Prospective Plantings ISSN: 1949-159X Released March 28, 2024, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Corn Planted Acreage Down 5 Percent from 2023 Soybean Acreage Up 3 Percent All Wheat Acreage Down 4 Percent All Cotton Acreage Up 4 Percent Corn planted area for all purposes in 2024 is estimated at 90.0 million acres, down 5 percent or 4.61 million acres from last year. Compared with last year, planted acreage is expected to be down or unchanged in 38 of the 48 estimating States. Soybean planted area for 2024 is estimated at 86.5 million acres, up 3 percent from last year. Compared with last year, planted acreage is up or unchanged in 24 of the 29 estimating States. All wheat planted area for 2024 is estimated at 47.5 million acres, down 4 percent from 2023 for comparable States. The 2024 winter wheat planted area, at 34.1 million acres, is down 7 percent from last year and down 1 percent from the previous estimate for comparable States. Of this total, about 24.3 million acres are Hard Red Winter, 6.26 million acres are Soft Red Winter, and 3.59 million acres are White Winter. Area expected to be planted to other spring wheat for 2024 is estimated at 11.3 million acres, up 1 percent from 2023. Of this total, about 10.7 million acres are Hard Red Spring wheat. Durum planted area for 2024 is expected to total 2.03 million acres, up 22 percent from the previous year for comparable States. All cotton planted area for 2024 is estimated at 10.7 million acres, up 4 percent from last year. Upland area is estimated at 10.5 million acres, up 4 percent from 2023. American Pima area is estimated at 203,000 acres, up 38 percent from 2023. This report was approved on March 28, 2024. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Robert Bonnie Agricultural Statistics Board Acting Chairperson Lance Honig Contents Principal Crops Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024....................................... 5 Corn Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024.................................................. 6 Corn and Soybean Planted Acreage - United States Chart................................................... 7 Sorghum Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024............................................... 7 Oat Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024................................................... 8 Barley Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024................................................ 9 All Wheat Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024............................................. 10 Winter Wheat Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024.......................................... 11 Durum Wheat Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024........................................... 12 Other Spring Wheat Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024.................................... 12 All Hay Area Harvested - States and United States: 2022-2024............................................. 13 Rice Area Planted by Class - States and United States: 2022-2024......................................... 14 Canola Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024................................................ 14 Soybean Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024............................................... 15 Peanut Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024................................................ 15 Sunflower Area Planted by Type - States and United States: 2022-2024..................................... 16 Flaxseed Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024.............................................. 16 Cotton Area Planted by Type - States and United States: 2022-2024........................................ 17 Sugarbeet Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024............................................. 18 Tobacco Area Harvested - States and United States: 2022-2024............................................. 18 Tobacco Area Harvested by Class and Type - States and United States: 2022-2024........................... 19 Dry Edible Bean Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024....................................... 20 Chickpea Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024.............................................. 21 Lentil Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024................................................ 22 Dry Edible Pea Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024........................................ 22 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024.. 23 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024.... 25 Winter Weather Summary .................................................................................. 27 Crop Comments............................................................................................ 29 Statistical Methodology.................................................................................. 33 Reliability of Prospective Plantings Planted Acreage Estimates........................................... 34 Information Contacts..................................................................................... 35 Principal Crops Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024 [Crops included in area planted are corn, sorghum, oats, barley, rye, winter wheat, Durum wheat, other spring wheat, rice, soybeans, peanuts, sunflower, cotton, dry edible beans, chickpeas, potatoes, sugarbeets, canola, and proso millet. Harvested acreage is used for all hay, tobacco, and sugarcane in computing total area planted. Values for 2024 were carried forward from 2023 for potatoes, proso millet, rye, and sugarcane. Includes double cropped acres and unharvested small grains planted as cover crops] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama ......................: 2,120 2,120 2,065 Alaska .......................: 26 27 29 Arizona ......................: 629 597 605 Arkansas .....................: 6,990 7,211 7,031 California ...................: 2,230 2,407 2,337 Colorado .....................: 5,651 5,949 5,924 Connecticut ..................: 76 77 77 Delaware .....................: 432 438 427 Florida ......................: 1,075 1,088 1,099 Georgia ......................: 3,366 3,296 3,215 : Idaho ........................: 4,034 4,057 4,067 Illinois .....................: 22,800 22,855 22,710 Indiana ......................: 11,910 11,885 11,750 Iowa .........................: 24,300 24,250 24,145 Kansas .......................: 24,047 25,024 23,756 Kentucky .....................: 5,853 6,147 6,092 Louisiana ....................: 3,204 3,214 3,226 Maine ........................: 253 242 259 Maryland .....................: 1,538 1,526 1,490 Massachusetts ................: 74 68 80 : Michigan .....................: 6,240 6,270 6,122 Minnesota ....................: 19,067 19,457 19,339 Mississippi ..................: 4,202 4,209 4,191 Missouri .....................: 13,852 14,657 13,966 Montana ......................: 9,394 9,708 9,765 Nebraska .....................: 19,268 19,473 19,381 Nevada .......................: 412 393 403 New Hampshire ................: 55 54 53 New Jersey ...................: 313 305 287 New Mexico ...................: 787 854 793 : New York .....................: 2,755 2,730 2,706 North Carolina ...............: 4,404 4,397 4,272 North Dakota .................: 21,596 24,078 23,546 Ohio .........................: 9,870 9,850 9,675 Oklahoma .....................: 9,616 10,724 10,097 Oregon .......................: 1,739 1,852 1,846 Pennsylvania .................: 3,523 3,395 3,386 Rhode Island .................: 9 8 8 South Carolina ...............: 1,462 1,423 1,325 South Dakota .................: 16,617 17,222 17,034 : Tennessee ....................: 4,910 5,000 4,987 Texas ........................: 21,728 22,136 20,938 Utah .........................: 860 856 890 Vermont ......................: 255 254 255 Virginia .....................: 2,441 2,583 2,517 Washington ...................: 3,609 3,854 3,822 West Virginia ................: 605 654 673 Wisconsin ....................: 7,909 7,875 7,863 Wyoming ......................: 1,442 1,416 1,353 : United States 2/ .............: 310,857 319,601 313,311 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intended plantings in 2024 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ States do not add to United States due to rye unallocated acreage. Corn Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Alabama ............: 300 330 310 94 Arizona ............: 90 105 105 100 Arkansas ...........: 710 850 620 73 California .........: 360 400 400 100 Colorado ...........: 1,340 1,330 1,400 105 Connecticut ........: 24 24 24 100 Delaware ...........: 160 175 170 97 Florida ............: 85 90 80 89 Georgia ............: 415 485 410 85 Idaho ..............: 310 360 320 89 : Illinois ...........: 10,800 11,200 10,900 97 Indiana ............: 5,250 5,450 5,100 94 Iowa ...............: 12,900 13,100 12,800 98 Kansas .............: 5,500 5,750 5,700 99 Kentucky ...........: 1,420 1,600 1,550 97 Louisiana ..........: 450 700 560 80 Maine ..............: 29 28 30 107 Maryland ...........: 420 480 470 98 Massachusetts ......: 14 14 15 107 Michigan ...........: 2,300 2,400 2,250 94 : Minnesota ..........: 8,000 8,600 7,900 92 Mississippi ........: 580 790 590 75 Missouri ...........: 3,350 3,850 3,500 91 Montana ............: 130 135 140 104 Nebraska ...........: 9,600 9,950 9,850 99 Nevada .............: 12 13 13 100 New Hampshire ......: 13 13 12 92 New Jersey .........: 68 74 72 97 New Mexico .........: 100 125 100 80 New York ...........: 1,010 1,040 1,030 99 : North Carolina .....: 820 950 890 94 North Dakota .......: 2,950 4,050 3,800 94 Ohio ...............: 3,400 3,600 3,300 92 Oklahoma ...........: 350 390 400 103 Oregon .............: 80 95 100 105 Pennsylvania .......: 1,020 1,040 1,050 101 Rhode Island .......: 2 2 2 100 South Carolina .....: 320 365 300 82 South Dakota .......: 5,750 6,300 6,000 95 Tennessee ..........: 830 940 930 99 : Texas ..............: 2,150 2,500 2,100 84 Utah ...............: 60 75 80 107 Vermont ............: 90 89 90 101 Virginia ...........: 430 495 470 95 Washington .........: 135 160 180 113 West Virginia ......: 40 44 43 98 Wisconsin ..........: 3,900 4,000 3,800 95 Wyoming ............: 95 85 80 94 : United States ......: 88,162 94,641 90,036 95 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intended plantings in 2024 as indicated by reports from farmers. Sorghum Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Colorado ...........: 545 510 480 94 Kansas .............: 3,300 3,600 3,350 93 Nebraska ...........: 320 340 400 118 Oklahoma ...........: 430 410 300 73 South Dakota .......: 280 335 365 109 Texas ..............: 1,450 2,000 1,500 75 : United States ......: 6,325 7,195 6,395 89 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intended plantings in 2024 as indicated by reports from farmers. Oat Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024 [Includes area planted in preceding fall] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Arkansas 2/ ........: 10 8 (NA) (X) California 2/ ......: 105 90 (NA) (X) Georgia ............: 75 55 55 100 Idaho ..............: 50 45 45 100 Illinois ...........: 60 55 60 109 Iowa ...............: 130 190 145 76 Kansas .............: 110 185 195 105 Maine ..............: 27 22 24 109 Michigan ...........: 50 50 60 120 Minnesota ..........: 200 165 180 109 : Missouri 2/ ........: 45 32 (NA) (X) Montana ............: 85 65 55 85 Nebraska ...........: 125 155 110 71 New York ...........: 68 61 58 95 North Carolina .....: 40 37 33 89 North Dakota .......: 345 280 280 100 Ohio ...............: 50 40 30 75 Oklahoma 2/ ........: 50 140 (NA) (X) Oregon .............: 20 20 15 75 Pennsylvania .......: 87 70 68 97 : South Dakota .......: 260 265 280 106 Texas ..............: 450 390 430 110 Wisconsin ..........: 140 135 195 144 : United States ......: 2,582 2,555 2,318 91 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Intended plantings in 2024 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Barley Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024 [Includes area planted in preceding fall] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Alaska .............: 6 7 8 114 Arizona ............: 17 17 10 59 California .........: 40 40 45 113 Colorado ...........: 61 54 40 74 Delaware ...........: 21 21 21 100 Idaho ..............: 560 570 510 89 Kansas .............: 14 16 18 113 Maine ..............: 11 11 12 109 Maryland ...........: 28 31 25 81 Michigan ...........: 5 7 8 114 : Minnesota ..........: 65 60 55 92 Montana ............: 1,030 1,190 950 80 New York ...........: 7 9 8 89 North Carolina .....: 16 16 15 94 North Dakota .......: 730 690 470 68 Oregon .............: 36 41 35 85 Pennsylvania .......: 43 47 53 113 South Dakota .......: 28 38 45 118 Utah ...............: 20 16 15 94 Virginia ...........: 29 30 25 83 : Washington .........: 69 95 95 100 Wisconsin ..........: 13 12 15 125 Wyoming ............: 78 83 88 106 : United States ......: 2,927 3,101 2,566 83 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intended plantings in 2024 as indicated by reports from farmers. All Wheat Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024 [Includes area planted in preceding fall] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Alabama ............: 180 205 135 66 Arizona ............: 85 38 60 158 Arkansas ...........: 220 230 135 59 California .........: 390 338 313 93 Colorado ...........: 1,950 2,300 2,100 91 Delaware ...........: 80 80 70 88 Georgia ............: 200 195 170 87 Idaho ..............: 1,158 1,170 1,160 99 Illinois ...........: 650 840 780 93 Indiana ............: 290 405 350 86 : Kansas .............: 7,300 8,100 7,700 95 Kentucky ...........: 530 610 560 92 Maryland ...........: 355 340 325 96 Michigan ...........: 460 600 420 70 Minnesota ..........: 1,250 1,300 1,600 123 Mississippi ........: 100 120 70 58 Missouri ...........: 630 780 680 87 Montana ............: 5,460 5,255 5,500 105 Nebraska ...........: 980 1,130 1,000 88 New Jersey 2/ ......: 26 34 (NA) (X) : New Mexico .........: 360 405 385 95 New York ...........: 140 150 150 100 North Carolina .....: 480 480 410 85 North Dakota .......: 6,195 6,610 6,520 99 Ohio ...............: 510 650 530 82 Oklahoma ...........: 4,300 4,550 4,350 96 Oregon .............: 730 740 730 99 Pennsylvania .......: 270 280 250 89 South Carolina .....: 120 110 90 82 South Dakota .......: 1,580 1,660 1,720 104 : Tennessee ..........: 410 470 380 81 Texas ..............: 5,300 6,400 5,900 92 Utah ...............: 110 105 105 100 Virginia ...........: 230 200 155 78 Washington .........: 2,325 2,300 2,325 101 Wisconsin ..........: 300 280 265 95 Wyoming ............: 115 115 105 91 : United States ......: 45,769 49,575 47,498 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Intended plantings for 2024 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Winter Wheat Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024 [Includes area planted in preceding fall] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Alabama ............: 180 205 135 66 Arkansas ...........: 220 230 135 59 California .........: 350 320 295 92 Colorado ...........: 1,950 2,300 2,100 91 Delaware ...........: 80 80 70 88 Georgia ............: 200 195 170 87 Idaho ..............: 770 750 750 100 Illinois ...........: 650 840 780 93 Indiana ............: 290 405 350 86 Kansas .............: 7,300 8,100 7,700 95 : Kentucky ...........: 530 610 560 92 Maryland ...........: 355 340 325 96 Michigan ...........: 460 600 420 70 Mississippi ........: 100 120 70 58 Missouri ...........: 630 780 680 87 Montana ............: 2,050 1,850 1,950 105 Nebraska ...........: 980 1,130 1,000 88 New Jersey 1/ ......: 26 34 (NA) (X) New Mexico .........: 360 405 385 95 New York ...........: 140 150 150 100 : North Carolina .....: 480 480 410 85 North Dakota .......: 105 155 120 77 Ohio ...............: 510 650 530 82 Oklahoma ...........: 4,300 4,550 4,350 96 Oregon .............: 730 740 730 99 Pennsylvania .......: 270 280 250 89 South Carolina .....: 120 110 90 82 South Dakota .......: 830 920 870 95 Tennessee ..........: 410 470 380 81 Texas ..............: 5,300 6,400 5,900 92 : Utah ...............: 110 105 105 100 Virginia ...........: 230 200 155 78 Washington .........: 1,850 1,800 1,850 103 Wisconsin ..........: 300 280 265 95 Wyoming ............: 115 115 105 91 : United States ......: 33,281 36,699 34,135 93 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Durum Wheat Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024 [Includes area planted in preceding fall in Arizona and California] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Arizona ............: 85 38 60 158 California .........: 40 18 18 100 Idaho 2/ ...........: 8 10 (NA) (X) Montana ............: 710 705 850 121 North Dakota .......: 790 905 1,100 122 : United States ......: 1,633 1,676 2,028 121 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Intended plantings in 2024 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Other Spring Wheat Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Idaho ..............: 380 410 410 100 Minnesota ..........: 1,250 1,300 1,600 123 Montana ............: 2,700 2,700 2,700 100 North Dakota .......: 5,300 5,550 5,300 95 South Dakota .......: 750 740 850 115 Washington .........: 475 500 475 95 : United States ......: 10,855 11,200 11,335 101 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intended plantings in 2024 as indicated by reports from farmers. All Hay Area Harvested - States and United States: 2022-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Alabama ............: 680 680 690 101 Alaska .............: 20 20 21 105 Arizona ............: 335 345 315 91 Arkansas ...........: 1,093 1,162 1,150 99 California .........: 860 830 850 102 Colorado ...........: 1,140 1,220 1,370 112 Connecticut ........: 52 53 53 100 Delaware ...........: 11 12 11 92 Florida ............: 310 320 330 103 Georgia ............: 530 510 500 98 : Idaho ..............: 1,390 1,300 1,300 100 Illinois ...........: 490 410 470 115 Indiana ............: 520 530 550 104 Iowa ...............: 1,170 1,010 1,000 99 Kansas .............: 2,560 2,795 2,400 86 Kentucky ...........: 1,910 2,070 2,000 97 Louisiana ..........: 380 390 420 108 Maine ..............: 134 128 140 109 Maryland ...........: 215 205 215 105 Massachusetts ......: 60 54 65 120 : Michigan ...........: 770 780 780 100 Minnesota ..........: 1,190 1,070 1,170 109 Mississippi ........: 580 580 600 103 Missouri ...........: 3,210 3,855 3,150 82 Montana ............: 2,290 2,700 2,730 101 Nebraska ...........: 2,110 2,285 2,350 103 Nevada .............: 400 380 390 103 New Hampshire ......: 42 41 41 100 New Jersey .........: 109 97 105 108 New Mexico .........: 235 265 260 98 : New York ...........: 1,180 1,120 1,110 99 North Carolina .....: 646 657 650 99 North Dakota .......: 2,140 2,790 2,300 82 Ohio ...............: 810 810 815 101 Oklahoma ...........: 2,980 4,075 3,700 91 Oregon .............: 820 900 910 101 Pennsylvania .......: 1,310 1,200 1,200 100 Rhode Island .......: 7 6 6 100 South Carolina .....: 270 260 260 100 South Dakota .......: 2,920 2,955 3,000 102 : Tennessee ..........: 1,672 1,716 1,720 100 Texas ..............: 3,890 4,685 5,000 107 Utah ...............: 670 660 690 105 Vermont ............: 165 165 165 100 Virginia ...........: 1,000 1,155 1,120 97 Washington .........: 660 840 730 87 West Virginia ......: 565 610 630 103 Wisconsin ..........: 1,100 1,030 1,080 105 Wyoming ............: 1,110 1,090 1,050 96 : United States ......: 48,711 52,821 51,562 98 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intended area harvested in 2024 as indicated by reports from farmers. Rice Area Planted by Class - States and United States: 2022-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted Class and State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Long grain : Arkansas ...........: 1,000 1,220 1,360 111 California .........: 7 10 10 100 Louisiana ..........: 370 390 410 105 Mississippi ........: 87 121 160 132 Missouri ...........: 152 197 215 109 Texas ..............: 190 125 145 116 : United States ......: 1,806 2,063 2,300 111 : Medium grain : Arkansas ...........: 103 215 90 42 California .........: 220 490 460 94 Louisiana ..........: 52 78 40 51 Mississippi ........: - - 1 (X) Missouri ...........: 5 8 9 113 Texas ..............: 5 24 4 17 : United States ......: 385 815 604 74 : Short grain : Arkansas ...........: 1 1 1 100 California 2/ ......: 27 15 27 180 : United States ......: 28 16 28 175 : All : Arkansas ...........: 1,104 1,436 1,451 101 California .........: 254 515 497 97 Louisiana ..........: 422 468 450 96 Mississippi ........: 87 121 161 133 Missouri ...........: 157 205 224 109 Texas ..............: 195 149 149 100 : United States ......: 2,219 2,894 2,932 101 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Intended plantings in 2024 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Includes sweet rice. Canola Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- 1,000 acres ----------------- percent : Idaho 2/ ...........: (NA) (NA) 90.0 (X) Kansas .............: 9.0 1.5 8.5 567 Minnesota ..........: 71.0 80.0 96.0 120 Montana ............: 180.0 165.0 190.0 115 North Dakota .......: 1,800.0 1,930.0 1,800.0 93 Oklahoma ...........: 18.0 3.0 22.0 733 Washington .........: 135.0 165.0 160.0 97 : United States ......: 2,213.0 2,344.5 2,366.5 101 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Intended plantings in 2024 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Estimates began in 2024. Soybean Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Alabama ............: 360 350 320 91 Arkansas ...........: 3,180 2,980 3,100 104 Delaware ...........: 160 150 155 103 Georgia ............: 165 160 160 100 Illinois ...........: 10,800 10,350 10,500 101 Indiana ............: 5,850 5,500 5,750 105 Iowa ...............: 10,100 9,950 10,200 103 Kansas .............: 5,050 4,430 4,250 96 Kentucky ...........: 1,950 1,830 1,950 107 Louisiana ..........: 1,260 1,030 1,150 112 : Maryland ...........: 520 470 455 97 Michigan ...........: 2,250 2,040 2,200 108 Minnesota ..........: 7,450 7,350 7,500 102 Mississippi ........: 2,310 2,180 2,250 103 Missouri ...........: 6,100 5,600 6,000 107 Nebraska ...........: 5,750 5,250 5,300 101 New Jersey .........: 110 100 110 110 New York ...........: 350 350 350 100 North Carolina .....: 1,700 1,640 1,650 101 North Dakota .......: 5,700 6,200 6,900 111 : Ohio ...............: 5,100 4,750 5,000 105 Oklahoma ...........: 545 460 550 120 Pennsylvania .......: 600 570 580 102 South Carolina .....: 405 395 350 89 South Dakota .......: 5,100 5,100 5,200 102 Tennessee ..........: 1,650 1,600 1,650 103 Texas ..............: 155 125 100 80 Virginia ...........: 620 580 630 109 Wisconsin ..........: 2,160 2,110 2,200 104 : United States ......: 87,450 83,600 86,510 103 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intended plantings in 2024 as indicated by reports from farmers. Peanut Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- 1,000 acres ----------------- percent : Alabama ............: 165.0 175.0 180.0 103 Arkansas ...........: 33.0 35.0 35.0 100 Florida ............: 152.0 160.0 170.0 106 Georgia ............: 685.0 775.0 820.0 106 Mississippi ........: 15.0 18.0 20.0 111 Missouri 2/ ........: (NA) (NA) 22.0 (X) New Mexico 3/ ......: 6.5 11.0 (NA) (X) North Carolina .....: 117.0 124.0 120.0 97 Oklahoma ...........: 18.0 16.0 15.0 94 South Carolina .....: 71.0 77.0 85.0 110 Texas ..............: 157.0 225.0 160.0 71 Virginia ...........: 29.0 29.0 24.0 83 : United States ......: 1,448.5 1,645.0 1,651.0 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Intended plantings in 2024 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Estimates began in 2024. 3/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Sunflower Area Planted by Type - States and United States: 2022-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Varietal type : Area planted and State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Oil : California .........: 33.0 28.0 25.0 89 Colorado ...........: 50.0 26.0 20.0 77 Kansas .............: 31.0 28.0 20.0 71 Minnesota ..........: 67.0 49.0 32.0 65 Nebraska ...........: 49.0 31.0 25.0 81 North Dakota .......: 660.0 500.0 350.0 70 South Dakota .......: 610.0 455.0 310.0 68 Texas ..............: 44.0 44.0 22.0 50 : United States ......: 1,544.0 1,161.0 804.0 69 : Non-oil : California .........: 0.5 0.5 0.5 100 Colorado ...........: 10.0 8.0 5.0 63 Kansas .............: 10.0 6.0 4.0 67 Minnesota ..........: 8.5 9.5 5.0 53 Nebraska ...........: 7.5 8.5 5.0 59 North Dakota .......: 57.0 75.0 90.0 120 South Dakota .......: 42.0 40.0 40.0 100 Texas ..............: 8.0 6.5 4.0 62 : United States ......: 143.5 154.0 153.5 100 : All : California .........: 33.5 28.5 25.5 89 Colorado ...........: 60.0 34.0 25.0 74 Kansas .............: 41.0 34.0 24.0 71 Minnesota ..........: 75.5 58.5 37.0 63 Nebraska ...........: 56.5 39.5 30.0 76 North Dakota .......: 717.0 575.0 440.0 77 South Dakota .......: 652.0 495.0 350.0 71 Texas ..............: 52.0 50.5 26.0 51 : United States ......: 1,687.5 1,315.0 957.5 73 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intended plantings in 2024 as indicated by reports from farmers. Flaxseed Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------------- 1,000 acres --------------- percent : Montana ............: 98 68 50 74 North Dakota .......: 165 110 55 50 : United States ......: 263 178 105 59 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intended plantings in 2024 as indicated by reports from farmers. Cotton Area Planted by Type - States and United States: 2022-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted Type and State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------------ 1,000 acres ----------------- percent : Upland : Alabama ............: 435.0 380.0 430.0 113 Arizona ............: 87.0 76.0 100.0 132 Arkansas ...........: 640.0 510.0 540.0 106 California .........: 19.0 13.0 25.0 192 Florida ............: 106.0 89.0 90.0 101 Georgia ............: 1,290.0 1,110.0 1,100.0 99 Kansas .............: 163.0 112.0 110.0 98 Louisiana ..........: 195.0 120.0 140.0 117 Mississippi ........: 530.0 400.0 500.0 125 Missouri ...........: 360.0 335.0 390.0 116 : New Mexico .........: 66.0 32.0 35.0 109 North Carolina .....: 470.0 380.0 390.0 103 Oklahoma ...........: 660.0 420.0 500.0 119 South Carolina .....: 270.0 210.0 240.0 114 Tennessee ..........: 335.0 265.0 300.0 113 Texas ..............: 7,850.0 5,550.0 5,500.0 99 Virginia ...........: 91.0 81.0 80.0 99 : United States ......: 13,567.0 10,083.0 10,470.0 104 : American Pima : Arizona ............: 15.0 16.0 15.0 94 California .........: 115.0 86.0 135.0 157 New Mexico .........: 19.0 16.0 13.0 81 Texas ..............: 33.0 29.0 40.0 138 : United States ......: 182.0 147.0 203.0 138 : All : Alabama ............: 435.0 380.0 430.0 113 Arizona ............: 102.0 92.0 115.0 125 Arkansas ...........: 640.0 510.0 540.0 106 California .........: 134.0 99.0 160.0 162 Florida ............: 106.0 89.0 90.0 101 Georgia ............: 1,290.0 1,110.0 1,100.0 99 Kansas .............: 163.0 112.0 110.0 98 Louisiana ..........: 195.0 120.0 140.0 117 Mississippi ........: 530.0 400.0 500.0 125 Missouri ...........: 360.0 335.0 390.0 116 : New Mexico .........: 85.0 48.0 48.0 100 North Carolina .....: 470.0 380.0 390.0 103 Oklahoma ...........: 660.0 420.0 500.0 119 South Carolina .....: 270.0 210.0 240.0 114 Tennessee ..........: 335.0 265.0 300.0 113 Texas ..............: 7,883.0 5,579.0 5,540.0 99 Virginia ...........: 91.0 81.0 80.0 99 : United States ......: 13,749.0 10,230.0 10,673.0 104 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intended plantings in 2024 as indicated by reports from farmers. Sugarbeet Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024 [Relates to year of intended harvest in all States except California] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- 1,000 acres ----------------- percent : California 2/ ......: 18.0 23.0 23.0 100 Colorado ...........: 23.4 23.2 23.0 99 Idaho ..............: 173.0 175.0 177.0 101 Michigan ...........: 139.0 133.0 134.0 101 Minnesota ..........: 434.0 442.0 440.0 100 Montana ............: 33.7 23.7 26.0 110 Nebraska ...........: 46.8 46.7 49.0 105 North Dakota .......: 251.0 229.0 214.0 93 Oregon .............: 9.4 10.8 11.0 102 Washington .........: 2.0 2.0 2.0 100 Wyoming ............: 29.3 29.0 30.0 103 : United States ......: 1,159.6 1,137.4 1,129.0 99 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intended plantings in 2024 as indicated by reports from processors. 