................... 18 Canola Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023................................ 19 Flaxseed Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023.............................. 19 Other Oilseeds Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2022 and 2023................................... 19 Safflower Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023............................. 20 Cotton Area Planted and Harvested by Type - States and United States: 2022 and 2023........................ 21 Sugarbeet Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023............................. 22 Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023...................... 22 Tobacco Area Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023........................................... 22 Tobacco Area Harvested by Class and Type - States and United States: 2022 and 2023......................... 23 Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023....................... 24 Chickpea Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023.............................. 25 Lentil Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023................................ 26 Dry Edible Pea Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023........................ 26 Potato Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023................................ 27 Potato Type as a Percent of Planted - States and United States: 2022 and 2023.............................. 28 Corn Biotechnology Varieties as a Percent of All Corn Planted - States and United States: 2022 and 2023.... 29 Upland Cotton Biotechnology Varieties as a Percent of Upland Cotton Planted - States and United States: 2022 and 2023.............................................................................................. 30 Soybean Biotechnology Varieties as a Percent of All Soybeans Planted - States and United States: 2022 and 2023.............................................................................................. 31 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2022 and 2023.... 33 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2022 and 2023...... 35 Spring Weather Summary..................................................................................... 37 Crop Comments.............................................................................................. 39 Statistical Methodology.................................................................................... 45 Reliability June Planted Acreage Estimates................................................................. 46 Information Contacts....................................................................................... 47 Principal Crops Area Planted - States and United States: 2021-2023 [Crops included in area planted are corn, sorghum, oats, barley, rye, winter wheat, Durum wheat, other spring wheat, rice, soybeans, peanuts, sunflower, cotton, dry edible beans, chickpeas, potatoes, sugarbeets, canola, and proso millet. Harvested acreage is used for all hay, tobacco, and sugarcane in computing total area planted. Includes double cropped acres and unharvested small grains planted as cover crops] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama ......................: 2,125 2,120 2,200 Alaska .......................: 25 26 26 Arizona ......................: 607 598 588 Arkansas .....................: 7,020 6,992 7,017 California ...................: 2,391 2,200 2,416 Colorado .....................: 6,235 5,664 5,761 Connecticut ..................: 70 77 79 Delaware .....................: 422 442 437 Florida ......................: 1,077 1,071 1,082 Georgia ......................: 3,393 3,396 3,442 : Idaho ........................: 4,051 4,071 4,253 Illinois .....................: 22,830 22,805 22,895 Indiana ......................: 11,930 11,910 11,930 Iowa .........................: 24,390 24,330 24,335 Kansas .......................: 24,421 24,101 24,191 Kentucky .....................: 6,078 5,994 6,151 Louisiana ....................: 3,055 3,217 3,195 Maine ........................: 238 252 264 Maryland .....................: 1,537 1,558 1,564 Massachusetts ................: 69 74 68 : Michigan .....................: 6,376 6,308 6,328 Minnesota ....................: 19,471 19,100 19,408 Mississippi ..................: 4,233 4,210 4,236 Missouri .....................: 13,644 13,820 13,880 Montana ......................: 9,364 9,396 9,829 Nebraska .....................: 19,810 19,299 19,424 Nevada .......................: 355 414 405 New Hampshire ................: 55 55 54 New Jersey ...................: 299 321 313 New Mexico ...................: 785 772 826 : New York .....................: 2,744 2,837 2,905 North Carolina ...............: 4,398 4,425 4,451 North Dakota .................: 24,085 21,616 23,103 Ohio .........................: 9,945 9,890 9,935 Oklahoma .....................: 9,553 9,666 10,521 Oregon .......................: 1,815 1,733 1,866 Pennsylvania .................: 3,740 3,723 3,774 Rhode Island .................: 9 9 8 South Carolina ...............: 1,476 1,462 1,530 South Dakota .................: 16,693 16,627 17,158 : Tennessee ....................: 4,952 4,960 5,185 Texas ........................: 22,797 22,029 22,551 Utah .........................: 868 880 922 Vermont ......................: 245 255 255 Virginia .....................: 2,495 2,493 2,637 Washington ...................: 3,715 3,585 3,648 West Virginia ................: 569 611 667 Wisconsin ....................: 8,099 7,966 8,076 Wyoming ......................: 1,282 1,442 1,411 : United States 1/ .............: 317,119 312,111 318,700 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ States do not add to United States due to rye unallocated table. Corn and Soybean Area Left to be Planted - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Acres Left to be Planted Crop :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Corn .....................: 4,027 2,491 Soybeans .................: 15,806 8,221 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Corn Area Planted for All Purposes and Harvested for Grain - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted for all purposes : Area harvested for grain State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama .........: 300 360 290 350 Arizona .........: 80 100 40 43 Arkansas ........: 710 890 695 870 California ......: 370 390 20 40 Colorado ........: 1,350 1,250 980 1,000 Connecticut 2/ ..: 25 26 (NA) (NA) Delaware ........: 170 175 167 172 Florida .........: 85 100 56 60 Georgia .........: 425 480 385 430 Idaho ...........: 320 390 110 130 : Illinois ........: 10,800 11,500 10,600 11,300 Indiana .........: 5,250 5,500 5,130 5,380 Iowa ............: 12,900 13,400 12,400 12,900 Kansas ..........: 5,500 5,500 4,440 5,100 Kentucky ........: 1,440 1,550 1,350 1,450 Louisiana .......: 450 580 435 565 Maine 2/ ........: 29 27 (NA) (NA) Maryland ........: 440 510 380 445 Massachusetts 2/ : 14 14 (NA) (NA) Michigan ........: 2,350 2,400 2,000 2,050 : Minnesota .......: 8,000 8,400 7,490 8,000 Mississippi .....: 580 720 565 700 Missouri ........: 3,350 3,650 3,120 3,480 Montana .........: 130 115 69 59 Nebraska ........: 9,600 9,500 8,820 9,160 Nevada 2/ .......: 14 15 (NA) (NA) New Hampshire 2/ : 13 13 (NA) (NA) New Jersey ......: 76 72 67 65 New Mexico ......: 100 130 36 62 New York ........: 1,030 1,130 575 650 : North Carolina ..: 830 990 785 940 North Dakota ....: 2,950 3,900 2,670 3,600 Ohio ............: 3,400 3,500 3,180 3,270 Oklahoma ........: 350 370 200 330 Oregon ..........: 75 90 45 55 Pennsylvania ....: 1,180 1,240 840 910 Rhode Island 2/ .: 2 2 (NA) (NA) South Carolina ..: 320 390 300 370 South Dakota ....: 5,750 6,200 5,010 5,500 Tennessee .......: 840 1,000 795 945 : Texas ...........: 2,150 2,500 1,610 2,200 Utah ............: 70 75 16 23 Vermont 2/ ......: 90 90 (NA) (NA) Virginia ........: 450 530 340 400 Washington ......: 130 180 75 105 West Virginia ...: 46 57 35 43 Wisconsin .......: 3,950 4,000 3,030 3,100 Wyoming .........: 95 95 56 70 : United States ...: 88,579 94,096 79,207 86,322 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Forecasted. 2/ Area harvested for grain not estimated. Sorghum Area Planted for All Purposes and Harvested for Grain - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted for all purposes : Area harvested for grain State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Colorado .........: 545 500 380 400 Kansas ...........: 3,300 3,300 2,700 3,050 Nebraska .........: 320 340 125 220 Oklahoma .........: 430 450 240 370 South Dakota .....: 280 265 175 200 Texas ............: 1,450 1,950 950 1,700 : United States ....: 6,325 6,805 4,570 5,940 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. Oat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 [Includes area planted in preceding fall] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Arkansas ..........: 10 8 6 5 California ........: 105 85 6 5 Georgia ...........: 75 55 15 18 Idaho .............: 50 45 16 10 Illinois ..........: 60 55 10 14 Iowa ..............: 130 185 40 45 Kansas ............: 110 135 25 25 Maine .............: 26 22 24 19 Michigan ..........: 50 50 30 20 Minnesota .........: 200 160 140 104 : Missouri ..........: 45 30 8 7 Montana ...........: 85 75 24 30 Nebraska ..........: 125 145 18 25 New York ..........: 68 61 51 47 North Carolina ....: 40 37 11 11 North Dakota ......: 345 320 190 136 Ohio ..............: 50 35 15 22 Oklahoma ..........: 50 140 17 26 Oregon ............: 20 20 8 10 Pennsylvania ......: 87 70 61 39 : South Dakota ......: 260 250 75 77 Texas .............: 450 390 35 39 Wisconsin .........: 140 135 65 60 : United States .....: 2,581 2,508 890 794 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Barley Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 [Includes area planted in preceding fall] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Alaska ...........: 6 7 5 6 Arizona ..........: 16 21 15 18 California .......: 40 40 19 19 Colorado .........: 61 57 40 44 Delaware .........: 21 21 16 15 Idaho ............: 560 590 540 550 Kansas ...........: 15 15 5 4 Maine ............: 11 14 10 13 Maryland .........: 28 34 16 20 Michigan .........: 9 7 8 6 : Minnesota ........: 65 60 55 46 Montana ..........: 1,030 1,250 840 845 New York .........: 9 9 5 5 North Carolina ...: 16 16 11 10 North Dakota .....: 740 840 660 695 Oregon ...........: 36 45 19 30 Pennsylvania .....: 41 54 20 30 South Dakota .....: 28 38 6 13 Utah .............: 20 22 15 14 Virginia .........: 30 30 7 6 : Washington .......: 72 85 60 67 Wisconsin ........: 14 13 3 7 Wyoming ..........: 77 91 58 64 : United States ....: 2,945 3,359 2,433 2,527 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 [Includes area planted in preceding fall] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama .........: 180 210 120 150 Arizona .........: 85 50 84 49 Arkansas ........: 220 230 150 165 California ......: 380 355 105 105 Colorado ........: 1,950 2,300 1,430 1,800 Delaware ........: 80 80 54 65 Georgia .........: 200 200 100 105 Idaho ...........: 1,157 1,168 1,077 1,073 Illinois ........: 650 860 560 780 Indiana .........: 290 410 240 360 : Kansas ..........: 7,300 8,100 6,600 6,500 Kentucky ........: 530 610 375 460 Maryland ........: 355 340 170 175 Michigan ........: 460 630 415 590 Minnesota .......: 1,250 1,140 1,210 1,100 Mississippi .....: 100 120 75 95 Missouri ........: 630 830 410 640 Montana .........: 5,460 5,350 4,915 4,820 Nebraska ........: 980 1,150 820 850 New Jersey ......: 26 35 22 30 : New Mexico ......: 355 400 85 160 New York ........: 140 170 100 155 North Carolina ..: 480 500 375 420 North Dakota ....: 6,195 6,480 6,135 6,270 Ohio ............: 510 650 465 550 Oklahoma ........: 4,300 4,600 2,450 2,600 Oregon ..........: 730 740 720 730 Pennsylvania ....: 270 290 210 225 South Carolina ..: 120 110 100 95 South Dakota ....: 1,560 1,680 1,430 1,450 : Tennessee .......: 410 470 335 390 Texas ...........: 5,300 6,400 1,300 2,000 Utah ............: 110 105 88 85 Virginia ........: 230 210 150 155 Washington ......: 2,325 2,250 2,270 2,180 Wisconsin .......: 305 290 240 245 Wyoming .........: 115 115 95 100 : United States ...: 45,738 49,628 35,480 37,722 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 [Includes area planted in preceding fall] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama .........: 180 210 120 150 Arkansas ........: 220 230 150 165 California ......: 340 330 70 85 Colorado ........: 1,950 2,300 1,430 1,800 Delaware ........: 80 80 54 65 Georgia .........: 200 200 100 105 Idaho ...........: 770 760 710 690 Illinois ........: 650 860 560 780 Indiana .........: 290 410 240 360 Kansas ..........: 7,300 8,100 6,600 6,500 : Kentucky ........: 530 610 375 460 Maryland ........: 355 340 170 175 Michigan ........: 460 630 415 590 Mississippi .....: 100 120 75 95 Missouri ........: 630 830 410 640 Montana .........: 2,050 1,900 1,800 1,650 Nebraska ........: 980 1,150 820 850 New Jersey ......: 26 35 22 30 New Mexico ......: 355 400 85 160 New York ........: 140 170 100 155 : North Carolina ..: 480 500 375 420 North Dakota ....: 105 130 95 110 Ohio ............: 510 650 465 550 Oklahoma ........: 4,300 4,600 2,450 2,600 Oregon ..........: 730 740 720 730 Pennsylvania ....: 270 290 210 225 South Carolina ..: 120 110 100 95 South Dakota ....: 830 930 730 750 Tennessee .......: 410 470 335 390 Texas ...........: 5,300 6,400 1,300 2,000 : Utah ............: 110 105 88 85 Virginia ........: 230 210 150 155 Washington ......: 1,850 1,800 1,800 1,740 Wisconsin .......: 305 290 240 245 Wyoming .........: 115 115 95 100 : United States ...: 33,271 37,005 23,459 25,700 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 [Includes area planted in preceding fall in Arizona and California] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Arizona ........: 85 50 84 49 California .....: 40 25 35 20 Idaho ..........: 7 8 7 8 Montana ........: 710 650 675 620 North Dakota ...: 790 750 780 730 : United States ..: 1,632 1,483 1,581 1,427 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Idaho ..........: 380 400 360 375 Minnesota ......: 1,250 1,140 1,210 1,100 Montana ........: 2,700 2,800 2,440 2,550 North Dakota ...: 5,300 5,600 5,260 5,430 South Dakota ...: 730 750 700 700 Washington .....: 475 450 470 440 : United States ..: 10,835 11,140 10,440 10,595 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Rye Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 [Includes area planted in preceding fall] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Minnesota ......: 70 70 28 28 North Dakota ...: 110 110 60 59 Oklahoma .......: 265 260 50 55 Pennsylvania ...: 190 165 17 22 Wisconsin ......: 230 240 20 20 : Other States 2/ : 1,310 1,500 166 221 : United States ..: 2,175 2,345 341 405 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. 2/ Other States include Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, South Dakota, and Texas. Rice Area Planted and Harvested by Class - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class and State: Area planted : Area harvested :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Long grain : Arkansas .......: 1,000 1,150 990 1,140 California .....: 7 11 7 11 Louisiana ......: 370 400 366 395 Mississippi ....: 85 100 84 98 Missouri .......: 150 190 146 185 Texas ..........: 190 140 181 135 : United States ..: 1,802 1,991 1,774 1,964 : Medium grain : Arkansas .......: 105 160 93 150 California .....: 220 435 218 432 Louisiana ......: 55 60 49 58 Mississippi ....: - - - - Missouri .......: 5 5 3 5 Texas ..........: 5 3 5 3 : United States ..: 390 663 368 648 : Short grain 2/ : Arkansas .......: 1 1 1 1 California .....: 29 32 29 32 : United States ..: 30 33 30 33 : All : Arkansas .......: 1,106 1,311 1,084 1,291 California .....: 256 478 254 475 Louisiana ......: 425 460 415 453 Mississippi ....: 85 100 84 98 Missouri .......: 155 195 149 190 Texas ..........: 195 143 186 138 : United States ..: 2,222 2,687 2,172 2,645 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Forecasted. 2/ Includes sweet rice. Proso Millet Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Colorado .......: 445 420 355 Nebraska .......: 145 220 115 South Dakota ...: 47 65 37 : United States ..: 637 705 507 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Estimates to be released January 2024 in the "Crop Production Summary." Hay Area Harvested by Type - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : All hay : Alfalfa and : All other : : alfalfa mixtures : : State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 1/ : 2022 : 2023 1/ : 2022 : 2023 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Alabama 2/ .......: 680 680 (NA) (NA) 680 680 Alaska 2/ ........: 20 19 (NA) (NA) 20 19 Arizona ..........: 315 330 260 275 55 55 Arkansas .........: 1,093 1,163 3 3 1,090 1,160 California .......: 830 895 450 525 380 370 Colorado .........: 1,140 1,090 610 600 530 490 Connecticut ......: 52 53 7 5 45 48 Delaware .........: 11 11 2 1 9 10 Florida 2/ .......: 310 300 (NA) (NA) 310 300 Georgia 2/ .......: 550 570 (NA) (NA) 550 570 : Idaho ............: 1,410 1,440 1,060 1,090 350 350 Illinois .........: 495 480 240 200 255 280 Indiana ..........: 520 520 260 260 260 260 Iowa .............: 1,200 1,050 730 730 470 320 Kansas ...........: 2,610 2,680 660 680 1,950 2,000 Kentucky .........: 2,030 2,050 110 100 1,920 1,950 Louisiana 2/ .....: 390 400 (NA) (NA) 390 400 Maine ............: 134 148 9 8 125 140 Maryland .........: 215 190 40 30 175 160 Massachusetts ....: 60 54 5 4 55 50 : Michigan .........: 790 800 560 570 230 230 Minnesota ........: 1,220 1,260 640 700 580 560 Mississippi 2/ ...: 590 600 (NA) (NA) 590 600 Missouri .........: 3,180 3,225 130 225 3,050 3,000 Montana ..........: 2,290 2,650 1,400 1,600 890 1,050 Nebraska .........: 2,140 2,360 790 760 1,350 1,600 Nevada ...........: 400 390 285 280 115 110 New Hampshire ....: 42 41 5 5 37 36 New Jersey .......: 109 96 13 11 96 85 New Mexico .......: 225 245 125 145 100 100 : New York .........: 1,240 1,180 240 210 1,000 970 North Carolina ...: 656 637 6 7 650 630 North Dakota .....: 2,150 2,400 1,100 1,300 1,050 1,100 Ohio .............: 830 850 280 300 550 550 Oklahoma .........: 3,020 3,540 220 240 2,800 3,300 Oregon ...........: 820 920 350 350 470 570 Pennsylvania .....: 1,350 1,330 310 300 1,040 1,030 Rhode Island .....: 7 6 1 1 6 5 South Carolina 2/ : 270 270 (NA) (NA) 270 270 South Dakota .....: 2,950 2,900 1,650 1,700 1,300 1,200 : Tennessee ........: 1,712 1,793 12 13 1,700 1,780 Texas ............: 4,190 4,705 90 105 4,100 4,600 Utah .............: 680 720 490 550 190 170 Vermont ..........: 165 165 15 15 150 150 Virginia .........: 1,030 1,170 30 30 1,000 1,140 Washington .......: 650 690 360 360 290 330 West Virginia ....: 565 610 15 10 550 600 Wisconsin ........: 1,100 1,230 800 830 300 400 Wyoming ..........: 1,110 1,070 550 530 560 540 : United States ....: 49,546 51,976 14,913 15,658 34,633 36,318 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - Represents zero. (NA) Not available. 1/ Forecasted. 2/ Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures included in all other hay. Soybean Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama ..........: 360 400 355 395 Arkansas .........: 3,180 2,900 3,150 2,870 Delaware .........: 160 150 158 148 Georgia ..........: 165 170 160 165 Illinois .........: 10,800 10,000 10,750 9,950 Indiana ..........: 5,850 5,500 5,830 5,480 Iowa .............: 10,100 9,700 10,030 9,620 Kansas ...........: 5,050 4,250 4,810 4,200 Kentucky .........: 1,950 1,900 1,940 1,890 Louisiana ........: 1,260 1,120 1,210 1,090 : Maryland .........: 520 490 510 480 Michigan .........: 2,250 2,050 2,240 2,040 Minnesota ........: 7,450 7,500 7,390 7,430 Mississippi ......: 2,310 2,300 2,290 2,270 Missouri .........: 6,100 5,600 6,060 5,550 Nebraska .........: 5,750 5,500 5,680 5,450 New Jersey .......: 110 110 108 108 New York .........: 350 355 325 345 North Carolina ...: 1,700 1,650 1,690 1,640 North Dakota .....: 5,700 5,650 5,670 5,600 : Ohio .............: 5,100 4,900 5,080 4,880 Oklahoma .........: 545 570 385 520 Pennsylvania .....: 600 620 590 610 South Carolina ...: 405 440 390 425 South Dakota .....: 5,100 5,300 5,070 5,250 Tennessee ........: 1,650 1,600 1,620 1,570 Texas ............: 155 110 85 90 Virginia .........: 620 570 610 560 Wisconsin ........: 2,160 2,100 2,150 2,070 : United States ....: 87,450 83,505 86,336 82,696 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Percent of Soybean Acreage Planted Following Another Harvested Crop - Selected States and United States: 2019-2023 [Data as obtained from survey results. These data do not represent official estimates of the Agricultural Statistics Board but provide raw data as obtained from survey respondents. The purpose of these data is to portray trends in soybean production practices] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : percent Alabama ..........: 24 23 37 21 36 Arkansas .........: 2 2 4 4 3 Delaware .........: 6 26 24 27 21 Georgia ..........: 18 22 49 16 9 Illinois .........: 5 4 4 5 5 Indiana ..........: 2 5 5 2 2 Kansas ...........: 4 13 7 8 12 Kentucky .........: 26 21 17 18 26 Louisiana ........: 1 3 (Z) 6 (Z) Maryland .........: 23 32 26 12 26 : Mississippi ......: 1 1 2 2 2 Missouri .........: 8 6 6 6 9 New Jersey .......: 6 14 4 3 18 North Carolina ...: 26 27 43 23 19 Ohio .............: 1 3 1 2 1 Oklahoma .........: 37 24 52 37 33 Pennsylvania .....: 14 20 27 26 20 South Carolina ...: 24 23 18 15 5 Tennessee ........: 20 9 27 21 25 : Texas ............: (Z) 10 (Z) (Z) 9 Virginia .........: 50 28 25 17 15 : United States ....: 4 5 5 4 4 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. Peanut Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama ........: 165.0 170.0 162.0 167.0 Arkansas .......: 33.0 35.0 32.0 34.0 Florida ........: 150.0 175.0 142.0 165.0 Georgia ........: 685.0 760.0 680.0 755.0 Mississippi ....: 15.0 16.0 14.0 15.0 New Mexico .....: 7.3 6.0 6.4 6.0 North Carolina .: 117.0 130.0 116.0 128.0 Oklahoma .......: 18.0 16.0 17.0 15.0 South Carolina .: 71.0 85.0 68.0 82.0 Texas ..........: 160.0 155.0 120.0 140.0 Virginia .......: 29.0 30.0 28.0 30.0 : United States ..: 1,450.3 1,578.0 1,385.4 1,537.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Sunflower Area Planted and Harvested by Type - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Varietal type :--------------------------------------------------------------- and State : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Oil : California .......: 33.0 32.0 31.0 31.0 Colorado .........: 52.0 29.0 43.0 25.0 Kansas ...........: 32.0 26.0 28.0 24.0 Minnesota ........: 69.0 51.0 67.0 50.0 Nebraska .........: 50.0 30.0 46.0 28.0 North Dakota .....: 660.0 550.0 645.0 535.0 South Dakota .....: 610.0 420.0 580.0 400.0 Texas ............: 44.0 45.0 39.0 42.0 : United States ....: 1,550.0 1,183.0 1,479.0 1,135.0 : Non-oil : California .......: 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 Colorado .........: 10.0 10.0 6.5 9.0 Kansas ...........: 10.0 12.0 8.5 11.0 Minnesota ........: 8.5 8.0 8.0 7.5 Nebraska .........: 7.0 13.0 5.5 11.5 North Dakota .....: 57.0 75.0 53.0 71.0 South Dakota .....: 42.0 40.0 40.0 38.0 Texas ............: 8.0 5.0 6.0 4.5 : United States ....: 143.0 164.0 128.0 153.5 : All : California .......: 33.5 33.0 31.5 32.0 Colorado .........: 62.0 39.0 49.5 34.0 Kansas ...........: 42.0 38.0 36.5 35.0 Minnesota ........: 77.5 59.0 75.0 57.5 Nebraska .........: 57.0 43.0 51.5 39.5 North Dakota .....: 717.0 625.0 698.0 606.0 South Dakota .....: 652.0 460.0 620.0 438.0 Texas ............: 52.0 50.0 45.0 46.5 : United States ....: 1,693.0 1,347.0 1,607.0 1,288.5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Canola Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Kansas .........: 9.0 3.0 7.0 2.5 Minnesota ......: 71.0 60.0 69.0 58.0 Montana ........: 180.0 160.0 168.0 150.0 North Dakota ...: 1,800.0 1,900.0 1,785.0 1,880.0 Oklahoma .......: 18.0 5.0 8.0 3.0 Washington .....: 135.0 155.0 132.0 151.0 : United States ..: 2,213.0 2,283.0 2,169.0 2,244.5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Flaxseed Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Montana ........: 98 40 82 37 North Dakota ...: 165 100 162 95 : United States ..: 263 140 244 132 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Other Oilseeds Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2022 and 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Rapeseed 2/ ....: 10.9 15.5 10.4 14.1 Mustard seed 3/ : 221.0 240.0 182.0 228.5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. 2/ Rapeseed program States include Delaware, Idaho, Kentucky, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. 