Camillo Rondani: Difference between revisions

'''Camillo Róndani''' (21 November 1808 – 17 September 1879) was an Italian [[entomology|entomologist]] noted for his studies of [[Diptera]].▼

When Camillo Róndani was born in [[Parma]] the city was part of the French Empire [[Napoleon]] having crowned himself King of Italy. The Róndani family were wealthy landowners and of "rich and of ancient origins" with ecclesiastical connections preliminary and Camillo's early education was in a seminary. He then passed into the public school system where, encouraged by [[Macedonio Melloni]] his [[physics]] and [[chemistry]] teacher in the preparatory course for the University of Parma, he did not attend the law lessons his family had insisted on. He attended [[mineralogy]] classes given by a [[Franciscan]] priest, Father Bagatta and was taught natural history, a complementary course to [[botany]] for Medicine and Pharmacy. The Reader of Botany to the Athenaeum Parmesan was Professori [[Giorgio Jan]], assistant at the Imperial Museum in [[Vienna]] and holder of the chair of [[zoology]] in Parma University. From Jan Róndani received many gifts to his collection: [[Coleoptera]] and a [[herbarium]]. Through Jan Róndani gained access to the house of the Conte Stefano Sanvitale, where an entomological club had access to the insect collection of [[Pietro Rossi (scientist)|Pietro Rossi]].▼

Róndani qualified as a lawyer in 1831. A plan to study zoology at the [[University of Paris]], a condition of his proposed appointment as Professor of Natural Science in Parma came to nothing as Italy was thrown into political turmoil, the University urging its students to die for the unity of Italy, a resurgent demand of [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]]. Following the Ducal restoration after three years of provisional government not only was the chair of Zoology a distant dream, but the legal faculty had been removed to [[Piacenza]] in order to diminish the number of politically active students. Camillo and his brother Emilio, who had been imprisoned by the temporary government, turned to colonial commerce. Róndani studied the insects of the exotic products describing two of the beetles he found ''Cis jalapa'' from chillies and ''Brucus dolici'' from Santa Domingo coffee.▼

In 1833 Róndani married his first love, Petronilla, for whom he later named a new species of ''Ceria'' now ''Sphiximorpha petronillae''. The couple ran a family farm on the pleasant hillsides of [[Guardasone]]. This was transformed with dams and scientific [[soil management]] systems, and he used it to study [[agronomy]] and, with Petronilla, poetry and the arts. It was at this time that his studies of Diptera began, possibly because of their agricultural significance. A few years later Petronilla died and Róndani threw himself into entomology, working especially on the biology of parasitic insects (Diptera and Hymenoptera).▼

Although little of his entomological work was published by Róndani himself, it raised him to preeminence. In 1840, he became a member of the [[Academy of France]], published his first paper, and corresponded with [[Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville]] on insects of [[Sicily|Sicilian]] [[amber]]. Further publications rapidly followed on species new to Italy, new to science, plans of classifications, taxonomic arguments, and initial work on his masterwork, the Prodomo, a treatise on [[Diptera]]. Many were (confusingly) printed locally at the printing office in Parma, but then, following amendments in the entomological journals ''Nuovi Annali di Scienze Naturali di Bologna'', ''Magazin de Zoologie de M. J. Guérin Ménéville'', and the ''[[Annales de la Société Entomologique de France]]''.▼

In the nationalistic wars of 1848 the Róndani's were recalled to Parma. Camillo was briefly elected to represent Traversetolo. Following the catastrophic defeat of the Piedmontese at the [[Battle of Novara (1849)|Battle of Novara]], Róndani retired back to Guardasone, and for some years, as Italians became increasingly involved in colonial ambition, worked on exotic Diptera. In these years he began to collaborate with the Irish entomologist [[Alexander Henry Haliday]] with whom he was to co-found the [[Società Entomologica Italiana|Italian Entomological Society]].▼

In 1855, when Luisa Maria of Borbone, sister of [[Maria Christina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]] reopened the university of Parma, which had virtually closed its doors in 1849, Róndani became Professor of Agronomy. From this date the Prodromo began in earnest, as Róndani alternated teaching with research much of it in applied entomology. He also remarried this time to his cousin Elisa Gelati. Ten years Parma became part of the United Provinces of Central Italy, joining Tuscany, Modena and Piacenza). This led to changes in the university. The chair of agronomy was abolished and Róndani became emerito University professor of the University and insignito of the cross of the Saints Maurizio and Lazzaro. He became a natural history teacher in the R.? Grammar school and also Director of the Agrarian Institute where he taught agronomy. Róndani remained in both posts for the next ten years though the Institute passed to the Provincial Administration in 1865.▼

Róndani also became a popular writer for several newspapers and had various assignments from government and from the ''Camera d'Agricoltura e Commercio'' [Agriculture and Commerce Chamber] and the ''Giunta Superiore di Statistica'' [Advanced Committee of Statistics] for which he was awarded a medal. He maintained his interest in politics to the last, being an influential member of the ''Consigli della Provincia e del Comune'', unhesitatingly supporting liberal and progressive ideals. ''Come uomo fu moderatissimo nei desideri, semplice nel modo di vivere, costante negli affetti, irremovibile nei principii''.. moderate, simple, constant, and principled Camillo Róndani died on September 17, 1879. Róndani's collection is in [[La Specola|La Specola Museum]], Florence, Italy.▼

Picture of Camillo Róndani [https://web.archive.org/web/20060606092704/http://atene.provincia.parma.it/scuole/ssrondan/www/a1/rondani.jpg]▼

==Insects named in honour of Róndani==▼