2/ Relates to year of planting for overwintered beets in southern California. Tobacco Area Harvested - States and United States: 2022-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------------------- acres -------------------- percent : Georgia 2/ .........: 6,000 6,300 (NA) (X) Kentucky ...........: 43,000 36,800 31,500 86 North Carolina .....: 115,160 113,120 114,000 101 Pennsylvania 2/ ....: 3,400 3,140 (NA) (X) South Carolina 2/ ..: 5,800 5,900 (NA) (X) Tennessee ..........: 12,500 9,300 6,800 73 Virginia ...........: 12,420 13,070 13,000 99 : United States ......: 198,280 187,630 165,300 88 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Intended area harvested in 2024 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Tobacco Area Harvested by Class and Type - States and United States: 2022-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested Class, type, and State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : Percent of : : : :previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------------- acres --------------- percent : Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14) : Georgia 2/ .............................: 6,000 6,300 (NA) (X) North Carolina .........................: 115,000 113,000 114,000 101 South Carolina 2/ ......................: 5,800 5,900 (NA) (X) Virginia ...............................: 12,100 12,800 13,000 102 : United States ..........................: 138,900 138,000 127,000 92 : Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23) : Kentucky ...............................: 9,500 6,300 5,000 79 Tennessee ..............................: 6,300 5,100 3,800 75 Virginia 2/ ............................: 120 100 (NA) (X) : United States ..........................: 15,920 11,500 8,800 77 : Class 3A, Light air-cured : Type 31, Burley : Kentucky .............................: 28,000 27,000 23,000 85 North Carolina 2/ ....................: 160 120 (NA) (X) Pennsylvania 2/ ......................: 1,300 1,100 (NA) (X) Tennessee ............................: 2,700 3,000 2,000 67 Virginia 2/ ..........................: 200 170 (NA) (X) : United States ........................: 32,360 31,390 25,000 80 : Type 32, Southern Maryland 2/ : Pennsylvania .........................: 100 40 (NA) (X) : United States ........................: 100 40 (NA) (X) : Total light air-cured (31-32) ....... : 32,460 31,430 25,000 80 : Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) : Kentucky ...............................: 5,500 3,500 3,500 100 Tennessee ..............................: 3,500 1,200 1,000 83 : United States ..........................: 9,000 4,700 4,500 96 : Class 4, Cigar filler 2/ : Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf : Pennsylvania .........................: 2,000 2,000 (NA) (X) : United States ........................: 2,000 2,000 (NA) (X) : All tobacco : United States ..........................: 198,280 187,630 165,300 88 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Intended area harvested in 2024 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Dry Edible Bean Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024 [Excludes beans grown for garden seed] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- 1,000 acres ----------------- percent : California 2/ ......: 12.0 16.0 (NA) (X) Colorado ...........: 34.0 33.0 41.0 124 Idaho ..............: 36.0 35.0 40.0 114 Michigan ...........: 215.0 210.0 220.0 105 Minnesota ..........: 215.0 210.0 240.0 114 Nebraska ...........: 115.0 100.0 115.0 115 North Dakota .......: 570.0 530.0 620.0 117 Washington .........: 29.0 32.0 40.0 125 Wyoming 2/ .........: 15.0 14.0 (NA) (X) : United States ......: 1,241.0 1,180.0 1,316.0 112 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Intended plantings in 2024 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Chickpea Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted Size and State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Small chickpeas 2/ : California 3/ ..........................: (D) (D) (NA) (X) Idaho ..................................: 15.0 23.0 22.0 96 Montana ................................: 33.0 41.0 32.0 78 North Dakota ...........................: (D) (D) 8.0 (D) Washington .............................: 28.0 33.0 45.0 136 : Other States 4/ ........................: 5.7 8.4 - (X) : United States ..........................: 81.7 105.4 107.0 102 : Large chickpeas 5/ : California 3/ ..........................: (D) (D) (NA) (X) Idaho ..................................: 47.0 49.0 73.0 149 Montana ................................: 152.0 133.0 142.0 107 North Dakota ...........................: (D) (D) 22.0 (D) Washington .............................: 66.0 67.0 85.0 127 : Other States 4/ ........................: 10.7 18.0 - (X) : United States ..........................: 275.7 267.0 322.0 121 : All chickpeas : California 3/ ..........................: 2.4 4.4 (NA) (X) Idaho ..................................: 62.0 72.0 95.0 132 Montana ................................: 185.0 174.0 174.0 100 North Dakota ...........................: 14.0 22.0 30.0 136 Washington .............................: 94.0 100.0 130.0 130 : United States ..........................: 357.4 372.4 429.0 115 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Intended plantings in 2024 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Chickpeas 20/64 inches or smaller. 3/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. 4/ Includes data withheld above. 5/ Chickpeas larger than 20/64 inches. Lentil Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Idaho 2/ ...........: 15.0 18.0 (NA) (X) Montana ............: 520.0 390.0 570.0 146 North Dakota .......: 100.0 93.0 140.0 151 Washington .........: 45.0 45.0 52.0 116 : United States ......: 680.0 546.0 762.0 140 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Intended plantings in 2024 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Dry Edible Pea Area Planted - States and United States: 2022-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Idaho ..............: 32.0 19.0 18.0 95 Montana ............: 550.0 580.0 570.0 98 Nebraska ...........: 34.0 21.0 48.0 229 North Dakota .......: 230.0 270.0 280.0 104 South Dakota 2/ ....: 16.0 14.0 (NA) (X) Washington .........: 83.0 62.0 58.0 94 : United States ......: 945.0 966.0 974.0 101 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Intended plantings in 2024 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 3,101 2,566 2,555 Corn for grain 1/ ......................: 94,641 90,036 86,513 Corn for silage ........................: (NA) 6,471 Hay, all ...............................: (NA) (NA) 52,821 51,562 Alfalfa ..............................: (NA) 15,634 All other ............................: (NA) 37,187 Oats ...................................: 2,555 2,318 831 Proso millet ...........................: 619 572 Rice ...................................: 2,894 2,932 2,854 Rye ....................................: 2,293 322 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...................: 7,195 6,395 6,115 Sorghum for silage .....................: (NA) 384 Wheat, all .............................: 49,575 47,498 37,272 Winter ...............................: 36,699 34,135 24,683 Durum ................................: 1,676 2,028 1,604 Other spring .........................: 11,200 11,335 10,985 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2,344.5 2,366.5 2,319.2 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) Flaxseed ...............................: 178 105 160 Mustard seed ...........................: 245.0 238.1 Peanuts ................................: 1,645.0 1,651.0 1,574.0 Rapeseed ...............................: 13.2 10.1 Safflower ..............................: 129.5 126.0 Soybeans for beans .....................: 83,600 86,510 82,356 Sunflower ..............................: 1,315.0 957.5 1,267.5 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all ............................: 10,230.0 10,673.0 7,064.6 Upland ...............................: 10,083.0 10,470.0 6,924.8 American Pima ........................: 147.0 203.0 139.8 Sugarbeets .............................: 1,137.4 1,129.0 1,127.3 Sugarcane ..............................: (NA) 929.6 Tobacco ................................: (NA) (NA) 187.6 165.3 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 372.4 429.0 359.2 Dry edible beans .......................: 1,180.0 1,316.0 1,156.9 Dry edible peas ........................: 966.0 974.0 941.0 Lentils ................................: 546.0 762.0 523.0 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: (NA) 54.3 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .........................: (NA) 31.3 Potatoes ...............................: 965.0 960.2 Spearmint oil ..........................: (NA) 12.2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production Crop :---------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 ----- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 72.4 185,036 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 177.3 15,341,595 Corn for silage ....................tons: 20.1 129,994 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.25 118,769 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.19 49,916 All other ........................tons: 1.85 68,853 Oats ............................bushels: 68.6 57,045 Proso millet ....................bushels: 34.2 19,572 Rice 2/ .............................cwt: 7,649 218,291 Rye .............................bushels: 32.2 10,375 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 52.0 317,745 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 13.0 4,981 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 48.6 1,811,977 Winter ........................bushels: 50.6 1,247,748 Durum .........................bushels: 37.0 59,329 Other spring ..................bushels: 46.0 504,900 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,793 4,157,420 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) 3,788.