Quarterly Hogs and Pigs ISSN: 1949-1921 Released March 30, 2023, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). United States Hog Inventory Up Slightly United States inventory of all hogs and pigs on March 1, 2023 was 72.9 million head. This was up slightly from March 1, 2022, but down 2 percent from December 1, 2022. Breeding inventory, at 6.13 million head, was up slightly from last year, but down slightly from the previous quarter. Market hog inventory, at 66.7 million head, was up slightly from last year, but down 2 percent from last quarter. The December 2022-February 2023 pig crop, at 32.1 million head, was up slightly from last year. Sows farrowing during this period totaled 2.91 million head, down slightly from previous year. The sows farrowed during this quarter represented 47 percent of the breeding herd. The average pigs saved per litter was 11.02 for the December 2022-February 2023 period, compared to 10.95 last year. United States hog producers intend to have 2.93 million sows farrow during the March-May 2023 quarter, down 1 percent from the actual farrowings during the same period one year earlier, and down 3 percent from the same period two years earlier. Intended farrowings for June-August 2023, at 2.97 million sows, are down 3 percent from the same period one year earlier, and down 3 percent from the same period two years earlier. The total number of hogs under contract owned by operations with over 5,000 head, but raised by contractees, accounted for 51 percent of the total United States hog inventory, up 2 percent from the previous year. Revisions All inventory and pig crop estimates for March 2022 through December 2022 were reviewed using final pig crop, official slaughter, death loss, and updated import and export data. The revision made to the December 2022 all hogs and pigs inventory was 1.8 percent. A revision of 1.6 percent was made to the September 2022-November 2023 pig crop. The net revision made to the September 2022 all hogs and pigs inventory was 0.4 percent. A net revision of 1.5 percent was made to the June-August 2022 pig crop. Records Record highs for all hogs and pigs, market hogs, pig crop and pigs per litter, by quarter, can be found on page 13. This report was approved on March 30, 2023. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Cynthia Nickerson Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Joseph L. Parsons Contents Hogs and Pigs Inventory by Class, Weight Group, and Quarter - United States: 2022 and 2023................. 4 Sows Farrowing, Pig Crop, and Pigs per Litter - United States: 2021-2023................................... 5 Monthly Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - United States: December-November 2022 and 2023..... 5 Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: March 1, 2022 and 2023................... 6 Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: March 1, 2022 and 2023........................ 6 Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: June 1, 2021 and 2022.................... 7 Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: June 1, 2021 and 2022......................... 7 Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: September 1, 2021 and 2022............... 8 Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: September 1, 2021 and 2022.................... 8 Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: December 1, 2021 and 2022................ 9 Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: December 1, 2021 and 2022..................... 9 Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: December-February 2022 and 2023.. 10 Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: March-May 2021-2023.............. 10 Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: June-August 2021-2023............ 11 Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: September-November 2021 and 2022........................................................................... 11 Statistical Methodology.................................................................................... 12 Reliability of Quarterly Hog Estimates..................................................................... 