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{{Short description|Genus of rod-shaped bacteria}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| taxon = Neobacillus
| authority = Patel and Gupta 2020
| familia = [[Bacillaceae]]▼
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = *''[[Bacillus bataviensis|N. bataviensis]]''
*''[[Neobacillus citreus|N. citreus]]''
*''[[Bacillus cucumis|N. cucumis]]''
*''[[Bacillus drentensis|N. drentensis]]''
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*''[[Bacillus notoginsengisoli|N. notoginsengisoli]]''
*''[[Bacillus novalis|N. novalis]]''
*''[[Neobacillus paridis|N. paridis]]''
*''[[Bacillus piezotolerans|N. piezotolerans]]''
*''[[Bacillus pocheonensis|N. pocheonensis]]''
*''[[Neobacillus rhizophilus|N. rhizophilus]]''
*''[[Neobacillus rhizosphaerae|N. rhizosphaerae]]''
*''[[Neobacillus sedimentimangrovi|N. sedimentimangrovi]]''
*''[[Bacillus soli|N. soli]]''
*''[[Bacillus thermocopriae|N. thermocopriae]]''
*''[[Bacillus vireti|N. vireti]]''
}}
}}'''''Neobacillus''''' is a genus of rod-shaped bacteria that show [[Gram-positive bacteria|Gram-positive]] or Gram-variable staining.<ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|last1=Patel|first1=Sudip|last2=Gupta|first2=Radhey S.|date=2020-01-01|title=A phylogenomic and comparative genomic framework for resolving the polyphyly of the genus Bacillus: Proposal for six new genera of Bacillus species, Peribacillus gen. nov., Cytobacillus gen. nov., Mesobacillus gen. nov., Neobacillus gen. nov., Metabacillus gen. nov. and Alkalihalobacillus gen. nov.|url=https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.003775|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|language=en|volume=70|issue=1|pages=406–438|doi=10.1099/ijsem.0.003775|pmid=31617837|issn=1466-5026}}</ref> This genus belongs under the family ''[[Bacillaceae]]'' within the order ''[[Bacillales]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2005|editor-last=Brenner|editor-first=Don J.|editor2-last=Krieg|editor2-first=Noel R.|editor3-last=Staley|editor3-first=James T.|editor4-last=Garrity|editor4-first=George M.|editor5-last=Boone|editor5-first=David R.|editor6-last=De Vos|editor6-first=Paul|editor7-last=Goodfellow|editor7-first=Michael|editor8-last=Rainey|editor8-first=Fred A.|editor9-last=Schleifer|editor9-first=Karl-Heinz|title=Bergey’s Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28022-7|doi=10.1007/0-387-28022-7}}</ref> The type species of ''Neobacillus'' is ''Neobacillus niacini.''<ref name=":0" />▼
▲
Members of this genus were previously part of the genus ''[[Bacillus]]''. It has long been recognized that the genus ''Bacillus'' is comprised of a wide range of phylogenetically unrelated bacteria, demonstrated through multiple phylogenetic studies and comparative genome studies.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Logan|first=N.A.|date=2011-12-20|title=Bacillus and relatives in foodborne illness|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05204.x|journal=Journal of Applied Microbiology|volume=112|issue=3|pages=417–429|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05204.x|issn=1364-5072|pmid=22121830|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=La Duc|first1=Myron T|last2=Satomi|first2=Masataka|last3=Agata|first3=Norio|last4=Venkateswaran|first4=Kasthuri|date=March 2004|title=gyrB as a phylogenetic discriminator for members of the Bacillus anthracis–cereus–thuringiensis group|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2003.11.004|journal=Journal of Microbiological Methods|volume=56|issue=3|pages=383–394|doi=10.1016/j.mimet.2003.11.004|issn=0167-7012|pmid=14967230}}</ref> ''Bacillus'' species were assigned based on vague criteria such as the ability to form endospores in the presence of oxygen, a criterion that many diverse, unrelated bacteria share.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ash|first=Carol|last2=Farrow|first2=J.A.E.|last3=Wallbanks|first3=Sally|last4=Collins|first4=M.D.