3/ Mustard seed program States include Idaho, Montana, and North Dakota. Safflower Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : California .....: 51.0 40.0 49.0 39.0 Idaho ..........: 24.5 22.0 23.5 21.0 Montana ........: 44.0 45.0 35.0 40.0 South Dakota ...: 17.7 16.0 16.0 14.5 Utah ...........: 13.0 20.0 11.8 19.0 : United States ..: 150.2 143.0 135.3 133.5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Cotton Area Planted and Harvested by Type - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type and State : Area planted : Area harvested :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres Upland : Alabama .........: 435.0 380.0 430.0 Arizona .........: 87.0 75.0 86.0 Arkansas ........: 640.0 480.0 630.0 California ......: 19.0 13.0 18.5 Florida .........: 106.0 90.0 103.0 Georgia .........: 1,290.0 1,200.0 1,270.0 Kansas ..........: 165.0 170.0 138.0 Louisiana .......: 195.0 130.0 190.0 Mississippi .....: 530.0 380.0 525.0 Missouri ........: 360.0 350.0 340.0 : New Mexico ......: 66.0 35.0 30.0 North Carolina ..: 470.0 380.0 460.0 Oklahoma ........: 670.0 570.0 230.0 South Carolina ..: 270.0 230.0 266.0 Tennessee .......: 335.0 310.0 325.0 Texas ...........: 7,850.0 6,100.0 2,000.0 Virginia ........: 91.0 85.0 90.0 : United States ...: 13,579.0 10,978.0 7,131.5 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 15.0 12.0 14.4 California ......: 115.0 70.0 114.0 New Mexico ......: 19.0 10.0 18.8 Texas ...........: 33.0 17.0 29.0 : United States ...: 182.0 109.0 176.2 : All : Alabama .........: 435.0 380.0 430.0 Arizona .........: 102.0 87.0 100.4 Arkansas ........: 640.0 480.0 630.0 California ......: 134.0 83.0 132.5 Florida .........: 106.0 90.0 103.0 Georgia .........: 1,290.0 1,200.0 1,270.0 Kansas ..........: 165.0 170.0 138.0 Louisiana .......: 195.0 130.0 190.0 Mississippi .....: 530.0 380.0 525.0 Missouri ........: 360.0 350.0 340.0 : New Mexico ......: 85.0 45.0 48.8 North Carolina ..: 470.0 380.0 460.0 Oklahoma ........: 670.0 570.0 230.0 South Carolina ..: 270.0 230.0 266.0 Tennessee .......: 335.0 310.0 325.0 Texas ...........: 7,883.0 6,117.0 2,029.0 Virginia ........: 91.0 85.0 90.0 : United States ...: 13,761.0 11,087.0 7,307.7 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Estimates to be released August 2023 in the "Crop Production" report. Sugarbeet Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 [Relates to year of intended harvest in all States except California] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : California 2/ : 18.0 18.0 17.7 17.7 Colorado .....: 23.4 22.0 20.5 21.0 Idaho ........: 173.0 177.0 170.0 175.0 Michigan .....: 139.0 134.0 138.0 133.0 Minnesota ....: 434.0 444.0 431.0 438.0 Montana ......: 33.6 24.0 33.5 23.0 Nebraska .....: 46.8 47.0 39.6 46.0 North Dakota .: 251.0 220.0 249.0 216.0 Oregon .......: 9.4 10.5 7.9 10.0 Washington ...: 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Wyoming ......: 29.3 30.0 27.9 29.0 : United States : 1,159.5 1,128.5 1,137.1 1,110.7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. 2/ Relates to year of planting for overwintered beets in southern California. Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Florida ..................: 401.9 398.0 Louisiana ................: 497.1 505.0 Texas ....................: 31.2 19.0 : United States ............: 930.2 922.0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Tobacco Area Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : acres : Georgia ..................: 6,000 6,500 Kentucky .................: 43,600 41,400 North Carolina ...........: 116,160 111,110 Pennsylvania .............: 5,000 4,860 South Carolina ...........: 5,800 5,400 Tennessee ................: 12,700 12,200 Virginia .................: 12,500 11,810 : United States ............: 201,760 193,280 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Tobacco Area Harvested by Class and Type - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested Class and type :----------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : acres : Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14) : Georgia .................................: 6,000 6,500 North Carolina ..........................: 116,000 111,000 South Carolina ..........................: 5,800 5,400 Virginia ................................: 12,100 11,500 : United States ...........................: 139,900 134,400 : Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23) : Kentucky ................................: 9,800 7,700 Tennessee ...............................: 6,300 5,800 Virginia ................................: 150 100 : United States ...........................: 16,250 13,600 : Class 3A, Light air-cured (31-32) : Type 31, Burley : Kentucky ..............................: 28,000 29,000 North Carolina ........................: 160 110 Pennsylvania ..........................: 1,300 1,100 Tennessee .............................: 2,700 3,000 Virginia ..............................: 250 210 : United States .........................: 32,410 33,420 : Type 32, Southern Maryland Belt : Pennsylvania ..........................: 100 60 : United States .........................: 100 60 : Total light air-cured (31-32) ........ : 32,510 33,480 : Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) : Kentucky ................................: 5,800 4,700 Tennessee ...............................: 3,700 3,400 : United States ...........................: 9,500 8,100 : Class 4, Cigar filler (41) : Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf : Pennsylvania ..........................: 3,600 3,700 : United States .........................: 3,600 3,700 : All tobacco : United States ...........................: 201,760 193,280 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 [Excludes beans grown for garden seed and chickpeas] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : California .......: 12.0 12.0 11.9 11.9 Colorado .........: 35.0 28.0 33.3 25.0 Idaho ............: 45.0 40.0 44.0 39.0 Michigan .........: 215.0 210.0 214.0 208.0 Minnesota ........: 215.0 210.0 210.0 201.0 Nebraska .........: 115.0 98.0 108.1 92.0 North Dakota .....: 570.0 560.0 560.0 540.0 Washington .......: 27.0 43.0 26.7 42.5 Wyoming ..........: 16.0 10.0 15.0 8.0 : United States ....: 1,250.0 1,211.0 1,223.0 1,167.4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Chickpea Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Size and State :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Small chickpeas 2/ : California ...................: (D) (D) (D) (D) Idaho ........................: 15.0 20.0 14.3 19.7 Montana ......................: 35.0 50.0 34.8 47.5 North Dakota .................: (D) (D) (D) (D) Washington ...................: 24.0 23.0 23.9 22.9 : Other States 3/ ..............: 5.7 6.5 5.7 6.3 : United States ................: 79.7 99.5 78.7 96.4 : Large chickpeas 4/ : California ...................: (D) (D) (D) (D) Idaho ........................: 46.0 53.0 45.7 52.5 Montana ......................: 152.0 155.0 142.2 147.0 North Dakota .................: (D) (D) (D) (D) Washington ...................: 65.0 60.0 65.0 59.6 : Other States 3/ ..............: 10.4 19.5 10.3 19.1 : United States ................: 273.4 287.5 263.2 278.2 : All chickpeas : California ...................: 2.2 4.0 2.1 3.9 Idaho ........................: 61.0 73.0 60.0 72.2 Montana ......................: 187.0 205.0 177.0 194.5 North Dakota .................: 13.9 22.0 13.9 21.5 Washington ...................: 89.0 83.0 88.9 82.5 : United States ................: 353.1 387.0 341.9 374.6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. 1/ Forecasted. 2/ Chickpeas 20/64 inches or smaller. 3/ Includes data withheld above. 4/ Chickpeas larger than 20/64 inches. Lentil Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Idaho ..........: 15.0 13.0 14.0 12.0 Montana ........: 500.0 400.0 450.0 360.0 North Dakota ...: 100.0 85.0 95.0 81.0 Washington .....: 45.0 35.0 43.0 34.0 : United States ..: 660.0 533.0 602.0 487.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Dry Edible Pea Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Idaho ..........: 28.0 14.0 27.0 13.0 Montana ........: 535.0 590.0 495.0 540.0 Nebraska .......: 33.0 32.0 21.0 30.0 North Dakota ...: 230.0 290.0 227.0 280.0 South Dakota ...: 14.0 11.0 14.0 10.0 Washington .....: 79.0 62.0 78.0 61.0 : United States ..: 919.0 999.0 862.0 934.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. Potato Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : California ...........: 19.0 23.0 18.4 22.6 Colorado .............: 53.0 55.0 52.8 54.7 Florida ..............: 18.0 19.0 17.7 18.3 Idaho ................: 295.0 330.0 294.5 329.5 Maine ................: 52.0 53.0 51.6 52.5 Michigan .............: 45.0 47.0 44.5 46.0 Minnesota ............: 47.0 45.0 46.7 44.5 Nebraska .............: 20.0 21.0 19.9 20.8 : North Dakota .........: 74.0 76.0 73.0 75.0 Oregon ...............: 43.0 40.0 43.0 40.0 Texas ................: 13.0 12.0 12.5 11.5 Washington ...........: 155.0 160.0 154.5 159.5 Wisconsin ............: 67.0 68.0 66.5 67.0 : United States ........: 901.0 949.0 895.6 941.9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Potato Type as a Percent of Planted - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 [Other type potatoes are included with Russet] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Red and Blue : White : Yellow : Russet State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : California .....: 15 17 41 30 11 18 33 35 Colorado .......: 4 2 1 4 11 4 84 90 Florida ........: 35 49 34 11 31 40 - - Idaho ..........: 3 4 3 3 2 3 92 90 Maine ..........: 4 2 33 22 2 3 61 73 Michigan .......: 1 1 58 64 1 2 40 33 Minnesota ......: 16 24 9 8 3 1 72 67 Nebraska .......: 1 1 44 46 1 1 54 52 North Dakota ...: 22 20 32 32 4 5 42 43 Oregon .........: 1 1 20 17 1 1 78 81 : Texas ..........: 16 5 66 55 8 2 10 38 Washington .....: 6 7 15 12 4 3 75 78 Wisconsin ......: 9 6 39 46 5 4 47 44 : United States ..: 7 8 19 17 4 4 70 71 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. Biotechnology Varieties The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducts the June Agricultural Survey in all States each year. Randomly selected farmers across the United States were asked if they planted corn, soybeans, or Upland cotton seed that, through biotechnology, is resistant to herbicides, insects, or both. Conventionally bred herbicide resistant varieties are excluded. Insect resistant varieties include only those containing bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). The Bt varieties include those that contain more than one gene that can resist different types of insects. Stacked gene varieties include only those containing biotech traits for both herbicide and insect resistance. The States published individually in the following tables represent 85 percent of all corn planted acres, 88 percent of all soybean planted acres, and 89 percent of all Upland cotton planted acres. Corn Biotechnology Varieties as a Percent of All Corn Planted - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Insect resistant : Herbicide resistant State :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Illinois .......: 2 3 4 5 Indiana ........: 1 1 7 8 Iowa ...........: 3 3 8 11 Kansas .........: 4 1 12 8 Michigan .......: 2 2 11 9 Minnesota ......: 3 2 4 8 Missouri .......: 3 3 12 5 Nebraska .......: 3 2 7 5 North Dakota ...: 3 1 17 10 Ohio ...........: 1 2 10 12 : South Dakota ...: 1 2 10 5 Texas ..........: 5 3 8 9 Wisconsin ......: 3 2 11 11 : Other States 1/ : 4 4 14 13 : United States ..: 3 3 9 9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Stacked gene varieties : All biotech varieties 2/ State :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Illinois .......: 87 87 93 95 Indiana ........: 79 78 87 87 Iowa ...........: 82 81 93 95 Kansas .........: 78 86 94 95 Michigan .......: 81 81 94 92 Minnesota ......: 86 83 93 93 Missouri .......: 81 86 96 94 Nebraska .......: 85 87 95 94 North Dakota ...: 74 85 94 96 Ohio ...........: 80 76 91 90 : South Dakota ...: 84 87 95 94 Texas ..........: 79 83 92 95 Wisconsin ......: 77 80 91 93 : Other States 1/ : 74 73 91 90 : United States ..: 81 82 93 93 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States includes all other States in the corn estimating program. 