12 Records by Quarter - United States: 1866 to Present........................................................ 13 Information Contacts....................................................................................... 13 Hogs and Pigs Inventory by Class, Weight Group, and Quarter - United States: 2022 and 2023 [May not add due to rounding. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : 2023 as Item : 2022 : 2023 : percent : : : of 2022 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 head ---- percent : March 1 inventory ......................: All hogs and pigs ....................: 72,689 72,860 100 Kept for breeding ..................: 6,098 6,127 100 Market .............................: 66,591 66,734 100 : Market hogs and pigs by weight groups : Under 50 pounds ....................: 20,105 20,059 100 50-119 pounds ......................: 19,030 18,975 100 120-179 pounds .....................: 14,988 14,973 100 180 pounds and over ................: 12,468 12,727 102 : June 1 inventory .......................: All hogs and pigs ....................: 72,314 Kept for breeding ..................: 6,168 Market .............................: 66,146 : Market hogs and pigs by weight groups : Under 50 pounds ....................: 20,903 50-119 pounds ......................: 18,691 120-179 pounds .....................: 13,827 180 pounds and over ................: 12,725 : September 1 inventory ..................: All hogs and pigs ....................: 74,125 Kept for breeding ..................: 6,152 Market .............................: 67,973 : Market hogs and pigs by weight groups : Under 50 pounds ....................: 21,893 50-119 pounds ......................: 19,677 120-179 pounds .....................: 14,013 180 pounds and over ................: 12,390 : December 1 inventory ...................: All hogs and pigs ....................: 74,399 Kept for breeding ..................: 6,144 Market .............................: 68,256 : Market hogs and pigs by weight groups : Under 50 pounds ....................: 21,453 50-119 pounds ......................: 18,970 120-179 pounds .....................: 14,805 180 pounds and over ................: 13,028 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sows Farrowing, Pig Crop, and Pigs per Litter - United States: 2021-2023 [December preceding year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : 2023 as percent of Item : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 :------------------------- : : : : 2021 : 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- 1,000 head ---------- ---- percent --- Sows farrowing ...........: December-February ......: 2,929 2,919 2,910 99 100 March-May 1/ ...........: 3,034 2,967 2,930 97 99 December-May 2/ 3/ .....: 5,964 5,886 5,840 98 99 : June-August 1/ .........: 3,050 3,062 2,973 97 97 September-November .....: 3,049 3,052 June-November 3/ .......: 6,098 6,114 : Pig crop .................: December-February ......: 32,059 31,947 32,058 100 100 March-May ..............: 33,233 32,635 December-May 3/ ........: 65,292 64,582 : June-August ............: 33,944 34,096 September-November .....: 34,123 34,231 June-November 3/ .......: 68,067 68,326 : : : ------------ number ----------- ---- percent --- : Pigs per litter ..........: December-February ......: 10.94 10.95 11.02 101 101 March-May ..............: 10.95 11.00 December-May ...........: 10.95 10.97 : June-August ............: 11.13 11.13 September-November .....: 11.19 11.22 June-November ..........: 11.16 11.18 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intentions for 2023. 2/ Actual farrowings for December 2022-February 2023 plus intentions for March-May 2023. 