|date=2008-06-28|title=Phylogenetic heterogeneity of the genus Bacillus revealed by comparative analysis of small-subunit-ribosomal RNA sequences|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.1991.tb00608.x|journal=Letters in Applied Microbiology|volume=13|issue=4|pages=202–206|doi=10.1111/j.1472-765x.1991.tb00608.x|issn=0266-8254}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Logan|first=N. A.|last2=Berge|first2=O.|last3=Bishop|first3=A. H.|last4=Busse|first4=H.-J.|last5=De Vos|first5=P.|last6=Fritze|first6=D.|last7=Heyndrickx|first7=M.|last8=Kampfer|first8=P.|last9=Rabinovitch|first9=L.|last10=Salkinoja-Salonen|first10=M. S.|last11=Seldin|first11=L.|date=2009-06-30|title=Proposed minimal standards for describing new taxa of aerobic, endospore-forming bacteria|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.013649-0|journal=INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY|volume=59|issue=8|pages=2114–2121|doi=10.1099/ijs.0.013649-0|issn=1466-5026}}</ref> The result is a big genus comprised of over 300 species with distinct biochemical characteristics that are not uniquely shared by all members, leaving no way to reliably distinguish ''Bacillus'' species from other bacteria. Subsequently, many studies have used phylogenetic analyses as a means to clarify the evolutionary relationships between ''Bacillus'' species, resulting in the establishment of many novel genera such as ''[[Virgibacillus]], [[Solibacillus]], [[Brevibacillus]]'' and ''[[Ectobacillus]].''<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Heyndrickx|first1=M.|last2=Lebbe|first2=L.|last3=Kersters|first3=K.|last4=Hoste|first4=B.|last5=De Wachter|first5=R.|last6=De Vos|first6=P.|last7=Forsyth|first7=G.|last8=Logan|first8=N. A.|date=1999-07-01|title=Proposal of Virgibacillus proomii sp. nov. and emended description of Virgibacillus pantothenticus (Proom and Knight 1950) Heyndrickx et al. 1998|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-49-3-1083|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|volume=49|issue=3|pages=1083–1090|doi=10.1099/00207713-49-3-1083|issn=1466-5026|pmid=10425765|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Shida|first1=O.|last2=Takagi|first2=H.|last3=Kadowaki|first3=K.|last4=Komagata|first4=K.|date=1996-10-01|title=Proposal for Two New Genera, Brevibacillus gen. nov. and Aneurinibacillus gen. nov.|url=https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-46-4-939|journal=International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology|language=en|volume=46|issue=4|pages=939–946|doi=10.1099/00207713-46-4-939|issn=0020-7713|pmid=8863420|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mual|first1=Poonam|last2=Singh|first2=Nitin Kumar|last3=Verma|first3=Ashish|last4=Schumann|first4=Peter|last5=Krishnamurthi|first5=Srinivasan|last6=Dastager|first6=Syed|last7=Mayilraj|first7=Shanmugam|date=2016-05-01|title=Reclassification of Bacillus isronensis Shivaji et al. 2009 as Solibacillus isronensis comb. nov. and emended description of genus Solibacillus Krishnamurthi et al. 2009|url=https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.000982|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|language=en|volume=66|issue=5|pages=2113–2120|doi=10.1099/ijsem.0.000982|issn=1466-5026|pmid=26907585|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|last1=Gupta|first1=Radhey S.|last2=Patel|first2=Sudip|last3=Saini|first3=Navneet|last4=Chen|first4=Shu|date=2020-11-01|title=Robust demarcation of 17 distinct Bacillus species clades, proposed as novel Bacillaceae genera, by phylogenomics and comparative genomic analyses: description of Robertmurraya kyonggiensis sp. nov. and proposal for an emended genus Bacillus limiting it only to the members of the Subtilis and Cereus clades of species|url=https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.004475|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|language=en|volume=70|issue=11|pages=5753–5798|doi=10.1099/ijsem.0.004475|issn=1466-5026|pmid=33112222}}</ref> Additionally, ''Bacillus'' has been restricted to included only species closely related to ''[[Bacillus subtilis]]'' and ''[[Bacillus cereus]]''.<ref name=":03" /><ref name=":12" /> ▼