2/ All biotech varieties for the United States and Other States may not add due to rounding. Upland Cotton Biotechnology Varieties as a Percent of Upland Cotton Planted - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Insect resistant : Herbicide resistant State :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Alabama ........: 3 4 3 3 Arkansas .......: 6 16 5 13 California .....: 10 4 17 28 Georgia ........: 6 5 1 3 Louisiana ......: 6 2 6 2 Mississippi ....: 1 2 8 3 Missouri .......: 4 4 24 20 North Carolina .: 3 3 8 7 Tennessee ......: 1 1 - - Texas ..........: 2 2 7 9 : Other States 1/ : 4 1 5 6 : United States ..: 3 3 6 8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Stacked gene varieties : All biotech varieties 2/ State :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Alabama ........: 93 92 99 99 Arkansas .......: 88 70 99 99 California .....: 63 60 90 92 Georgia ........: 91 91 98 99 Louisiana ......: 87 95 99 99 Mississippi ....: 89 94 98 99 Missouri .......: 71 75 99 99 North Carolina .: 84 86 95 96 Tennessee ......: 98 96 99 97 Texas ..........: 85 85 94 96 : Other States 1/ : 89 90 98 97 : United States ..: 86 86 95 97 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Other States includes all other States in the Upland cotton estimating program. 2/ All biotech varieties for the United States and Other States may not add due to rounding. Soybean Biotechnology Varieties as a Percent of All Soybeans Planted - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Herbicide resistant : All biotech varieties State :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Arkansas .......: 98 98 98 98 Illinois .......: 95 95 95 95 Indiana ........: 93 94 93 94 Iowa ...........: 97 97 97 97 Kansas .........: 96 93 96 93 Michigan .......: 93 93 93 93 Minnesota ......: 96 96 96 96 Mississippi ....: 99 99 99 99 Missouri .......: 96 95 96 95 Nebraska .......: 96 93 96 93 : North Dakota ...: 92 96 92 96 Ohio ...........: 94 94 94 94 South Dakota ...: 96 96 96 96 Wisconsin ......: 92 91 92 91 : Other States 1/ : 95 93 95 93 : United States ..: 95 95 95 95 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States includes all other States in the soybean estimating program. This page intentionally left blank. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2022 and 2023 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2023 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 2,945 3,359 2,433 2,527 Corn for grain 1/ ......................: 88,579 94,096 79,207 86,322 Corn for silage ........................: (NA) 6,860 Hay, all ...............................: (NA) (NA) 49,546 51,976 Alfalfa ..............................: (NA) (NA) 14,913 15,658 All other ............................: (NA) (NA) 34,633 36,318 Oats ...................................: 2,581 2,508 890 794 Proso millet ...........................: 637 705 507 Rice ...................................: 2,222 2,687 2,172 2,645 Rye ....................................: 2,175 2,345 341 405 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...................: 6,325 6,805 4,570 5,940 Sorghum for silage .....................: (NA) 525 Wheat, all .............................: 45,738 49,628 35,480 37,722 Winter ...............................: 33,271 37,005 23,459 25,700 Durum ................................: 1,632 1,483 1,581 1,427 Other spring .........................: 10,835 11,140 10,440 10,595 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2,213.0 2,283.0 2,169.0 2,244.5 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) Flaxseed ...............................: 263 140 244 132 Mustard seed ...........................: 221.0 240.0 182.0 228.5 Peanuts ................................: 1,450.3 1,578.0 1,385.4 1,537.0 Rapeseed ...............................: 10.9 15.5 10.4 14.1 Safflower ..............................: 150.2 143.0 135.3 133.5 Soybeans for beans .....................: 87,450 83,505 86,336 82,696 Sunflower ..............................: 1,693.0 1,347.0 1,607.0 1,288.5 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all ............................: 13,761.0 11,087.0 7,307.7 Upland ...............................: 13,579.0 10,978.0 7,131.5 American Pima ........................: 182.0 109.0 176.2 Sugarbeets .............................: 1,159.5 1,128.5 1,137.1 1,110.7 Sugarcane ..............................: (NA) (NA) 930.2 922.0 Tobacco ................................: (NA) (NA) 201.8 193.3 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 353.1 387.0 341.9 374.6 Dry edible beans .......................: 1,250.0 1,211.0 1,223.0 1,167.4 Dry edible peas ........................: 919.0 999.0 862.0 934.0 Lentils ................................: 660.0 533.0 602.0 487.0 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: (NA) (NA) 59.8 54.7 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .........................: (NA) 34.0 Potatoes ...............................: 901.0 949.0 895.6 941.9 Spearmint oil ..........................: (NA) 13.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2022 and 2023 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2023 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- 1,000 -------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 71.7 174,333 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 173.3 13,729,719 Corn for silage ....................tons: 18.7 128,567 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.28 112,801 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.22 47,958 All other ........................tons: 1.87 64,843 Oats ............................bushels: 64.8 57,655 Proso millet ....................bushels: 18.5 9,403 Rice 2/ .............................cwt: 7,383 160,368 Rye .............................bushels: 36.1 12,301 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 41.1 187,785 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 10.8 5,662 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 46.5 1,649,878 Winter ........................bushels: 47.0 44.9 1,103,707 1,136,465 Durum .........................bushels: 40.5 63,981 Other spring ..................bushels: 46.2 482,190 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,762 3,821,810 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) 4,415.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 17.6 4,304 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 557 101,290 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 4,019 5,568,150 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 1,863 19,380 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,213 164,054 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 49.5 4,276,123 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,750 2,812,540 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ ....................bales: 950 14,468.0 Upland 2/ .......................bales: 942 13,998.0 American Pima 2/ ................bales: 1,280 470.0 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 28.6 32,574 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 37.3 34,671 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 2,217 447,367 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas, all 2/ ...................cwt: 1,070 3,658 Dry edible beans 2/ .................cwt: 2,113 25,847 Dry edible peas 2/ ..................cwt: 1,751 15,092 Lentils 2/ ..........................cwt: 912 5,489 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops .............................pounds: 1,694 101,286.3 Maple syrup .....................gallons: (NA) (NA) 4,943 4,179 Mushrooms ........................pounds: (NA) 702,391 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 99 3,349 Potatoes ............................cwt: 438 392,243 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 120 1,648 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2022 and 2023 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2023 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 1,191,810 1,359,350 984,610 1,022,650 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 35,847,040 38,079,710 32,054,280 34,933,650 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,776,170 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 20,050,770 21,034,170 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) (NA) 6,035,140 6,336,640 All other ....................: (NA) (NA) 14,015,630 14,697,530 Oats ...........................: 1,044,500 1,014,960 360,170 321,320 Proso millet ...................: 257,790 285,310 205,180 Rice ...........................: 899,220 1,087,400 878,990 1,070,410 Rye ............................: 880,200 949,000 138,000 163,900 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,559,660 2,753,920 1,849,430 2,403,860 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 212,460 Wheat, all 2/ ..................: 18,509,710 20,083,960 14,358,400 15,265,720 Winter .......................: 13,464,440 14,975,550 9,493,620 10,400,530 Durum ........................: 660,450 600,160 639,810 577,490 Other spring .................: 4,384,820 4,508,250 4,224,960 4,287,690 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 895,580 923,910 877,770 908,330 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 106,430 56,660 98,740 53,420 Mustard seed ...................: 89,440 97,130 73,650 92,470 Peanuts ........................: 586,920 638,600 560,660 622,010 Rapeseed .......................: 4,410 6,270 4,210 5,710 Safflower ......................: 60,780 57,870 54,750 54,030 Soybeans for beans .............: 35,390,140 33,793,640 34,939,320 33,466,240 Sunflower ......................: 685,140 545,120 650,340 521,440 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 5,568,940 4,486,800 2,957,350 Upland .......................: 5,495,290 4,442,690 2,886,050 American Pima ................: 73,650 44,110 71,310 Sugarbeets .....................: 469,240 456,690 460,170 449,490 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) (NA) 376,440 373,120 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 81,650 78,220 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ......................: 142,900 156,620 138,360 151,600 Dry edible beans ...............: 505,860 490,080 494,940 472,440 Dry edible peas ................: 371,910 404,290 348,840 377,980 Lentils ........................: 267,100 215,700 243,620 197,080 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...........................: (NA) (NA) 24,190 22,140 Maple syrup ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ......................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 13,760 Potatoes .......................: 364,630 384,050 362,440 381,180 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 5,540 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2022 and 2023 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2023 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 3.85 3,795,650 Corn for grain .........................: 10.88 348,750,930 Corn for silage ........................: 42.01 116,634,020 Hay, all 2/ ............................: 5.10 102,331,350 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.21 43,506,770 All other ............................: 4.20 58,824,580 Oats ...................................: 2.32 836,860 Proso millet ...........................: 1.04 213,260 Rice ...................................: 8.28 7,274,170 Rye ....................................: 2.26 312,460 Sorghum for grain ......................: 2.58 4,769,960 Sorghum for silage .....................: 24.18 5,136,480 Wheat, all 2/ ..........................: 3.13 44,902,320 Winter ...............................: 3.16 2.97 30,037,980 30,929,510 Durum ................................: 2.72 1,741,280 Other spring .........................: 3.11 13,123,060 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 1.97 1,733,540 Cottonseed .............................: (X) 4,005,220 Flaxseed ...............................: 1.11 109,330 Mustard seed ...........................: 0.62 45,940 Peanuts ................................: 4.50 2,525,670 Rapeseed ...............................: 2.09 8,790 Safflower ..............................: 1.36 74,410 Soybeans for beans .....................: 3.33 116,377,000 Sunflower ..............................: 1.96 1,275,750 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .........................: 1.07 3,150,040 Upland ...............................: 1.06 3,047,710 American Pima ........................: 1.44 102,330 Sugarbeets .............................: 64.22 29,550,640 Sugarcane ..............................: 83.55 31,453,000 Tobacco ................................: 2.49 202,920 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 1.20 165,920 Dry edible beans .......................: 2.37 1,172,400 Dry edible peas ........................: 1.96 684,560 Lentils ................................: 1.02 248,980 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: 