3/ May not add due to rounding. Monthly Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - United States: December-November 2022 and 2023 [December preceding year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows farrowing 1/ : Pigs per litter : Pig crop 1/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 head -- ----- number ---- --- 1,000 head --- : December .......: 979 982 10.94 11.07 10,718 10,872 January ........: 994 980 10.88 10.84 10,810 10,625 February .......: 946 947 11.02 11.15 10,419 10,561 March ..........: 1,020 10.84 11,054 April ..........: 975 11.06 10,787 May ............: 972 11.10 10,794 June ...........: 1,023 10.95 11,211 July ...........: 1,040 11.14 11,592 August .........: 999 11.31 11,293 September ......: 1,045 11.18 11,686 October ........: 1,013 11.21 11,358 November .......: 994 11.26 11,187 : Total ..........: 12,000 11.08 132,908 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Monthly values may not add to quarterly or annual totals due to rounding. Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: March 1, 2022 and 2023 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Breeding : Market : Total :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : :2023 as: : :2023 as: : :2023 as : 2022 : 2023 :percent: 2022 : 2023 :percent: 2022 : 2023 :percent : : :of 2022: : :of 2022: : :of 2022 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head percent -- 1,000 head -- percent -- 1,000 head -- percent : Colorado ........: 140 140 100 450 440 98 590 580 98 Illinois ........: 590 660 112 4,710 4,690 100 5,300 5,350 101 Indiana .........: 250 260 104 4,000 4,040 101 4,250 4,300 101 Iowa ............: 900 900 100 22,200 22,500 101 23,100 23,400 101 Kansas ..........: 155 145 94 1,715 1,705 99 1,870 1,850 99 Michigan ........: 110 115 105 1,080 1,125 104 1,190 1,240 104 Minnesota .......: 530 500 94 8,070 8,400 104 8,600 8,900 103 Missouri ........: 420 450 107 2,930 2,800 96 3,350 3,250 97 Nebraska ........: 430 385 90 3,170 3,165 100 3,600 3,550 99 North Carolina ..: 800 790 99 7,200 7,210 100 8,000 8,000 100 : Ohio ............: 190 190 100 2,410 2,460 102 2,600 2,650 102 Oklahoma ........: 470 480 102 1,620 1,630 101 2,090 2,110 101 Pennsylvania ....: 140 135 96 1,210 1,165 96 1,350 1,300 96 South Dakota ....: 280 305 109 1,740 1,795 103 2,020 2,100 104 Texas ...........: 160 170 106 880 1,010 115 1,040 1,180 113 Utah ............: 85 35 41 845 255 30 930 290 31 : Other States 1/ .: 448 467 104 2,361 2,344 99 2,809 2,810 100 : United States ...: 6,098 6,127 100 66,591 66,734 100 72,689 72,860 100 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: March 1, 2022 and 2023 [Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Under : 50-119 : 120-179 : 180 pounds : 50 pounds : pounds : pounds : and over State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Colorado ........: 215 225 100 90 55 55 80 70 Illinois ........: 1,305 1,315 1,605 1,550 1,075 1,075 725 750 Indiana .........: 1,020 1,050 1,150 1,200 965 950 865 840 Iowa ............: 5,440 5,320 7,150 7,240 5,490 5,630 4,120 4,310 Kansas ..........: 415 400 405 385 345 355 550 565 Michigan ........: 310 330 295 305 240 250 235 240 Minnesota .......: 2,420 2,510 2,570 2,660 1,780 1,870 1,300 1,360 Missouri ........: 1,240 1,260 640 530 670 620 380 390 Nebraska ........: 1,050 1,010 890 910 700 720 530 525 North Carolina ..: 2,760 2,730 1,560 1,580 1,520 1,470 1,360 1,430 : Ohio ............: 635 675 620 610 590 580 565 595 Oklahoma ........: 735 800 335 310 200 210 350 310 Pennsylvania ....: 330 325 375 355 280 255 225 230 South Dakota ....: 695 725 410 405 305 305 330 360 Texas ...........: 295 335 235 265 145 150 205 260 Utah ............: 330 105 170 55 170 45 175 50 : Other States 1/ .: 910 944 520 525 458 433 473 442 : United States ...: 20,105 20,059 19,030 18,975 14,988 14,973 12,468 12,727 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: June 1, 2021 and 2022 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Breeding : Market : Total :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : :2022 as: : :2022 as: : :2022 as : 2021 : 2022 :percent: 2021 : 2022 :percent: 2021 : 2022 :percent : : :of 2021: : :of 2021: : :of 2021 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head percent -- 1,000 head -- percent -- 1,000 head -- percent : Colorado ........: 155 135 87 505 385 76 660 520 79 Illinois ........: 650 620 95 4,650 4,630 100 5,300 5,250 99 Indiana .........: 260 250 96 3,940 4,050 103 4,200 4,300 102 Iowa ............: 910 940 103 22,790 22,060 97 23,700 23,000 97 Kansas ..........: 175 155 89 1,775 1,765 99 1,950 1,920 98 