▲Members of this genus were previously part of the genus ''[[Bacillus]]''. It has long been recognized that the genus ''Bacillus''
The name ''Neobacillus'' is pieced together using the prefix "neo-" (from the Greek adjective ''neos'', translating to new) and the suffix "-bacillus" (from the Latin noun ''bacillus'', referring to a small staff or rod and ''Bacillus'', the bacterial genus). Together, the name translates to "new ''Bacillus''". ▼
▲The name ''Neobacillus'' is pieced together using the prefix "neo-" (from the Greek adjective
== Biochemical Characteristics<ref name=":03" /> ==▼
Members of ''Neobacillus'' can be either [[aerobic]] or [[Facultative anaerobic organism|facultatively anaerobic.]] [[Motility]] is variable, some species are motile while others are non-motile. All studied species are observed to form [[Endospore|endospores]] under adverse environmental or nutritional conditions. ''Neobacillus'' can be found in a variety of environments, including soil, human origin (gut and skin) and plant roots. ''Neobacillus'' can grow in temperatures up to 50-55°C, but optimal growth occurs in the range of 25-37°C.▼
▲Members of ''Neobacillus'' can be either [[Aerobic organism|aerobic]] or [[Facultative anaerobic organism|facultatively anaerobic.]] [[Motility]] is variable, some species are motile while others are non-motile. All studied species are observed to form [[Endospore|endospores]] under adverse environmental or nutritional conditions. ''Neobacillus'' can be found in a variety of environments, including soil, human origin (gut and skin) and plant roots. ''Neobacillus'' can grow in temperatures up to 50-55°C, but optimal growth occurs in the range of 25-37°C.
11 [[conserved signature indels]] (CSIs)
== Taxonomy ==
As of May 2021, there are a total of 17 species with validly published names in the genus ''Neobacillus''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Genus: Neobacillus|url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/neobacillus|access-date=2021-05-20|website=lpsn.dsmz.de|language=en}}</ref> Members of this genus group together and forms a [[Monophyly|monophyletic]] branch in phylogenetic trees created from concatenated sequences from various datasets of conserved proteins as well as [[16S rRNA]] gene sequences.<ref name=":03" /> The [[Genome Taxonomy Database]] (GTDB) also shows members of ''Neobacillus'' grouping together.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GTDB - Tree|url=https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/tree?r=d__Bacteria|access-date=2021-05-25|website=gtdb.ecogenomic.org}}</ref>
Additional phylogenetic studies have identified a number of non-validly published species ("''Bacillus
==
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q107182597}}
▲11 CSIs were identified for ''Neobacillus'' in proteins such as 50S ribosomal protein L24, flagellar M-ring protein FliF, 50S ribosomal protein L11 methyltransferase, imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase subunit HisH, ATP phosphoribosyltrans- ferase regulatory subunit, LTA synthase family protein, type I DNA topoisomerase, nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase, bifunctional hydroxymethylpyrimidine kinase/phospho- methylpyrimidine kinase, single-stranded-DNA-specific exonuclease RecJ and 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase.<ref name=":03" /> Majority of the CSIs are exclusively shared by all/most members of the Neobacillus genus and are not found in any other bacteria. These CSIs can be used to identify additional members of ''Neobacillus'' through in-silico or other experimental methods.
[[Category:Taxa described in 2020]]
[[Category:Bacteria genera]]
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