1.90 45,940 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) 24,720 20,900 Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) 318,600 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.11 1,520 Potatoes ...............................: 49.09 17,791,840 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.13 750 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. Spring Weather Review Highlights: The West's frenetically stormy winter continued through March and into early April, followed by the return of more typical conditions. Still, long-term Western drought was largely eradicated by mid-spring, except across the region's northern tier. According to the Drought Monitor, drought coverage in the western United States decreased to 17 percent by May 30, down from 54 percent at the end of February and 74 percent in late-September 2022. Similar drought improvements were noted on a national scale, with coverage across the contiguous United States falling to 19 percent on May 30. Spring had begun with drought covering 38 percent of the Lower 48 States, following a 126-week run-from September 29, 2020, to February 21, 2023-with coverage exceeding 40 percent. However, early- to mid-spring precipitation largely bypassed a core drought area in the Nation's mid-section, leaving extreme to exceptional drought (D3 to D4) intact, mainly from eastern Nebraska into parts of Texas. The lack of rain, following winter drought and temperature extremes, left a portion of the winter wheat crop in terrible shape. By May 30, more than one-third (35 percent) of the Nation's winter wheat crop was rated in very poor to poor condition, led by Kansas at 69 percent. Other states reporting more than one-quarter of the winter wheat in very poor to poor condition on that date were Nebraska (51 percent), Texas (40 percent), Colorado (39 percent), Oklahoma (27 percent), and Oregon (27 percent). During May, however, plentiful rain developed across the High Plains, with positive impacts on rangeland, pastures, immature winter wheat, and emerging summer crops. Nationally, rangeland and pastures started the season on May 7 rated 37 percent very poor to poor, improving to 22 percent by May 28. On the later date, Kansas led the Nation with 51 percent of its rangeland and pastures rated very poor to poor, followed by Nebraska at 43 percent. Emerging drought in the Northeast left 34 percent of Pennsylvania's pastures in very poor to poor condition by May 28. In contrast, the West benefited from the stormy winter and early spring, with rangeland and pastures rated at least one-half good to excellent on May 28 in six states, led by California (90 percent). Midwestern spring dryness favored corn and soybean planting but reduced topsoil moisture for crop emergence and establishment. However, concerns were more acute west of the Mississippi River, where some longer-term drought issues already existed. By May 28, nearly all (92 percent) of the intended national corn acreage had been planted, versus the 5-year average of 84 percent. Soybean planting also advanced quickly-compared to the 5-year average pace of 65 percent-with 83 percent of the national acreage planted by May 28. Historical Perspective: According to preliminary data provided by the National Centers for Environmental Information, the spring of 2023 featured near-normal temperatures and precipitation, based on national statistics. The contiguous United States experienced its 46th-warmest, 61st-driest March-May period in the last 129 years. The national average temperature of 51.5°F was 0.6°F above the 1901-2000 mean, while precipitation averaged 7.86 inches- 99 percent of normal. State temperature rankings ranged from the 15th-coolest spring on record in North Dakota to the fourth-warmest spring in Florida. Massachusetts joined Florida on the top-ten list for warmest springs. Meanwhile, state precipitation rankings ranged from the ninth-driest spring in Maryland and Pennsylvania to the 20th-wettest spring in California. Kansas, with its 13th-driest spring, narrowly missed the top-ten list while experiencing its driest March-May period since 2014. March: Drought continued to disappear at an incredibly fast pace across much of the country, although punishing conditions persisted on the central and southern High Plains. Most of the severely drought-affected areas endured mostly dry, windy March weather, leading to periods of blowing dust and a chronically elevated wildfire threat. By April 2, more than one-third of the winter wheat was rated in very poor to poor condition in Kansas (57 percent), Texas (47 percent), Oklahoma (40 percent), and Nebraska (38 percent). On the same date, only 28 percent of the Nation's winter wheat was rated in good to excellent condition, lowest since 1996, when the April 7 report showed 27 percent of the crop in those two categories. Topsoil moisture reports also highlighted the severity of the central and southern Plains' drought. On April 2, topsoil moisture was rated one-half to three-quarters very short to short in Kansas (73 percent), Texas (72 percent), New Mexico (68 percent), Oklahoma (63 percent), and Nebraska (56 percent). Much of Florida's peninsula was also very dry during March, leading to a statewide value of 48 percent very short to short by April 2. In contrast, topsoil moisture on that date was rated 40 to 60 percent surplus in portions of the mid-South, Midwest, and West, including Arkansas, California, Nevada, Utah, and five Midwestern States east of the Mississippi River. Some of the wetness in the South and Midwest was accompanied by severe thunderstorms, especially on March 2-3, 24-26, and 31. Multiple deadly tornadoes occurred on the 24th and 31st. Although stormy weather covered much of the western and north-central United States in March, there were subtle exceptions. For example, relatively dry weather prevailed along and near portions of the Canadian border, especially from Washington into northwestern Montana. Farther south, however, the average water equivalency of the Sierra Nevada snowpack topped 60 inches, according to the California Department of Water Resources, 235 percent of the normal April 1 value. Snowpack in the southern Sierra Nevada, also greater than 60 inches and roughly three times normal, surpassed the 1982-83 record value. Even with so much moisture still locked into the mountain snowpack, extensive flooding affected parts of California. On March 11, the Pajaro River at Chittenden, California, achieved its highest crest since February 1998. Along the same waterway, extensive levee breaks flooded the northern Monterey County community of Pajaro, as well as neighboring agricultural land. Less than 2 weeks later in the San Joaquin Valley, Tulare Lake basin began to fill, covering pastures, fields, and orchards, while threatening low-lying communities. The historic lakebed, normally kept dry by a network of canals and levees, partially floods during and after extremely wet seasons, such as 1968-69 and 1982-83. The West's stormy pattern, which also featured record-setting early-month snowfall in southern California and subsequent recovery efforts, extended to other areas, such as the northern Plains and Midwest. Some locations in the north-central United States, including Bismarck and Grand Forks, North Dakota, reported a continuous snow cover from November 10, 2022, through the end of March 2023. Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minnesota, which had reported at least an inch of snow on the ground each day since November 29, 2022, finally saw its coverage reduced to less than an inch (a trace) by March 26. As late-winter storms continued to move across the northern Plains and upper Midwest, livestock producers faced challenges during lambing and calving, which in North Dakota was 62 and 39 percent complete, respectively, by April 2. Elsewhere, March was generally a dry month in the middle and northern Atlantic States, following a nearly snowless winter from the Ohio Valley to the mid-Atlantic Coast. Farther south, a brief but sharp Southeastern cold snap peaked on March 20-21, with freezes occurring as far south as the Gulf Coast in Alabama, Mississippi, and western Florida. Overall, March was a warm month in the Deep South and along the Atlantic Seaboard, with temperatures averaging up to 5°F above normal across peninsular Florida, but was unusually cold across the Plains, West, and upper Midwest. Monthly temperatures averaged at least 10 to 15°F below normal in numerous locations from the Intermountain West to the northern Plains. April: For much of the month, cool Western weather limited the rate of melting snow. By May 1, the average water equivalency of the Sierra Nevada snowpack stood near 50 inches, according to the California Department of Water Resources, down about a foot from the seasonal peak of 62 inches. In late April, however, sudden heat led to increases in Western streamflow and local flooding, as well as corresponding dam releases. Seasonably dry weather prevailed during April in much of California, the Great Basin, and the Southwest, while occasional showers stretched from the Pacific Northwest to the northern Rockies. Farther east, snow was also slow to melt in parts of the north-central United States, helping to hold April temperatures 5 to 7°F below normal in North Dakota locations such as Bismarck, Dickinson, and Minot. The lingering snow cover, accompanied by chilly conditions and low soil temperatures, delayed the onset of spring fieldwork. By April 30, only 19 percent of the Nation's barley and 12 percent of the spring wheat had been planted, compared to respective 5-year averages of 35 and 22 percent. Sugarbeet planting had not begun by the end of April in Minnesota and North Dakota. Snow-melt flooding was observed in parts of the upper Midwest, primarily along the Red, James, and Big Sioux Rivers. Significant flooding also occurred in the upper Mississippi Basin, where top-three crests were reported along the Mississippi River in locations such as La Crosse, Wisconsin (3.89 feet above flood stage on April 26), and Dubuque, Iowa (7.03 feet above flood stage on April 29). In those locations, higher crests were reported only in April 1965 and 2001. In contrast, deeply entrenched drought persisted during April across the central and southern Plains, with adverse impacts on rangeland, pastures, winter grains, and emerging summer crops. By April 30, nearly one-half (42 percent) of the Nation's winter wheat was rated in very poor to poor condition, led by Kansas (64 percent very poor to poor), Oklahoma (61 percent), Texas (57 percent), and Nebraska (51 percent). North Platte, Nebraska-with monthly precipitation totaling 0.04 inch-tied a 1928 standard for its driest April on record. Additionally, Wichita, Kansas, received a March-April total of 0.72 inch, the driest such period since 1936. Elsewhere, generally wet April weather prevailed across the South, while late-month downpours eased precipitation deficits in the middle and northern Atlantic States. Despite the rain, Southern planting activities remained mostly at or ahead of the normal pace. At the end of April, 63 percent of the intended national rice acreage and 15 percent of the cotton had been planted, versus respective 5-year averages of 49 and 14 percent. In addition, there was sufficient warmth across the eastern one-third of the United States to promote rapid development, including summer crop emergence. In fact, it was the warmest April on record in few Eastern locations, including Burlington, Vermont; Newark, New Jersey; and Brunswick, Georgia. May: During May, atmospheric blocking resulted in unusual warmth across the North, especially from the Pacific Northwest into the upper Midwest. In fact, it was the warmest May on record in some Pacific Northwestern locations, fueled by an early-season heat wave peaking from May 11-20. Monthly temperatures averaged at least 5°F above normal as far east as Minnesota. In contrast, cooler-than-normal conditions dominated the East, particularly the middle Atlantic States. A brief, mid-month cold snap, peaking on May 17-18, caused some freeze injury to Northeastern specialty crops, including apples and other tree fruits. The same blocking high-pressure system responsible for Northern warmth contributed to record-shattering dryness in parts of the Midwest and Northeast. Monthly rainfall totaling less than one-quarter inch marked the lowest May values on record in locations such as Omaha, Nebraska (0.17 inch), and Reading Pennsylvania (0.09 inch). By