Michigan ........: 115 110 96 1,095 1,070 98 1,210 1,180 98 Minnesota .......: 540 520 96 8,260 7,780 94 8,800 8,300 94 Missouri ........: 425 430 101 2,825 2,770 98 3,250 3,200 98 Nebraska ........: 450 420 93 3,050 3,080 101 3,500 3,500 100 North Carolina ..: 820 820 100 7,280 7,380 101 8,100 8,200 101 : Ohio ............: 190 180 95 2,310 2,420 105 2,500 2,600 104 Oklahoma ........: 470 470 100 1,570 1,550 99 2,040 2,020 99 Pennsylvania ....: 140 140 100 1,150 1,210 105 1,290 1,350 105 South Dakota ....: 270 290 107 1,690 1,830 108 1,960 2,120 108 Texas ...........: 130 160 123 850 900 106 980 1,060 108 Utah ............: 85 80 94 865 880 102 950 960 101 : Other States 1/ .: 435 448 103 2,328 2,386 102 2,763 2,834 103 : United States ...: 6,220 6,168 99 66,933 66,146 99 73,153 72,314 99 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: June 1, 2021 and 2022 [Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Under : 50-119 : 120-179 : 180 pounds : 50 pounds : pounds : pounds : and over State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Colorado ........: 240 190 110 70 70 45 85 80 Illinois ........: 1,355 1,350 1,550 1,550 935 965 810 765 Indiana .........: 970 1,040 1,220 1,150 900 940 850 920 Iowa ............: 5,970 5,700 7,200 7,130 5,320 5,050 4,300 4,180 Kansas ..........: 450 440 470 420 330 340 525 565 Michigan ........: 330 310 290 295 220 230 255 235 Minnesota .......: 2,740 2,640 2,630 2,440 1,550 1,460 1,340 1,240 Missouri ........: 1,350 1,240 510 540 560 620 405 370 Nebraska ........: 1,060 1,000 840 840 590 690 560 550 North Carolina ..: 2,940 2,920 1,540 1,600 1,415 1,420 1,385 1,440 : Ohio ............: 670 680 605 630 485 530 550 580 Oklahoma ........: 750 765 340 305 165 165 315 315 Pennsylvania ....: 335 330 330 365 230 285 255 230 South Dakota ....: 685 765 395 390 275 315 335 360 Texas ...........: 245 275 210 245 170 145 225 235 Utah ............: 360 350 170 175 170 175 165 180 : Other States 1/ .: 904 908 509 546 445 452 469 480 : United States ...: 21,354 20,903 18,919 18,691 13,830 13,827 12,829 12,725 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: September 1, 2021 and 2022 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Breeding : Market : Total :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : :2022 as: : :2022 as: : :2022 as : 2021 : 2022 :percent: 2021 : 2022 :percent: 2021 : 2022 :percent : : :of 2021: : :of 2021: : :of 2021 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head percent -- 1,000 head -- percent -- 1,000 head -- percent : Colorado ........: 150 125 83 510 375 74 660 500 76 Illinois ........: 660 590 89 4,740 4,660 98 5,400 5,250 97 Indiana .........: 250 250 100 4,050 4,100 101 4,300 4,350 101 Iowa ............: 900 930 103 23,200 22,670 98 24,100 23,600 98 Kansas ..........: 165 160 97 1,885 1,770 94 2,050 1,930 94 Michigan ........: 115 110 96 1,115 1,090 98 1,230 1,200 98 Minnesota .......: 530 510 96 8,270 8,290 100 8,800 8,800 100 Missouri ........: 420 430 102 2,980 2,920 98 3,400 3,350 99 Nebraska ........: 460 410 89 3,190 3,140 98 3,650 3,550 97 North Carolina ..: 810 820 101 7,490 7,480 100 8,300 8,300 100 : Ohio ............: 190 190 100 2,360 2,510 106 2,550 2,700 106 Oklahoma ........: 470 510 109 1,730 1,760 102 2,200 2,270 103 Pennsylvania ....: 145 140 97 1,205 1,200 100 1,350 1,340 99 South Dakota ....: 265 300 113 1,745 1,800 103 2,010 2,100 104 Texas ...........: 140 170 121 950 1,030 108 1,090 1,200 110 Utah ............: 85 55 65 885 765 86 970 820 85 : Other States 1/ .: 435 452 104 2,372 2,413 102 2,807 2,865 102 : United States ...: 6,190 6,152 99 68,677 67,973 99 74,867 74,125 99 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: September 1, 2021 and 2022 [Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Under : 50-119 : 120-179 : 180 pounds : 50 pounds : pounds : pounds : and over State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Colorado ........: 235 195 110 55 55 40 110 85 Illinois ........: 1,310 1,320 1,640 1,550 1,005 955 785 835 Indiana .........: 990 1,090 1,260 1,230 875 890 925 890 Iowa ............: 6,010 5,990 7,760 7,650 5,470 5,180 3,960 3,850 Kansas ..........: 455 445 430 440 