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 18.5 2,961 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 627 149,305 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 3,742 5,890,020 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 2,003 20,230 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,036 130,570 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 50.6 4,164,677 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,786 2,263,520 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ ....................bales: 845 12,434.0 Upland 2/ .......................bales: 841 12,127.0 American Pima 2/ ................bales: 1,054 307.0 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 31.2 35,226 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 36.3 33,766 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 2,305 432,452 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas 2/ ........................cwt: 1,315 4,722 Dry edible beans 2/ .................cwt: 2,067 23,910 Dry edible peas 2/ ..................cwt: 1,922 18,086 Lentils 2/ ..........................cwt: 1,098 5,742 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops .............................pounds: 1,915 104,042.5 Maple syrup .....................gallons: (NA) 4,179 Mushrooms ........................pounds: (NA) 666,647 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 90 2,811 Potatoes ............................cwt: 459 440,750 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 126 1,541 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 1,254,940 1,038,430 1,033,980 Corn for grain 1/ ..............:38,300,270 36,436,670 35,010,950 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,618,750 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 21,376,130 20,866,630 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) 6,326,920 All other ....................: (NA) 15,049,210 Oats ...........................: 1,033,980 938,070 336,300 Proso millet ...................: 250,500 231,480 Rice ...........................: 1,171,170 1,186,550 1,154,990 Rye ............................: 927,950 130,310 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,911,740 2,587,990 2,474,680 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 155,400 Wheat, all 2/ ..................:20,062,510 19,221,970 15,083,610 Winter .......................:14,851,720 13,814,090 9,988,960 Durum ........................: 678,260 820,710 649,120 Other spring .................: 4,532,530 4,587,160 4,445,520 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 948,800 957,700 938,560 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 72,030 42,490 64,750 Mustard seed ...................: 99,150 96,360 Peanuts ........................: 665,720 668,140 636,980 Rapeseed .......................: 5,340 4,090 Safflower ......................: 52,410 50,990 Soybeans for beans .............:33,832,080 35,009,730 33,328,650 Sunflower ......................: 532,170 387,490 512,940 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 4,139,980 4,319,260 2,858,970 Upland .......................: 4,080,490 4,237,100 2,802,400 American Pima ................: 59,490 82,150 56,580 Sugarbeets .....................: 460,290 456,900 456,210 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) 376,200 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 75,930 66,900 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ......................: 150,710 173,610 145,360 Dry edible beans ...............: 477,530 532,570 468,190 Dry edible peas ................: 390,930 394,170 380,810 Lentils ........................: 220,960 308,370 211,650 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...........................: (NA) 21,980 Maple syrup ....................: (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ......................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 12,670 Potatoes .......................: 390,530 388,580 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 4,940 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 3.90 4,028,680 Corn for grain .........................: 11.13 389,694,460 Corn for silage ........................: 45.03 117,928,570 Hay, all 2/ ............................: 5.04 107,745,420 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.16 45,283,030 All other ............................: 4.15 62,462,390 Oats ...................................: 2.46 828,010 Proso millet ...........................: 1.92 443,890 Rice ...................................: 8.57 9,901,510 Rye ....................................: 2.02 263,540 Sorghum for grain ......................: 3.26 8,071,090 Sorghum for silage .....................: 29.08 4,518,690 Wheat, all 2/ ..........................: 3.27 49,313,930 Winter ...............................: 3.40 33,958,140 Durum ................................: 2.49 1,614,670 Other spring .........................: 3.09 13,741,130 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2.01 1,885,770 Cottonseed .............................: (X) 3,436,420 Flaxseed ...............................: 1.16 75,210 Mustard seed ...........................: 0.70 67,720 Peanuts ................................: 4.19 2,671,670 Rapeseed ...............................: 2.25 9,180 Safflower ..............................: 1.16 59,230 Soybeans for beans .....................: 3.40 113,343,930 Sunflower ..............................: 2.00 1,026,720 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .........................: 0.95 2,707,180 Upland ...............................: 0.94 2,640,340 American Pima ........................: 1.18 66,840 Sugarbeets .............................: 70.05 31,956,490 Sugarcane ..............................: 81.42 30,632,000 Tobacco ................................: 2.58 196,160 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 1.47 214,190 Dry edible beans .......................: 2.32 1,084,540 Dry edible peas ........................: 2.15 820,370 Lentils ................................: 1.23 260,450 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: 2.15 47,190 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) 20,900 Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) 302,390 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.10 1,280 Potatoes ...............................: 51.45 19,992,090 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.14 700 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. Winter Weather Summary Highlights: Simply stated, it was the Nation's warmest winter on record, fueled by unprecedented warmth in December and near-record warmth in February. In fact, sustained frigid conditions in the central and eastern United States, as well as the Northwest, were effectively limited to a brief period, roughly 10 days, in mid-January. The overarching warmth was driven by weather patterns associated with a strong, mature, El Niño, as well as pervasively warm oceanic temperatures spanning nearly the entire globe. Meanwhile, much of the western United States experienced a second consecutive favorably wet winter, with exceptions. For example, mountain snowpack was slow to build in the Sierra Nevada, although mid- to late-winter storminess left snow-water equivalencies approaching normal by the end of February-with additional snow falling in early March. Farther north, however, end-of-winter snowpack was considerably below average in much of Montana, Washington, northern Idaho, and northeastern Wyoming. With mild conditions lasting for much of the winter, there was little reprieve from extreme weather, such as wildfires and severe thunderstorms, more typically associated with other seasons. During the final days of winter, on February 26-27, a rash of wildfires on the central and southern Plains resulted in some livestock losses and extensive damage to farm and ranch infrastructure, including fencing. During the late-February wildfire siege, well over a million acres of vegetation-mostly dormant grasses-burned across the Texas Panhandle and adjacent areas, with well over 100 homes destroyed. Fire-related impacts on ranching operations included cattle deaths and injuries, as well as the losses of fencing and other farm infrastructure. The Smokehouse Creek Fire-east and northeast of Lake Meredith-became the largest wildfire in modern