May 28, topsoil moisture rated very short to short climbed to 80 percent in Pennsylvania and 78 percent in Maryland. On the same date, topsoil moisture was rated at least 40 percent very short to short in all Midwestern States except Minnesota and North Dakota, led by Michigan (68 percent) and Missouri (62 percent). However, Northern warmth and dryness also promoted a rapid fieldwork pace, following earlier planting delays related to melting snow and low air and soil temperatures. For example, nearly all the northern Plains' sugarbeets were seeded in the 2-week period ending May 21, with North Dakota's planting progress advancing from 1 to 90 percent complete. Meanwhile, copious rain fell on the High Plains from Montana to Texas, especially during the mid- to late-month period. Borger, Texas, experienced its wettest month and May on record, with 9.70 inches-a value boosted by totals of at least an inch on May 3, 14, 17, and 18. However, significant rain bypassed portions of the central and southern Plains. Correspondingly, Kansas led the Nation on May 28 with 51 percent of its rangeland and pastures rated very poor to poor, followed by Nebraska at 43 percent. Additionally, late-spring rainfall on the central and southern Plains largely arrived too late to benefit winter wheat. On May 28, more than two-thirds (69 percent) of the winter wheat in Kansas was rated in very poor to poor condition, followed by Nebraska (51 percent) and Texas (40 percent). Farther west, recovery from a drought that had lasted up to 3 years neared completion, aside from storage in larger reservoirs. In California, runoff from earlier precipitation and melting snow led to ongoing flooding in the normally dry Tulare Lake basin, idling agricultural land and flooding low-lying communities in portions of the San Joaquin Valley. By the end of May, approximately one-third of the Sierra Nevada snowpack-containing more than 20 inches of liquid equivalency-had not yet melted, portending additional challenges for Western water managers contending with this year's heavy runoff. Meanwhile along the Colorado River, the surface elevation of Lake Mead-above Hoover Dam-rose to 1,054.28 feet by the end of May, up 13.36 feet from the end-of-month record low set on July 31, 2022. Farther north, however, patchy short-term drought began to re-emerge during May across roughly the northern one-third of the West, amid warmer-than-normal conditions. Some of the dryness was reflected by Oregon's statistics, which indicated that topsoil moisture was rated 60 percent very short to short by May 28. Elsewhere, much of the Deep South received ample rain during May, maintaining generally favorable conditions for pastures and summer crops. In fact, some previously dry areas, including Florida's peninsula, received beneficial May rainfall. Crop Comments Corn: The 2023 corn planted area for all purposes is estimated at 94.1 million acres, up 6 percent from last year. This represents the third highest planted acreage in the United States since 1944. Growers expect to harvest 86.3 million acres for grain, up 9 percent from last year. Record low planted area is estimated in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and record high planted area is estimated in Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, and South Dakota. Farmers responding to the survey indicated that 2.49 million acres of the estimated corn acreage remain to be planted at the time of the interview. By April 2, producers had planted 2 percent of the Nation's corn crop, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. By April 9, producers had planted 3 percent of the Nation's corn crop, 1 percentage point ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. By April 16, producers had planted 8 percent of the Nation's corn crop, 4 percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By April 23, producers had planted 14 percent of the Nation's corn crop, 7 percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Three percent of the Nation's corn acreage had emerged by April 23, one percentage point ahead of both the previous year and the 5-year average. By April 30, producers had planted 26 percent of the Nation's corn crop, 13 percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Six percent of the Nation's corn acreage had emerged by April 30, three percentage points ahead of the previous year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By May 7, producers had planted 49 percent of the Nation's corn crop, 28 percentage points ahead of last year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Twelve percent of the Nation's corn acreage had emerged by May 7, seven percentage points ahead of the previous year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By May 14, producers had planted 65 percent of the Nation's corn crop, 20 percentage points ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Thirty percent of the Nation's corn acreage had emerged by May 14, seventeen percentage points ahead of the previous year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 21, producers had planted 81 percent of the Nation's corn crop, 12 percentage points ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Fifty-two percent of the Nation's corn acreage had emerged by May 21, seventeen percentage points ahead of the previous year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 28, producers had planted 92 percent of the Nation's corn crop, 8 percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Seventy-two percent of the Nation's corn acreage had emerged by May 28, fourteen percentage points ahead of the previous year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On May 28, sixty-nine percent of the Nation's corn acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 4 percentage points below the previous year. By June 4, producers had planted 96 percent of the Nation's corn crop, 3 percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Eighty-five percent of the Nation's corn acreage had emerged by June 4, nine percentage points ahead of the previous year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-three percent of the Nation's corn acreage had emerged by June 11, six percentage points ahead of both the previous year and the 5-year average. Ninety-six percent of the Nation's corn acreage had emerged by June 18, two percentage points ahead of both the previous year and the 5-year average. On June 18, fifty-five percent of the corn acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 15 percentage points below the previous year. Ninety-three percent of this year's corn acreage was planted with biotechnology seed varieties, the same as last year. Biotechnology seed includes traits for insect resistance (Bt), herbicide resistance, or stacked gene which contains traits for both herbicide and insect resistance. Sorghum: Growers planted 6.81 million acres of sorghum for all purposes in 2023, up 8 percent from last year. Kansas and Texas, the leading sorghum- producing States, account for 77 percent of the United States acreage. Growers expect to harvest 5.94 million acres for grain, up 30 percent from last year. Seventy-three percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was planted by June 18, five percentage points behind the previous year and 9 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By June 18, fifteen percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage had reached the headed stage, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Sixty percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on June 18, three percentage points above the previous week and 14 percentage points above the previous year. Oats: Area expected to be seeded to oats for the 2023 crop year is estimated at 2.51 million acres, down 3 percent from 2022. Planted acreage is down in 17 of the 23 major producing States compared to last year. Harvested acres, forecast at 794,000 acres, is down 11 percent from 2022. If realized, the United States planted area will be the lowest on record. Record low planted acreage is expected in California, Minnesota, Ohio, Texas, and Wisconsin. Nationally, oat producers seeded 25 percent of this year's acreage by April 2, on pace with both last year and the 5-year average. By April 30, producers had seeded 49 percent of this year's acreage, 5 percentage points ahead of last year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Seventy-five percent of the oat acreage was emerged by May 28, six percentage points ahead of last year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Fifty-eight percent of the oat crop was headed by June 18, seventeen percentage points ahead of last year and 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. As of June 18, forty-five percent of the oat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, fifteen percentage points lower than the percent rated in these two crop condition categories at the same time last year. Barley: Producers seeded 3.36 million acres of barley for the 2023 crop year, up 14 percent from the previous year. Harvested area, forecast at 2.53 million acres, is up 4 percent from 2022. Nationwide, 92 percent of the barley acreage was sown by June 4, two percentage points ahead of last year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Twenty-one percent of the Nation's barley acreage had reached the headed stage by June 25, four percentage points ahead of last year but 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On June 25, forty-six percent of the Nation's barley acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 7 percentage points below the same time last year. Winter wheat: The 2023 winter wheat planted area is estimated at 37.0 million acres, down 1 percent from the previous estimate but up 11 percent from last year. Of the total planted acreage, approximately 25.7 million acres are Hard Red Winter, 7.66 million acres are Soft Red Winter, and 3.68 million acres are White Winter. Much of the Central Plains and Ohio Valley States are expecting increased planted acres from 2022. If realized, Utah will have a record low planted area. Area harvested for grain is forecast at 25.7 million acres, up 2 percent from the previous forecast and up 10 percent from last year. As of June 25, harvest was 24 percent complete, 9 percentage points behind the 5-year average pace. Producers expect to harvest 70 percent of the planted acres for grain. If realized, this harvest ratio would be the lowest since 1933. Dry conditions in Kansas, Nebraska, and Oklahoma are factoring into the increased abandonment. Producers in Utah are expecting a record low harvested area. As of June 25, the winter wheat condition rating in Kansas, the leading wheat-producing State, was 16 percent good to excellent. Harvest in Kansas was 21 percent complete, as of June 25, seventeen percentage points behind the 5-year average pace. Durum wheat: Area seeded to Durum wheat for 2023 is estimated at 1.48 million acres, down 9 percent from 2022. Of the five estimating States, four States expect to be down from last year. Area harvested for grain is expected to total 1.43 million acres, down 10 percent from last year. As of June 25, harvest in Arizona was 81 percent complete, 8 percentage points behind last year but the same as the 5-year average pace. Other spring wheat: Growers intend to plant 11.1 million acres of other spring wheat, up 3 percent from 2022. Of this total, about 10.5 million acres are Hard Red Spring wheat. Planted area in North Dakota, the largest spring wheat-producing State, is estimated at 5.60 million acres, up 6 percent from last year. As of June 25, thirty-one percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage was headed, 24 percentage points ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Despite the late start to planting in North Dakota, crop development is well ahead of last year and slightly ahead of the 5-year average as of June 25. Harvested area is expected to total 10.6 million acres, up 1 percent from last year. As of June 25, fifty percent of the acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, a decrease of 9 percent from the same time last year. Rye: The 2023 planted area for rye is estimated at 2.35 million acres, up 8 percent from 2022. Harvested area is expected to total 405,000 acres, up 19 percent from last year. In Oklahoma, 60 percent of the rye acreage was harvested by June 25, nine percentage points behind last year and eight percentage points behind the 5-year average pace. Rice: Area