410 340 590 545 Michigan ........: 330 335 315 295 225 225 245 235 Minnesota .......: 2,680 2,780 2,830 2,750 1,580 1,600 1,180 1,160 Missouri ........: 1,410 1,320 565 540 605 640 400 420 Nebraska ........: 1,080 1,090 890 840 650 670 570 540 North Carolina ..: 3,090 3,030 1,670 1,630 1,340 1,410 1,390 1,410 : Ohio ............: 700 790 680 640 440 510 540 570 Oklahoma ........: 850 880 350 390 220 190 310 300 Pennsylvania ....: 325 335 380 355 275 280 225 230 South Dakota ....: 660 785 410 365 305 285 370 365 Texas ...........: 290 345 250 260 150 150 260 275 Utah ............: 345 220 180 180 180 180 180 185 : Other States 1/ .: 930 943 491 507 461 468 489 495 : United States ...: 21,690 21,893 20,211 19,677 14,246 14,013 12,529 12,390 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: December 1, 2021 and 2022 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Breeding : Market : Total :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : :2022 as: : :2022 as: : :2022 as : 2021 : 2022 :percent: 2021 : 2022 :percent: 2021 : 2022 :percent : : :of 2021: : :of 2021: : :of 2021 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head percent -- 1,000 head -- percent -- 1,000 head -- percent : Colorado ........: 145 145 100 475 385 81 620 530 85 Illinois ........: 590 660 112 4,810 4,790 100 5,400 5,450 101 Indiana .........: 250 260 104 4,100 4,190 102 4,350 4,450 102 Iowa ............: 920 920 100 22,980 23,080 100 23,900 24,000 100 Kansas ..........: 165 165 100 1,825 1,745 96 1,990 1,910 96 Michigan ........: 110 115 105 1,050 1,135 108 1,160 1,250 108 Minnesota .......: 550 490 89 8,350 8,310 100 8,900 8,800 99 Missouri ........: 420 430 102 3,030 2,870 95 3,450 3,300 96 Nebraska ........: 430 400 93 3,220 3,200 99 3,650 3,600 99 North Carolina ..: 810 800 99 7,190 7,400 103 8,000 8,200 103 : Ohio ............: 190 190 100 2,610 2,560 98 2,800 2,750 98 Oklahoma ........: 460 490 107 1,630 1,670 102 2,090 2,160 103 Pennsylvania ....: 145 135 93 1,165 1,225 105 1,310 1,360 104 South Dakota ....: 265 290 109 1,745 1,800 103 2,010 2,090 104 Texas ...........: 150 160 107 940 1,070 114 1,090 1,230 113 Utah ............: 85 35 41 855 475 56 940 510 54 : Other States 1/ .: 440 459 104 2,346 2,351 100 2,786 2,809 101 : United States ...: 6,125 6,144 100 68,321 68,256 100 74,446 74,399 100 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: December 1, 2021 and 2022 [Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Under : 50-119 : 120-179 : 180 pounds : 50 pounds : pounds : pounds : and over State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Colorado ........: 230 200 95 75 60 45 90 65 Illinois ........: 1,400 1,340 1,575 1,610 1,075 1,015 760 825 Indiana .........: 1,040 1,060 1,170 1,220 935 990 955 920 Iowa ............: 5,970 6,010 7,290 7,120 5,340 5,580 4,380 4,370 Kansas ..........: 435 430 450 420 355 320 585 575 Michigan ........: 320 345 275 305 210 240 245 245 Minnesota .......: 2,800 2,830 2,550 2,450 1,590 1,640 1,410 1,390 Missouri ........: 1,430 1,260 550 560 640 640 410 410 Nebraska ........: 1,080 1,060 880 890 695 730 565 520 North Carolina ..: 2,890 2,910 1,460 1,640 1,355 1,430 1,485 1,420 : Ohio ............: 730 730 640 670 585 560 655 600 Oklahoma ........: 770 810 350 320 170 230 340 310 Pennsylvania ....: 320 330 360 380 250 290 235 225 South Dakota ....: 670 720 400 410 320 320 355 350 Texas ...........: 300 380 235 270 165 200 240 220 Utah ............: 340 120 170 115 170 120 175 120 : Other States 1/ .: 869 918 555 515 459 455 463 463 : United States ...: 21,594 21,453 19,005 18,970 14,374 14,805 13,348 13,028 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: December-February 2022 and 2023 [December preceding year. May not add due to rounding] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows farrowing : Pigs per litter : Pig crop 1/ :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : 2023 as : : : : : 2023 as State : 2022 : 2023 : percent : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : percent : : : of 2022 : : : : : of 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 head -- percent ----- number ---- --- 1,000 head --- percent : Colorado ...........: 66 60 91 9.90 9.90 653 594 91 Illinois ...........: 260 280 108 10.60 10.60 2,756 2,968 108 Indiana ............: 120 120 100 10.40 11.20 1,248 1,344 108 Iowa ...............: 475 470 99 11.30 11.45 5,368 5,382 100 Kansas .............: 82 80 98 10.10 10.25 828 820 99 Michigan ...........: 52 55 106 11.10 10.70 577 589 102 Minnesota ..........: 260 250 96 11.70 11.95 3,042 2,988 98 Missouri ...........: 220 225 102 10.70 10.60 2,354 2,385 101 Nebraska ...........: 190 180 95 11.70 11.25 2,223 2,025 91 North Carolina .....: 405 400 99 10.50 10.70 4,253 4,280 101 : Ohio ...............: 95 90 95 11.50 10.70 1,093 963 88 Oklahoma ...........: 195 205 105 9.65 10.15 1,882 2,081 111 Pennsylvania .......: 51 46 90 11.40 11.40 581 524 90 South Dakota .......: 128 141 110 12.55 12.80 1,606 1,805 112 Texas ..............: 63 73 116 10.60 11.40 668 832 125 Utah ...............: 43 14 33 10.60 9.60 456 134 29 : Other States 2/ ....: 214 221 103 11.03 10.61 2,359 2,344 99 : United States ......: 2,919 2,910 100 10.95 11.02 31,947 32,058 100 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Number of pigs born December-February that were still on hand March 1, or had been sold. 2/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: March-May 2021-2023 [May not add due to rounding] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows farrowing : Pigs per litter : Pig crop 1/ :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2023 as : : : : : 2022 as : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 2/ : percent : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : percent : : : : of 2022 : : : : : of 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------- 1,000 head -------- percent ----- number ---- --- 1,000 head --- percent : Colorado ...........: 73 61 61 100 10.40 9.80 759 598 79 Illinois ...........: 260 260 240 92 10.85 10.70 2,821 2,782 99 Indiana ............: 125 120 135 113 10.90 10.70 1,363 1,284 94 Iowa ...............: 510 500 490 98 11.40 11.45 5,814 5,725 98 Kansas .............: 88 85 76 89 10.20 10.40 898 884 98 Michigan ...........: 50 51 56 110 10.70 10.80 535 551 103 Minnesota ..........: 280 265 260 98 11.90 11.85 3,332 3,140 94 Missouri ...........: 225 225 230 102 10.90 10.70 2,453 2,408 98 Nebraska ...........: 190 185 180 97 11.60 11.60 2,204 2,146 97 North Carolina .....: 430 420 400 95 10.30 10.40 4,429 4,368 99 : Ohio ...............: 91 90 96 107 10.40 11.30 946 1,017 108 Oklahoma ...........: 210 200 200 100 10.10 10.20 2,121 2,040 96 Pennsylvania .......: 47 50 46 92 11.40 11.50 536 575 107 South Dakota .......: 131 135 141 104 12.50 12.70 1,638 1,715 105 Texas ..............: 68 61 79 130 9.30 10.10 632 616 97 Utah ...............: 45 45 17 38 10.60 10.70 477 482 101 : Other States 3/ ....: 211 214 223 104 10.77 10.76 2,275 2,304 101 : United States ......: 3,034 2,967 2,930 99 10.95 11.00 33,233 32,635 98 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Number of pigs born March-May that were still on hand June 1, or had been sold. 2/ Intentions. 3/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: June-August 2021-2023 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows farrowing : Pigs per litter : Pig crop 1/ :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : 2023 as : : : : : 2022 as State : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 2/ : percent : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : percent : : : : of 2022 : : : : : of 2021 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------- 1,000 head ------ percent ---- number --- -- 1,000 head -- percent : Colorado ........: 72 65 60 92 10.50 10.10 756 657 87 Illinois ........: 285 270 240 89 10.90 10.75 3,107 2,903 93 Indiana .........: 130 125 135 108 10.70 10.85 1,391 1,356 97 Iowa ............: 505 510 505 99 11.40 11.65 5,757 5,942 103 Kansas ..........: 88 85 78 92 10.80 10.95 950 931 98 Michigan ........: 53 55 55 100 10.80 10.90 572 600 105 Minnesota .......: 265 265 260 98 11.80 12.10 3,127 3,207 103 Missouri ........: 220 235 240 102 10.70 10.70 2,354 2,515 107 Nebraska ........: 200 185 175 95 11.65 11.25 2,330 2,081 89 North Carolina ..: 430 430 410 95 10.70 