Texas history, scorching more than 1.05 million acres when including some acreage in western Oklahoma. Large, late-February wildfires burned as far north as Nebraska, where the Betty's Way Fire consumed more than 71,000 acres of vegetation north of North Platte. Regarding severe thunderstorms in the United States, the last seven (of 83) tornado-related fatalities during 2023 occurred in Tennessee on December 9. The peak day for severe weather during the first month of 2024 was January 9, when one tornado-related fatality apiece occurred in Alabama and North Carolina. During the last month of meteorological winter, the first two February tornadoes ever spotted in Wisconsin-with records back to 1950- touched down on the 8th. Another round of severe weather struck areas from the eastern Corn Belt to the Appalachians on February 27-28, with tornadoes spotted on the initial day of the outbreak as far north as northern Illinois and southern Michigan. According to the Drought Monitor, drought coverage in the Lower 48 States started the winter at 36.05 percent and dipped as low as 19.46 percent by mid-February 2024. Winter drought improvement was particularly pronounced from the central Gulf Coast to the mid-Atlantic, with modest improvement noted in areas such as the central and southern Plains, the Pacific Northwest, and much of the Southwest. Only parts of the northern Rockies and adjacent High Plains saw a sizeable increase in drought coverage between November 28, 2023, and February 13, 2024. During the final weeks of winter, national drought coverage crept back up to 21.59 percent by February 27. With improving soil moisture in many winter wheat production areas, the crop mostly overwintered well. Notably, Kansas reported the most significant improvement in winter wheat rated good to excellent between November 26 and February 25, from 32 to 57 percent. Other states observing a double-digit increase in winter wheat rated good to excellent between late November and late February included North Carolina (from 71 to 89 percent), Oklahoma (from 53 to 70 percent), Nebraska (from 49 to 60 percent), and Michigan (from 46 to 57 percent). Meanwhile, Montana experienced the greatest decline in winter wheat rated good to excellent (from 58 to 45 percent) during the 3-month period ending in late February. Based on Drought Monitor-derived statistics, just 12 percent of the Nation's winter wheat production area was experiencing drought on February 20, 2024, down from an autumn 2023 peak of 49 percent. Historical Perspective: According to preliminary data provided by the National Centers for Environmental Information, the incredible warmth of December and February propelled the Nation to its warmest winter on record, with an average temperature of 37.60°F. That value was 5.37°F above the 1901-2000 mean and easily exceeded the 2015-16 standard of 36.78°F. All thirteen of the warmest winters in the last 130 years have occurred since 1990. Meanwhile, it was the Nation's 21st-wettest winter on record, despite a relatively dry February. December-February precipitation across the Lower 48 States averaged 7.71 inches, nearly an inch above the 1901-2000 mean of 6.79 inches. It was the warmest winter on record in eight states, including Iowa and most Canadian Border States from North Dakota to New Hampshire. In fact, top-ten rankings for winter warmth spanned much of the country, excluding only Arizona, New Mexico, and Washington, along with the Southeastern States from Arkansas and Louisiana eastward to the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida. The "coolest" state, Alabama, ranked in the warmest one-third of the historical distribution, coming in with its 43rd-warmest winter. Meanwhile, state precipitation rankings ranged from the 22nd-driest winter in Montana to top-ten winter wetness in Kansas and the nine Atlantic Coast States from Virginia to Massachusetts. December: As December began, producers had completed most harvest activities for 2023 crops. By November 26, only 4 percent of the Nation's corn acreage had not been harvested, compared to the 5-year average of 5 percent. On the same date, the Nation's cotton harvest was 83 percent complete, ahead of the 5-year average of 79 percent. Thereafter, December featured periods of significant precipitation in several areas of the country, including large sections of the Plains, upper Midwest, and Atlantic Coast States. However, drier-than-normal December weather dominated the mid-South and interior sections of the western United States. In the latter region, mountain snowpack was slow to build, due to a combination of mild weather and lack of storminess. According to the California Department of Water Resources, the average water equivalency of the Sierra Nevada snowpack stood at 2.5 inches by month's end, approximately one-quarter of the end-of-December average. Mild December weather covered not only the West, but also the remainder of the country. Characteristic of El Niño, which developed in the spring and summer of 2023 but only much later began to strongly influence North American weather patterns, the warmest weather-with temperatures averaging at least 6 to 12°F above normal-stretched from the northern and central Plains into the Northeast. Even relatively cooler areas, such as the lower Southeast, noted near- or slightly above-normal December temperatures. For parts of the northern Plains and upper Midwest, it was the warmest December on record. In South Dakota alone, it was the warmest December in dozens of communities, including Huron, Mitchell, Mobridge, Sioux Falls, Sisseton, and Watertown. In each of those locations, previous records for December warmth had been set in 1939 or earlier. January: Following the Nation's warmest December on record, January began with a continuation of mild weather. However, for approximately 10 days, peaking around mid-January, frigid, windy, and occasionally snowy weather caused widespread travel disruptions and significantly increased livestock stress, just as lambing and calving were getting underway. Some of the greatest impacts stretched from the central Plains into the Midwest, where back-to-back winter storms resulted in blizzard conditions. Ironically, the snow was highly beneficial for winter wheat, especially in drought-affected areas of the central Plains. In fact, there were marked improvements in topsoil moisture during January across the Plains, South, and lower Midwest. Between December 31, 2023, and late January, states reporting 20- to 50-point decreases in topsoil moisture rated very short to short included Louisiana (from 64 to 15 percent), Mississippi (from 52 to 8 percent), Tennessee (from 44 to 2 percent), Indiana (from 40 to 8 percent), Kansas (from 47 to 20 percent), Nebraska (from 52 to 26 percent), Illinois (from 28 to 4 percent), and Colorado (from 45 to 23 percent). Despite lingering, long-term drought in parts of the South and Midwest, surplus topsoil moisture developed in some areas, due to rain and melting snow. By late January, topsoil moisture was rated one-third to two-thirds surplus in a few states, including Ohio (62 percent), Tennessee (60 percent), North Carolina (43 percent), Illinois (39 percent), Louisiana (39 percent), and Mississippi (34 percent). There was some January improvement in the Western snowpack situation, although there were still large gaps in adequate coverage. Notably, the average water equivalency of the Sierra Nevada snowpack increased about 6 inches during January. However, that left the Sierra Nevada with an average water equivalency of just 8.5 inches by month's end, approximately one-half of the end-of-January average. Another notable area with sub-par snowpack at the end of January stretched from the northern Cascades to the northern Rockies. The mid-month Arctic blast produced sub-zero temperatures as far south as Texas' northern panhandle and the Tennessee Valley and resulted in readings below -30°F on the northern High Plains. The greatest concern for winter wheat health was focused across Montana, where only a patchy or shallow snow cover existed when the coldest air arrived on January 13-14. Farther south, freezes struck Deep South Texas on January 16-17, with potential impacts on citrus and other temperature-sensitive crops. Southern Louisiana experienced hard freezes (28°F or below) from January 15-17, although impacts were limited by the fact that the sugarcane harvest was complete. Meanwhile, Florida's key winter agricultural areas escaped the cold wave. On the strength of the mid-January cold snap, monthly temperatures averaged at least 2 to 6°F below normal across the Nation's mid-section, including much the Plains, mid-South, and western and central Gulf Coast States, as well as the northern tier of the western United States. In contrast, readings averaged 2 to 6°F above normal from the Great Lakes region into the Northeast. February: Like December 2023, February featured record-shattering monthly warmth across much of the central United States, including portions of the Plains and Midwest. Monthly temperatures averaged at least 10°F above normal from the northern and central Plains into the Great Lakes States. Consistent, early-season warmth extended to other areas, including the Northwest, Northeast, and mid-South. In fact, slightly cooler-than-normal February conditions were generally limited to Florida's peninsula, as well as parts of California and the Desert Southwest. The net result of the lack