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{{Short description|Protected marine area near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, United States}}
'''Monitor National Marine Sanctuary''' is the site of the wreck of the [[USS Monitor]], one of the most famous shipwrecks in U.S. history. It was designated as the country's first national marine sanctuary on [[January 30]], [[1975]], and is the only one of the thirteen national marine sanctuaries created to protect a cultural resource rather than a natural resource. The sanctuary comprises a column of water one nautical mile in diameter extending from the ocean’s surface to the seabed around the wreck of the Civil War [[ironclad]], which lies 16 miles south-southeast of [[Cape Hatteras]], N.C. Average water depth in the sanctuary is 230 feet, depending on tidal cycles and the [[Gulf Stream]]. Since its sinking in [[1862]], the ''Monitor'' has become an artificial reef attracting numerous fish species, including [[amberjack]], black seabass, oyster toadfish and great [[barracuda]].▼
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Monitor National Marine Sanctuary
| alt_name =
| iucn_category =
| photo = Monitor National Marine Sanctuary.jpg
| photo_alt = Monitor National Marine Sanctuary
| photo_caption = Monitor National Marine Sanctuary
| photo_width = 200
| map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| map_width =
| location = [[Cape Hatteras]], [[North Carolina]], [[United States]]
| nearest_city =
| coordinates = {{coord|35.00195|-75.40633|format=dms|region:US_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| coords_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://monitor.noaa.gov/shipwrecks/uss_monitor.html|title=Ship Stats|publisher=NOAA}}</ref>
| area = {{convert|.785|sqnmi|sqkm}}
| established = 1975
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body = [[National Ocean Service|NOAA National Ocean Service]]
| world_heritage_site =
| url = http://monitor.noaa.gov/
}}
▲'''Monitor National Marine Sanctuary''' is the site of the wreck of the
==USS Monitor==▼
[[Image:H58758.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Engraving of the ''Monitor'' sinking]]▼
The ''Monitor'' was the prototype for a class of [[U.S. Civil War]] ironclad, turreted warships that significantly altered both naval technology and marine architecture in the nineteenth century. Designed by the Swedish engineer [[John Ericsson]], the vessel contained all of the emerging innovations that revolutionized warfare at sea. The Monitor was constructed in a mere 110 days. <ref>http://www.npr.org/programs/re/archivesdate/1997/sanct/monitor.html</ref> ▼
▲==USS ''Monitor''==
While the design of ''Monitor'' was well-suited for river combat, her low freeboard and heavy turret made her highly unseaworthy in rough waters. This feature probably led to the early loss of the original ''Monitor'', which foundered during a heavy storm. Swamped by high waves while under tow by [[USS Rhode Island (1861)|''Rhode Island'']], she sank on [[December 31]], [[1862]] in the [[Atlantic Ocean]] off Cape Hatteras. Sixteen of 62 crewmen were lost in the storm.▼
▲The ''Monitor'' was the prototype for a class of [[U.S. Civil War]] ironclad, turreted warships that significantly altered both naval technology and marine architecture in the nineteenth century. Designed by the Swedish engineer [[John Ericsson]], the vessel contained all of the emerging innovations that revolutionized warfare at sea. The ''Monitor'' was constructed in a mere 110 days.
▲While the design of ''Monitor'' was well-suited for river combat, her low freeboard and heavy turret made her highly unseaworthy in rough waters. This feature probably led to the early loss of the original ''Monitor'', which foundered during a heavy storm. Swamped by high waves while under tow by [[USS Rhode Island (1861)|''Rhode Island'']], she sank on
==Rediscovery==
In
==Preservation==
Initial dives in the 1970s and later research expeditions in the early 1990s have indicated that the ''Monitor''’s iron hull, having been inundated with saltwater for over 100 years, is deteriorating at an accelerated rate. In
The warship's propeller was raised to the surface in 1998. On
▲The warship's propeller was raised to the surface in 1998. On [[July 16]], [[2001]], divers brought to the surface the 30-ton steam engine. In [[2002]], after 41 days of work, the revolutionary revolving gun turret was recovered by the NOAA and a team of U.S. Navy divers. Before removing the turret, divers discovered the remains of two trapped crew members. The remains of these sailors, who died while on duty, are at the Joint POW-MIA Accounting Command at [[Hickam Air Force Base]], Hawaii, awaiting positive identification.
Many artifacts from ''Monitor'', including her turret, propeller, anchor, engine, delicate glass bottles, lumps of coal, wood paneling, a leather book cover and even walnut halves, have been conserved and are on display at the [[Mariners' Museum]] of [[Newport News, Virginia]]. Once conservation is complete, artifacts are available for exhibition and study. While the majority of the ''Monitor'' artifacts remain at The Mariners’ Museum, other facilities including the [[Richmond National Battlefield Park]] in Virginia, Civil War Naval Museum in [[Columbus, Georgia]], Nauticus in [[Norfolk, Virginia]], and soon the [[Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum]] in [[Hatteras,
In
==References==
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==External links==
* {{Official website|https://monitor.noaa.gov/}}
{{Protected
{{National marine sanctuaries of the United States}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Dare County, North Carolina]]▼
[[Category:National Marine Sanctuaries of the United States]]
▲[[Category:Protected areas of Dare County, North Carolina]]
[[Category:Protected areas of North Carolina]]
[[Category:1975 establishments in North Carolina]]
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