planted to rice in 2023 is expected to total 2.69 million acres, up 21 percent from 2022. Area for harvest is forecast at 2.65 million acres, up 22 percent from last year. Long grain rice planted area increased 10 percent from last year. Planted acreage in Arkansas, the largest long grain rice-producing State, is expected to be up 15 percent from last year. Nationally, medium grain acres increased by 70 percent from 2022. California, the largest medium and short grain-producing State, increased medium grain acres by 98 percent in 2023 and increased short grain acres by 10 percent. Short grain area, estimated at 33,000 acres for the Nation, is up 10 percent, or 3,000 acres, compared to the 2022 planted acres. As of June 25, seventy percent of the rice acreage was rated in good to excellent condition compared with seventy-three percent at the same time last year. Proso millet: Area planted to proso millet in 2023 is estimated at 705,000 acres, up 68,000 acres from 2022. Nebraska and South Dakota planted acreage is up from last year. Colorado planted acreage is down from the previous year. Planting progress in Colorado was 54 percent complete as of the week ending June 18, behind last year's 58 percent complete. Hay: Producers intend to harvest 52.0 million acres of all hay in 2023, up 5 percent from 2022. Alfalfa harvested acreage is expected to be 15.7 million acres, up 5 percent from 2022. All other hay (excluding alfalfa) is expected to be up 5 percent from last year, at 36.3 million acres. For all hay harvested area, record lows are expected in Colorado and Delaware. Soybeans: The 2023 soybean planted area is estimated at 83.5 million acres, down 5 percent from last year. Compared with last year, planted acreage is down in 20 major producing States. Area for harvest, forecast at 82.7 million acres, is down 4 percent from 2022. If realized, this will be the 5th highest planted and 6th highest harvested soybean acreage on record. Record high planted area is estimated in New York. Farmers responding to the survey indicated that 8.22 million acres of the estimated soybean acreage remained to be planted at the time of the interview. Nationwide, 4 percent of the soybean acreage was planted by April 16, three percentage points ahead of last year and the 5-year average. Planting was most active in the Delta at that time, with Mississippi at 23 percent, Louisiana at 30 percent, and Arkansas at 19 percent planted. On April 30, nineteen percent of the soybeans were planted, 12 percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 7, nine percent of the Nation's soybean acreage had emerged, 6 percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationally, 36 percent of the soybean acreage was emerged by May 21, seventeen percentage points ahead of last year and 12 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 11, ninety-six percent of soybean acreage was planted with 86 percent emerged. On June 18, ninety-two percent of the soybeans were emerged, 11 percentage points ahead of last year and the 5-year average. At that time, 54 percent of the acres were reported in good to excellent condition. Peanuts: Planted area is estimated at 1.58 million acres in 2023, up 9 percent from 2022. Area for harvest is estimated at 1.54 million acres in 2023, up 11 percent from last year. In Georgia, the largest peanut-producing State, planted area is up 11 percent from 2022. As of June 25, sixty- nine percent of the acreage was rated in good to excellent condition compared to fifty-nine percent at the same time last year. Sunflower: Area planted to sunflowers in 2023 totals 1.35 million acres, down 20 percent from 2022. This represents the third lowest planted area for the Nation since 1976. Compared with last year, growers in all eight of the major sunflower-producing States showed a decrease in planted acreage this year, with four of the States decreasing by 20 percent or more. The State with the largest decline in acreage from last year is South Dakota, where planted area decreased 192,000 acres compared with last year. North Dakota is also showing a large decline compared with last year, with planted area down 92,000 acres from the previous year. Harvested area for sunflower is forecast at 1.29 million acres, a decrease of 20 percent from last year. Planted area in both California and Colorado are the lowest on record. Planted area of oil type varieties, at 1.18 million acres, is down 24 percent from 2022. This represents the sixth lowest planted area on record for the Nation. Compared with last year, planted area of oil type varieties is down more than 30 percent in Colorado, Nebraska, and South Dakota. The planted area for oil type varieties is the lowest on record in Colorado. Area planted to non-oil varieties, estimated at 164,000 acres, is up 15 percent from last year but still represents the sixth lowest on record for the Nation. Compared with last year, growers in five of the eight major sunflower-producing States had increases or no change in planted acreage for non-oil varieties. The largest increase compared with last year occurred in North Dakota, where planted acreage increased by 18,000 acres. Planting began in mid-May and progressed at a pace near to or ahead of the 5-year average in Colorado and the Dakotas during the month of May but was behind the normal pace in Kansas. As of May 28, twenty-eight percent of the Nation's acreage had been planted, 9 percentage points ahead of last year's pace and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. At that time, planting progress was ahead of the normal pace in Colorado and South Dakota but was behind the average pace in Kansas and North Dakota. As of May 28, planting progress in Kansas was 6 percentage points behind last year's pace and 12 percentage points behind normal. At that time, planting in North Dakota was 11 percentage points ahead of last year's pace but 3 percentage points behind normal. All four States made good progress during the first three weeks of June, with planting progress reaching 88 percent complete by June 18, ten percentage points ahead of last year's pace and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Canola: Planted area of canola is estimated at a record high 2.28 million acres in 2023, up 3 percent from last year's planted area. Area for harvest is forecast at 2.24 million acres, up 3 percent from last year. Planted area in North Dakota, the leading canola-producing State, is up 6 percent from last year and is the highest area on record. Planted area in Washington, at 155,000 acres, is a record high and the area forecast for harvest in the State will be a record high, if realized. Compared with last year, planted area is down more than 10 percent in Minnesota and Montana, and down more than 60 percent in Kansas and Oklahoma. Both planted and harvested area will be a record low in Kansas and Oklahoma, if realized. Flaxseed: Growers intend to plant 140,000 acres of flaxseed in 2023, a decrease of 47 percent from 2022 planted acres and will represent the lowest total for the Nation since 1996, if realized. Planted acreage in North Dakota, the largest flaxseed-producing State, is expected to be down 39 percent, or 65,000 acres from 2022 and will represent the lowest total for the State since 1996, if realized. Planted acreage in Montana is expected to decrease 59 percent from the previous year. Safflower: Area planted to safflower in 2023 is estimated at 143,000 acres, down 7,200 acres from 2022 and represents the third lowest planted area for the Nation since records began in 1991. Area for harvest is forecast at 133,500 acres, down 1,800 acres from last year. Compared with last year, planted acreage is down in three of the five major producing States. The largest decline compared with last year is in California, where planted area is down 11,000 acres from 2022 and is the second lowest planted area on record. The largest increase compared with the previous year is in Utah, where planted area is up 7,000 acres from last year's record low level. Other oilseeds: Planted area of mustard seed for the Nation is estimated at a record high 240,000 acres, up 9 percent from 2022. Mustard seed area for harvest is forecast at a record high 228,500 acres, up 26 percent from the previous year. Acreage planted to rapeseed is estimated at 15,500 acres, up 4,600 acres from 2022. Harvested rapeseed area is forecast at 14,100 acres, up 3,700 acres from last year. Planted and harvested area for the Nation will both be the second highest on record for rapeseed since records began in 1991, if realized. Cotton: Growers planted 11.1 million acres in 2023, down 19 percent from last year. Upland area is estimated at 11.0 million acres, down 19 percent from 2022. American Pima area is estimated at 109,000 acres, down 40 percent from 2022. Compared with last year, Upland planted area decreased in 16 of the 17 major cotton-producing States. The largest decrease is in Texas, where Upland planted acreage decreased by 1.75 million acres from last year. In addition to Texas, the three States of Arkansas, Mississippi, and Oklahoma are also showing a decrease of 100,000 acres or more compared with last year. Nationwide, 89 percent of the cotton crop was planted by June 18, six percentage points behind the previous year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nineteen percent of the Nation's cotton acreage had reached the squaring stage by June 18, two percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. On June 18, forty-seven percent of the 2023 cotton acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 2 percentage points below the previous week but 7 percentage points above the previous year. Producers planted 97 percent of their acreage with seed varieties developed using biotechnology, up 2 percentage points from last year. Varieties containing insect resistance (Bt) were planted on 3 percent of the acreage, no change from 2022. Herbicide resistant varieties were planted on 8 percent of the acreage, up 2 percentage points from last year. Stacked gene varieties, those containing both insect and herbicide resistance, were planted on 86 percent of the acreage, unchanged from a year ago. Sugarbeets: Area planted to sugarbeets for the 2023 crop year is estimated at 1.13 million acres, down 3 percent from 2022. Harvested area is forecasted at 1.11 million acres, down 2 percent from last year. In Minnesota, by the end of May, planting was virtually complete, ahead of the 5-year average of 90 percent. In North Dakota, by the end of May, planting was at 99 percent, ahead of the 5-year average of 90 percent. Sugarcane: Harvested area of sugarcane for sugar and seed in the United States is forecast at 922,000 acres for the 2023 crop year, down 1 percent from last year. Growers in Louisiana, the largest growing State in terms of harvested acres, are expected to harvest 505,000 acres, or 55 percent of the Nation's acreage. As of the week ending June 18, seventy-one percent of the crop in Louisiana was rated as good to excellent. Tobacco: United States all tobacco area for harvest in 2023 is expected to total 193,280 acres, down 4 percent from 2022. If realized, this will be the second lowest tobacco harvested area on record. Flue-cured tobacco, at 134,400 acres, is down 4 percent from 2022 and accounts for 70 percent of this year's total expected tobacco acreage. Total light air-cured tobacco type area, at 33,480 acres, is up 3 percent from 2022. The burley portion of light air-cured tobacco, at 33,420 acres, is up 3 percent from last year. Fire-cured tobacco, at 13,600 acres, is down 16 percent from 2022. Dark air-cured tobacco, at 8,100 acres, is down 15 percent from last year. Cigar filler tobacco, at 3,700 acres, is up 3 percent from the previous year. Dry edible beans: Area planted for dry edible beans in 2023 is estimated at 1.21 million acres, down 3 percent from last year. Area harvested is forecast to total 1.17 million acres, down 5 percent from last year. Seven of the nine estimating States show a decrease in area planted for dry edible beans compared to last year. Chickpeas: Area planted for all chickpeas for the 2023 crop year is estimated at 387,000 acres, up 10 percent from the previous year. Area harvested for all chickpeas is forecast at 374,600 acres, 10 percent above 2022. Small chickpea area planted is estimated at 99,500 acres, up 25 percent from 2022. Area harvested for small chickpeas is forecast at 96,400 acres, up 22 percent from the previous year. Area planted for large chickpeas in 2023 is estimated at 