of wintry weather was to accelerate the spring development of a variety of Southern crops, including winter grains and budding or blooming fruits. In much of the West, stormy weather in January and February helped to boost high-elevation snowpack, following a slow start to the winter wet season. According to the California Department of Water Resources, the average water equivalency of the Sierra Nevada snowpack climbed nearly 10 inches during the month to top 18 inches, approximately 80 percent of normal for the end of February. Farther north, however, significantly below-average snowpack was observed at the end of February in much of Montana and Washington, as well as northern sections of Idaho and Wyoming. "Snow drought" extended into parts of the upper Midwest. Late in the month, record-setting warmth, accompanied by low humidity levels and high winds, contributed to devastating wildfires across Texas' northern panhandle and environs. Many of the fires, which started on February 26 or 27, were ignited in the Canadian River drainage basin. Soon, the Smokehouse Creek Fire became the largest wildfire in modern Texas history. During the late-month warm spell, dozens of all-time February and winter record-high temperatures were established across the Plains and Midwest. Crop Comments Corn: Growers intend to plant 90.0 million acres of corn for all purposes in 2024, a decrease of 5 percent from last year. Compared with last year, planted acreage is expected to be down or unchanged in 38 of the 48 estimating States. Acreage decreases of 300,000 acres or more from last year are expected in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, South Dakota, and Texas. The planted acreage in Iowa will be the lowest since 2006. The planted acreage in Montana will be the highest since 1958. Record high acreage is expected in Arizona and Oregon. Record low acreage is expected in Rhode Island. Sorghum: Growers intend to plant 6.40 million acres of sorghum for all purposes in 2024, down 11 percent from last year. Kansas, the leading sorghum-producing State, is expecting 7 percent less sorghum acres in 2024 than last year. Texas growers are expecting to plant 25 percent less of sorghum acres than last year. As of March 17, Texas growers had planted 27 percent of their expected acreage, 1 percentage point ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Oats: Area expected to be seeded to oats for the 2024 crop year is estimated at 2.32 million acres, up 1 percent from 2023 for comparable States. If realized, the United States planted area will be the lowest on record. Record low planted acreage is expected in Ohio and Oregon. Beginning in 2024, oat estimates were discontinued in Arkansas, California, Missouri, and Oklahoma. Barley: Producers seeded 2.57 million acres of barley for the 2024 crop year, down 17 percent from the previous year. In Montana, the largest barley State, acreage is expected to decrease by 20 percent, from last year. Record low acreage is expected in Colorado, Idaho, Maryland, and Oregon. Winter wheat: The 2024 winter wheat planted area is estimated at 34.1 million acres, down 1 percent from the previous estimate and down 7 percent from last year for comparable States. Of the total planted acreage, approximately 24.3 million acres are Hard Red Winter, 6.26 million acres are Soft Red Winter, and 3.59 million acres are White Winter. The only States expecting increased acreage from 2023 are Montana and Washington. If realized, Michigan, Utah, and Virginia will have record low planted areas. Beginning in 2024, winter wheat estimates were discontinued in New Jersey. Durum wheat: Area seeded to Durum wheat for 2024 is estimated at 2.03 million acres, up 22 percent from 2023 for comparable States. Of the four estimating States, none expect to be down from last year. If realized this would be the highest Durum wheat acreage since 2018. As of March 24, heading of Durum wheat in Arizona was 66 percent complete, 32 percentage points ahead of last year, and 37 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average pace. Beginning in 2024, Durum wheat estimates were discontinued in Idaho. Other spring wheat: Growers intend to plant 11.3 million acres of other spring wheat, up 1 percent from 2023. Of this total, about 10.7 million acres are Hard Red Spring wheat. Planted area in North Dakota, the largest spring wheat-producing State, is estimated at 5.30 million acres, down 5 percent from last year. Hay: Producers intend to harvest 51.6 million acres of all hay in 2024, down 2 percent from 2023. Record low all hay harvested area is expected in Delaware and a record high is expected in Florida. Rice: Area planted to rice in 2024 is expected to total 2.93 million acres, up 1 percent from 2023. Arkansas, the largest long grain rice-producing State, is expected to increase long grain acres by 11 percent from the previous year. Compared with last year, medium grain acres are expected to decrease 26 percent but short grain acres are expected to increase 75 percent. California, the largest medium and short grain-producing State, is expected to decrease medium grain planted area by 6 percent but increase short grain planted area by 80 percent in 2024. If realized, medium grain planted area in Missouri will be tied for a record high. Canola: Producers intend to plant a record high 2.37 million acres in 2024. Compared with last year, planted area is expected to increase in Kansas, Minnesota, Montana, and Oklahoma. Planted area in North Dakota, the leading canola-producing State, is down 7 percent from last year but is still the second highest area on record. Planted area in Montana, at 190,000 acres, will be a record high, if realized. After being discontinued in 2019, canola estimates began again for Idaho in 2024. Soybeans: Growers intend to plant 86.5 million acres in 2024, up 3 percent from last year. Compared with last year, planted acreage intentions are up or unchanged in 24 of the 29 estimating States. Increases of 100,000 acres or more are anticipated in Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Ohio, and South Dakota. A decrease of 180,000 acres is expected in Kansas. If realized, the planted area in Kentucky and New York will be the largest on record. Peanuts: Growers intend to plant 1.65 million acres in 2024, down less than 1 percent from last year in comparable States. Compared with last year, planted acreage is expected to increase 6 percent or more in Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina. In Georgia, the largest peanut-producing State, planted area is expected to be up 6 percent from last year to 820,000 acres. The largest decline is expected in Texas, where planted area is expected to be down 29 percent from last year. Beginning in 2024, peanut estimates began in Missouri but were discontinued in New Mexico. Sunflower: Growers intend to plant 957,500 acres in 2024, a decrease of 27 percent from 2023. This will represent the lowest planted area on record for the Nation since 1976, if realized. Compared with last year, growers in all eight major sunflower-producing States expect a decline in planted acreage this year. Planted area in North Dakota is expected to decrease 23 percent from last year to 440,000 acres, which will represent the third lowest area since 1974 for the State. Growers in South Dakota intend to plant 350,000 acres, a decline of 29 percent from last year and will represent the lowest planted area since 1990. Record low planted area is expected in California, Colorado, Kansas, Minnesota, and Nebraska. Area intended for oil type varieties, at 804,000 acres, is down 31 percent from 2023 and will be the lowest since 1976, if realized. All eight major sunflower-producing States are expecting a decrease in acreage planted to oil type varieties. Area intended for non-oil varieties, at 153,500 acres, is down slightly from last year and will represent the fifth lowest acreage on record for the Nation, if realized. Compared with last year, growers in five of the eight major sunflower-producing States expect a decrease in acreage for non-oil type varieties. The only State expecting an increase from last year is North Dakota. Flaxseed: Growers intend to plant 105,000 acres of flaxseed in 2024, a decrease of 41 percent from 2023. If realized, will represent the lowest total for the Nation since 1996. Planted acreage in North Dakota, the largest flaxseed-producing State, is expected to be down 50 percent from 2023. If realized this will be a record low for the State. Planted acreage in Montana is expected to decrease 26 percent from the previous year. Cotton: Growers intend to plant an estimated at 10.7 million acres, up 4 percent from last year. Upland area is estimated at 10.5 million acres, up 4 percent from 2023. American Pima area is estimated at 203,000 acres, up 38 percent from 2023. Compared with last year, acreage increases are expected in most cotton- estimating States, except Georgia, Kansas, New Mexico, Texas, and Virgina. Texas and Georgia, the largest cotton-producing States, are both expecting a 1 percent decrease in area planted to all cotton. Sugarbeets: Area expected to be planted to sugarbeets for the 2024 crop year is estimated at 1.13 million acres, down 1 percent from 2023. Planting intentions are expected to be the lowest since 2018. Intended acreage in North Dakota is expected to be down 7 percent this season when compared with last year. Tobacco: United States all tobacco area for harvest in 