10.85 4,601 4,666 101 : Ohio ............: 104 95 97 102 11.20 11.40 1,165 1,083 93 Oklahoma ........: 200 220 205 93 10.90 10.20 2,180 2,244 103 Pennsylvania ....: 49 48 47 98 11.50 11.60 564 557 99 South Dakota ....: 128 144 140 97 12.60 12.60 1,613 1,814 112 Texas ...........: 69 81 83 102 11.10 9.40 766 761 99 Utah ............: 46 32 16 50 10.60 13.80 488 442 91 : Other States 3/ .: 206 217 227 104 10.82 10.76 2,223 2,337 105 : United States ...: 3,050 3,062 2,973 97 11.13 11.13 33,944 34,096 100 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Number of pigs born June-August that were still on hand September 1, or had been sold. 2/ Intentions. 3/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: September-November 2021 and 2022 [May not add due to rounding] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows Farrowing : Pigs per litter : Pig crop 1/ :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : 2022 as : : : : : 2022 as State : 2021 : 2022 : percent : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : percent : : : of 2021 : : : : : of 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 head -- percent ----- number ---- --- 1,000 head --- percent : Colorado ...........: 70 60 86 10.50 10.10 735 606 82 Illinois ...........: 255 285 112 10.70 10.75 2,729 3,064 112 Indiana ............: 130 130 100 11.10 10.90 1,443 1,417 98 Iowa ...............: 525 515 98 11.45 11.55 6,011 5,948 99 Kansas .............: 85 81 95 10.80 10.90 918 883 96 Michigan ...........: 50 56 112 11.10 11.10 555 622 112 Minnesota ..........: 295 280 95 11.55 12.00 3,407 3,360 99 Missouri ...........: 225 225 100 11.20 11.20 2,520 2,520 100 Nebraska ...........: 195 190 97 11.70 11.50 2,282 2,185 96 North Carolina .....: 415 415 100 10.90 11.15 4,524 4,627 102 : Ohio ...............: 106 95 90 11.50 11.30 1,219 1,074 88 Oklahoma ...........: 190 215 113 10.65 10.80 2,024 2,322 115 Pennsylvania .......: 52 46 88 11.40 11.50 593 529 89 South Dakota .......: 133 143 108 12.50 12.10 1,663 1,730 104 Texas ..............: 68 80 118 10.60 10.00 721 800 111 Utah ...............: 44 15 34 10.50 11.50 462 173 37 : Other States 2/ ....: 211 221 105 10.98 10.73 2,317 2,371 102 : United States ......: 3,049 3,052 100 11.19 11.22 34,123 34,231 100 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Number of pigs born September-November that were still on hand December 1, or had been sold. 2/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: A random sample of roughly 4,500 United States producers was surveyed to provide data for these estimates. Survey procedures ensured that all hog and pig producers, regardless of size, had a chance to be included in the survey. Large operations were sampled more heavily than small operations. During the first half of March 2023, data were collected from about 3,000 operations. The data collected were received by electronic data reporting, mail, telephone, and face-to-face personal interviews. Regardless of when operations responded, they were asked to report inventories as of March 1, 2023. Estimating Procedures: Hogs and pigs estimates were prepared by the Agricultural Statistics Board after reviewing recommendations and analysis submitted by each regional field office. National and State survey data were reviewed for reasonableness with each other and with estimates from past years using a balance sheet. The balance sheet begins with the previous inventory estimate, adds the estimates of births and imports, and subtracts the estimates of slaughter, exports, and deaths. This indicated ending inventory level is compared to the Agricultural Statistics Board estimate for reasonableness. Revision Policy: Revisions to previous estimates are made to improve quarter to quarter relationships. Estimates for the previous four quarters are subject to revision when current estimates are made. In December, estimates are reviewed from all quarters of the current year, all quarters of the previous year, and December two years prior. The reviews are primarily based on hog check-off receipts and slaughter. Estimates will also be reviewed after data from the Department of Agriculture five-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date. Reliability: Since all operations raising hogs are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplication, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items in the following table. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the difference between first and final estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for hog inventory estimates over the past 20 quarters is 1.5 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of 72.9 million head by more than 1.5 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 2.6 percent. Reliability of Quarterly Hog Estimates [Based on data for the previous 20 quarters] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Root mean : 90 percent : Difference between first and latest estimate : square error : confidence : : : : : : : level :------------------------------------------------------------- Item : : : : : : Quarters : : : : : :------------------------------- : : : Average :Smallest : Largest : Below latest : Above latest -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent --------- 1,000 -------- ----- number ----- : All hogs and pigs ............: 1.5 2.6 874 190 2,500 8 12 : Pig crop .....................: 1.9 3.3 510 14 1,502 12 8 : Expected farrowings : : Second intentions ..........: 2.4 4.1 58 2 189 11 9 : First intentions ...........: 2.5 4.3 59 0 182 9 11 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Records by Quarter - United States: 1866 to Present [This table provides data users with record high estimates of all hogs and pigs, market hogs, pig crop, and pigs per litter since each data series began] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Item : Estimate : Record high : Series began ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 head year year : All hogs and pigs ............: March 1 ....................: 75,164 2020 1988 June 1 .....................: 77,664 2020 1964 September 1 ................: 78,583 2019 1988 December 1 .................: 83,741 1943 1866 : Market .......................: March 1 ....................: 68,739 2020 1988 June 1 .....................: 71,238 2020 1964 September 1 ................: 72,153 2019 1988 December 1 .................: 71,136 2020 1963 : Pig crop .....................: December-February1/ ........: 35,016 2020 1970 March-May ..................: 34,621 2020 1970 June-August ................: 36,370 2019 1970 September-November .........: 34,987 2020 1970 : : number year year : Pigs per litter ..............: December-February1/ ........: 11.02 2023 1970 March-May ..................: 11.00 2022 1970 June-August ................: 11.13 2022 1970 September-November .........: 11.22 2022 1970 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ December preceding year. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov. Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ................................................................ (202) 692-0069 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section .................................................................. (202) 690-2424 Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter ............................................................. (202) 690-8632 Ryan Cowen - Cattle, Cattle on Feed ................................................................. (202) 720-3040 Donnie Fike - Dairy Products......................................................................... (202) 690-3347 Anthony Fischer - Hogs and Pigs...................................................................... (202) 720-3106 Mike Miller - Milk Production and Milk Cows (202) 720-3278 Suzanne Richards - Sheep and Goats .. (202) 720-4448 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS's and other agency's archived reports. The new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. If you need instructions to set up an account or subscribe, they are located at: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist notifications@usda-esmis.library.cornell.edu in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@usda.gov. 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