287,500 acres, up 5 percent from the previous year. Large chickpea area harvested is forecast at 278,200 acres, up 6 percent from 2022. Lentils: Area planted for the 2023 crop year is estimated at 533,000 acres, down 19 percent from the previous season. Area harvested is forecast to total 487,000 acres, down 19 percent from the previous season. All estimating States show a decrease in area planted compared to last year. As of the week ending June 18, ninety-one percent of Montana's crop has emerged. Dry edible peas: Area planted for the 2023 crop year is estimated at 999,000 acres, up 9 percent from the previous season. Area harvested is forecasted to total 934,000 acres, up 8 percent from the previous season. As of the week ending June 18, crop emergence has reached 94 percent in Montana. Potatoes: Area planted to potatoes in 2023 is estimated at 949,000 acres, up 5 percent from 2022. Harvested area is forecast at 941,900 acres, up 5 percent from the previous year. United States Planted area will be the highest since 2019, if realized. In Idaho, planted acres will be the highest since 2012. Planting was behind last year, but potatoes are emerging earlier with ninety-one percent of the crop emerged as of June 18. In Washington, planting started behind last year, but potatoes are emerging ahead of last year with 95 percent emerged compared to 88 percent last year. Statistical Methodology Survey procedures: The estimates of planted and harvested acreages in this report are based primarily on surveys conducted during the first 2 weeks of June. These surveys are based on a probability area frame survey with a sample of approximately 9,100 segments or parcels of land (average approximately 1 square mile) and a probability list frame survey with a sample of approximately 63,700 farm operators. Enumerators conducting the probability area frame survey contact all farmers having operations within the sampled segments of land and account for their operations. From these data, estimates can be calculated. For the probability list frame survey, data from operators was collected by mail, internet, telephone, or personal interview to obtain information on these operations. Responses from the probability list frame survey sample plus data from the probability area frame survey sample of operations that were not on the list to be sampled are combined to provide another estimate of planted and harvested acreages. Estimating procedures: National, Regional, State, and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. Each Regional Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). Survey data are compiled to the National level and are reviewed at this level independently of each State's review. Acreage estimates were based on survey data and the historical relationship of official estimates to survey data. Revision policy: Estimates of acres for barley, oats, and wheat are subject to revision in the August Crop Production report. Acres for chickpeas, corn, cotton, dry edible peas, lentils, peanuts, rice, sorghum, soybeans, and sugarbeets are subject for revision in the September Crop Production report each year. Barley, oat, rye, and wheat end-of-season estimates are made in the Small Grains Annual report at the end of September. Canola, dry edible beans, and sunflower acres are subject to revision in the October Crop Production report. Potato acres are subject to revision in the November Crop Production report. End-of-season estimates for all other row crops are made in the Annual Crop Production Summary in January. Following the marketing year revisions are made if the balance sheet or other administrative data warrant changes. Revisions to planted acres will only be made when either special survey data, administrative data, such as Farm Service Agency program "sign up" data, or remote sensing data are available. Harvested acres may be revised any time a production forecast is made if there is strong evidence that the intended harvested area has changed since the last forecast. Estimates will also be reviewed following the 5-year Census of Agriculture. No revisions will be made after that date. Reliability: The survey used to make acreage estimates is subject to sampling and non-sampling type errors that are common to all surveys. Both types of errors for major crops generally are between 1.0 and 6.0 percent. Sampling errors represent the variability between estimates that would result if many different samples were surveyed at the same time. Sampling errors cannot be applied directly to the acreage published in this report to determine confidence intervals since the official estimates represent a composite of information from more than a single source. The relative standard errors from the 2023 area frame survey for United States planted acres were: barley 11.2 percent, corn 1.2 percent, Upland cotton 3.5 percent, sorghum 6.8 percent, soybeans 1.3 percent, other spring wheat 4.6 percent, and winter wheat 2.4 percent. The biotechnology estimates are also subject to sampling variability because all operations planting biotech varieties are not included in the sample. The variability for the 48 corn States, as measured by the relative standard error at the United States level, is approximately 0.4 percent for all biotech varieties, 8.5 percent for insect resistant (Bt) only varieties, 4.8 percent for herbicide resistant only varieties, and 0.6 percent for stacked gene varieties. This means that chances are approximately 95 out of 100 that survey estimates will be within plus or minus 0.8 percent for all biotech varieties, 17.0 percent for insect resistant (Bt) varieties, 9.6 percent for herbicide resistant varieties, and 1.2 percent for stacked gene varieties. Variability for the 29 soybean States is approximately 0.3 percent for herbicide resistant varieties. Variability for the 17 Upland cotton States is approximately 0.6 percent for all biotech varieties, 18.4 percent for insect resistant (Bt) varieties, 11.8 percent for herbicide resistant varieties, and 1.4 percent for stacked gene varieties. Non-sampling errors cannot be measured directly. They may occur due to incorrect reporting and/or recording, data omissions or duplications, and errors in processing. To minimize non-sampling errors, vigorous quality controls are used in the data collection process and all data are carefully reviewed for consistency and reasonableness. A method of evaluating the reliability of acreage estimates in this report is the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performances shown below for selected crops. This is computed by expressing the deviations between the planted acreage estimates and the final estimates as a percent of the final estimates and averaging the squared percentage deviations for the 2003-2022 twenty-year period; the square root of this average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current estimates relative to the final estimates assuming that factors affecting this year's estimate are not different from those influencing the past 20 years. For example, the "Root Mean Square Error" for the corn planted estimate is 1.1 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current corn acreage will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 1.1 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 1.9 percent. Also, shown in the table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the difference between the mid-year planted acres estimate and the final estimates. Using corn again as an example, changes between the mid-year estimates and the final estimates during the past 20 years have averaged 809,000 acres, ranging from 39,000 acres to 2.01 million acres. The mid-year planted acres have been below the final estimate 5 times and above 15 times. This does not imply that the mid-year planted estimate this year is likely to understate or overstate the final estimate. Reliability June Planted Acreage Estimates [Based on data for the past twenty years] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Difference between forecast : : : and final estimate : : :---------------------------------------------------------------- : : 90 percent : Thousand acres : Years Crop : Root mean : confidence :---------------------------------------------------------------- : square error : interval : : : : Below : Above : : : Average : Smallest : Largest : final : final --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ percent ------ --------- 1,000 acres -------- ---- number --- : Barley .......................: 3.5 6.0 90 1 251 6 14 Corn .........................: 1.1 1.9 809 39 2,014 5 15 Hay 1/ : Alfalfa 1/ ..................: 4.0 7.0 515 14 2,032 5 15 Other 1/ ....................: 2.8 4.9 889 21 2,116 4 16 Oats .........................: 5.6 9.7 141 24 281 6 14 Peanuts ......................: 4.5 7.8 58 2 149 13 7 Potatoes .....................: 1.1 1.9 8 1 30 11 9 Rice .........................: 3.6 6.2 84 1 206 12 8 Sorghum ......................: 6.9 12.0 393 20 1,133 9 11 Soybeans .....................: 1.7 2.9 949 32 3,940 6 14 Sugarbeets ...................: 0.8 1.3 7 (Z) 19 10 10 Sugarcane 1/ .................: 2.0 3.4 15 3 33 8 12 Upland cotton ................: 3.7 6.4 351 8 1,257 12 8 Wheat : Winter wheat ................: 1.5 2.7 472 5 1,147 4 16 Durum wheat .................: 10.5 18.2 154 3 388 8 12 Other spring ................: 3.4 5.8 292 2 1,283 9 11 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Harvested acreage. USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch..................................................... (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section............................................ (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop Progress and Condition...................................... (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans............................................. (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Barley, Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings.. (202) 690-1042 David Colwell - Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products........................... (202) 720-8800 Michelle Harder - County Estimates, Hay......................................... (202) 690-8533 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat..................................................... (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet..................................... (202) 720-9526 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum................................. (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Sunflower, Other Oilseeds...................................... (202) 720-7369 Lihan Wei - Peanuts, Rice....................................................... (202) 720-7688 Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section................... (202) 720-2127 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Asparagus, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Sweet Corn, Tobacco................................................... (202) 720-4288 Robert Little - Apricots, Dry Beans, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple Syrup, Nectarines, Pears, Snap Beans, Spinach, Tomatoes..................................... (202) 720-3250 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Cauliflower, Celery, Garlic, Grapefruit, Kiwifruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios.................................................................. (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Blueberries, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Raspberries, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes............. (202) 720-4285 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Papayas, Peaches, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons................ (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cabbage, Chickpeas, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Grapes, Hops, Pecans............................. (202) 720-4215 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS's and other agency's archived reports. The new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. If you need instructions to set up an account or subscribe, they are located at: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist notifications@usda-esmis.library.cornell.edu in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@usda.gov. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) 690-7442 or email at program.intake@usda.gov.