2024 is expected to total 165,300 acres, down 4 percent from 2023 for comparable States. If realized, this will be the lowest tobacco harvested area on record. Compared with last year, harvested acreage is expected to be down in three of the four major tobacco-producing States. Flue-cured tobacco, at 127,000 acres, is 1 percent above 2023 for comparable States. The light air-cured burley tobacco, at 25,000 acres, is down 17 percent from last year for comparable States. Fire-cured tobacco, at 8,800 acres, is down 23 percent from 2023 for comparable States. Dark air-cured tobacco, at 4,500 acres, is down 4 percent from last year. Beginning in 2024, tobacco estimates were discontinued in Georgia, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina. Dry edible beans: Growers intend to plant 1.32 million acres in 2024, up 14 percent from the previous year for comparable States. All of the States in the estimation program show an increase from last year. Beginning in 2024, dry bean estimates were discontinued in California and Wyoming. Chickpeas: Growers intend to plant 429,000 acres of chickpeas, up 17 percent from the previous year for comparable States. Small chickpea expected planted area is estimated at 107,000 acres. Area expected to be planted for large chickpeas in 2024 is estimated at 322,000 acres. Beginning in 2024, chickpea estimates were discontinued in California. Lentils: Growers intend to plant 762,000 acres in 2024, up 44 percent from the previous season in comparable states. Planted area is expected to increase in all program States. Beginning in 2024, lentil estimates were discontinued in Idaho. Dry edible peas: Growers intend to plant 974,000 acres in 2024, up 2 percent from 2023, in comparable states. Planted area is expected to increase in Nebraska and North Dakota. Beginning in 2024, dry edible pea estimates were discontinued in South Dakota. Also beginning in 2024, wrinkled seed peas and Austrian winter peas were removed from the dry edible pea estimates. Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: The acreage estimates in this report are based primarily on surveys conducted during the first two weeks of March. The March Agricultural Survey is a probability survey that includes a sample of approximately 71,800 farm operators selected from a list of producers that ensures all operations in the United States have a chance to be selected. Data from operators was collected by mail, internet, or telephone to obtain information on crop acreage intentions for the 2024 crop year. Estimating Procedures: National, Regional, State, and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. Each Regional Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). Survey data are compiled to the National level and are reviewed at this level independently of each State's review. Acreage estimates were based on survey data and the historical relationship of official estimates to the survey data. Revision Policy: Acreage estimates in the Prospective Plantings report will not be revised. These estimates are intended to reflect grower intentions as of the survey period. New acreage estimates will be made based on surveys conducted in June when crop acreages have been established or planting intentions are firm. These new estimates will be published in the Acreage report scheduled for June 28, 2024. Winter wheat is an exception. Since winter wheat was seeded prior to the March survey, any changes in estimates in this report are considered revisions. The estimate of the harvested acreage of winter wheat will be published on May 10, 2024, along with the first production forecast of the crop year. Reliability: The survey used to make acreage estimates is subject to sampling and non-sampling errors that are common to all surveys. Sampling errors represent the variability between estimates that would result if many different samples were surveyed at the same time. Sampling errors for major crops are generally between 1.0 and 3.0 percent, but they cannot be applied directly to the acreage published in this report to determine confidence intervals because the official estimates represent a composite of information from more than a single source. Non-sampling errors cannot be measured directly. They may occur due to incorrect reporting and/or recording, data omissions or duplications, and errors in processing. To minimize non-sampling errors, vigorous quality controls are used in the data collection process and all data are carefully reviewed for consistency and reasonableness. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of acreage estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviations between the acreage estimates in this report and the final estimates are expressed as a percentage of the final estimates. The average of squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current estimates relative to the final end-of-season estimates, assuming that factors affecting this year's estimates are not different from those influencing recent years. For example, the "Root Mean Square Error" for the corn planted estimate is 2.4 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current corn acreage estimate will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 2.4 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 4.1 percent. Also, shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the difference between the Prospective Plantings planted acreage estimates and the final estimates. Using corn again as an example, changes between the intentions estimates and the final estimates during the past 20 years have averaged 1.53 million acres, ranging from 32,000 acres to 6.56 million acres. The prospective plantings estimates have been below the final estimate 11 times and above 9 times. This does not imply that the planted estimate this year is likely to understate or overstate the final estimate. Reliability of Prospective Plantings Planted Acreage Estimates [Based on data for the past twenty years] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Difference between forecast : : : and final estimate : : :---------------------------------------------------------------- : : 90 percent : Thousand acres : Years Crop : Root mean : confidence :---------------------------------------------------------------- : square error : interval : : : : Below : Above : : : Average : Smallest : Largest : final : final --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ percent ------ --------- 1,000 acres --------- ---- number --- : Barley .......................: 7.4 12.8 201 14 401 8 12 Corn .........................: 2.4 4.1 1,532 32 6,558 11 9 Hay 1/ .......................: 3.1 5.4 1,499 34 3,769 2 18 Oats .........................: 6.5 11.2 138 3 490 7 13 Peanuts ......................: 7.6 13.2 98 8 216 11 9 Rice .........................: 7.3 12.5 175 26 329 11 9 Sorghum ......................: 8.9 15.3 490 39 1,220 12 8 Soybeans .....................: 3.4 5.8 1,821 156 8,517 7 13 Sugarbeets ...................: 1.7 3.0 16 1 46 10 10 Upland cotton ................: 7.7 13.3 750 13 2,115 12 8 Wheat : Winter wheat ................: 1.8 3.1 565 21 1,242 5 15 Durum wheat .................: 21.6 37.3 246 45 1,028 12 8 Other spring ................: 5.6 9.6 531 86 2,083 8 12 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Harvested acreage. USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Nicholas Streff, Acting Chief, Crops Branch............................................................ (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop Progress and Condition (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Barley, Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings (202) 690-1042 David Colwell - Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products (202) 720-8800 Michelle Harder - County Estimates, Hay (202) 690-8533 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet (202) 720-9526 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Sunflower, Other Oilseeds........................................................ (202) 720-7369 Travis Thorson - Peanuts, Rice.................................................................... (202) 720-2127 Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section..................................... (202) 720-2127 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco................................................................................. (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Sweet Corn, Tomatoes................................................................................... (202) 720-7235 Robert Little - Blueberries, Cabbage, Dry Beans, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple Syrup, Pears, Raspberries, Spinach............................................................... (202) 720-3250 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Asparagus, Celery, Grapefruit, Kiwifruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios................................. (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes............................................ (202) 720-4285 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons................................ (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans.............................................. (202) 720-4215 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS's and other agency's archived reports. 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