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{{Short description|Family of viruses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Virusbox
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[[File:Turnip yellow mosaic virus 2.jpg|thumb|''Turnip yellow mosaic virus'' on cabbage]]
'''''Tymoviridae''''' is a family of single-stranded positive sense [[RNA]] [[viruses]] in the order ''[[Tymovirales]]''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 42 species in this family, assigned to three genera, with two species unassigned to a genus.<ref name= ViralZone>{{cite web|title=Viral Zone| url= http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/54.html|publisher=ExPASy|access-date=15 June 2015}}</ref><ref name=ICTV>{{cite web |title=Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release |url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy |publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) |date=March 2021 |access-date=15 May 2021}}</ref>
==Virology==▼
The virons are non-enveloped and [[isometry|isometric]] with a diameter of around 30 nm, with an [[icosahedral]] structure and a [[triangulation number]] (T) = 3.▼
The linear [[genome]] is between of 6-7.5 kilobases in length and encodes one large [[open reading frame]]. It is capped at the 5’ terminus. The 3’ terminus may have a [[tRNA]]-like structure or a polyA tract, depending upon the species. The genome is relatively [[cytosine]] rich.▼
==Taxonomy==
Additionally, the following two species are not assigned to a genus:<ref name=ICTV />
▲The '''''Tymoviridae''''' family includes the following genera:
===Proposed viruses===
▲*Genus ''[[Maculavirus]]''
* [[Culex tymovirus]]<ref name=Wang2012>Wang L, Lv X, Zhai Y, Fu S, Wang D, Rayner S, Tang Q, Liang G (2012) Genomic characterization of a novel virus of the family tymoviridae isolated from mosquitoes. PLoS One 7(7):e39845.
▲**[[Bombyx mori Macula-like virus]]
*
▲==Virology==
▲*Genus ''[[Marafivirus]]''
▲The
▲The linear [[genome]] is between of
▲*Genus ''[[Tymovirus]]''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
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▲**[[Andean potato mild mosaic virus]]
! Genus !! Structure || Symmetry !! Capsid !! Genomic arrangement !! Genomic segmentation
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|''Maculavirus''||Icosahedral||T=3||Non-enveloped||Linear||Monopartite
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|''Marafivirus''||Icosahedral||T=3||Non-enveloped||Linear||Monopartite
|-
|''Tymovirus''||Icosahedral||T=3||Non-enveloped||Linear||Monopartite
|}
==Life cycle==
Viral replication is cytoplasmic, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell by monopartite non-tubule guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a vector (insects). Transmission routes are vector and mechanical.<ref name=ViralZone />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
▲* [[Culex tymovirus]]<ref name=Wang2012>Wang L, Lv X, Zhai Y, Fu S, Wang D, Rayner S, Tang Q, Liang G (2012) Genomic characterization of a novel virus of the family tymoviridae isolated from mosquitoes. PLoS One 7(7):e39845. </ref>
|-
! Genus !! Host details !! Tissue tropism !! Entry details !! Release details !! Replication site !! Assembly site !! Transmission
|-
|''Maculavirus''||Plants||None||Viral movement; mechanical inoculation||Viral movement||Cytoplasm||Cytoplasm||Mechanical inoculation: pseudococcid mealybugs; Mechanical inoculation: aphids
|-
|''Marafivirus''||Plants||None||Viral movement; mechanical inoculation||Viral movement||Cytoplasm||Cytoplasm||Mechanical inoculation: pseudococcid mealybugs; Mechanical inoculation: aphids
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|''Tymovirus''||Plants||None||Viral movement; mechanical inoculation||Viral movement||Cytoplasm||Cytoplasm||Mechanical: beetles; sap
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* Martelli GP. Sabanadzovic S. Abou-Ghanem Sabanadzovic N. Edwards MC. Dreher T. (2002). The family ''Tymoviridae''. ''Archives of Virology''. 147(9):1837-46
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060405045622/http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/3035/Virusgroups.html University of Leicester Microbiology]
* [http://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/675063 UniProt Taxonomy]▼
==External links==
* [http://www.expasy.org/viralzone/all_by_species/54.html Viralzone: Tymoviridae]
* [http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp '''ICTV''']
{{Baltimore classification}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q6729}}
[[Category:Tymoviridae]]▼
▲[[Category:Tymoviridae| ]]
[[Category:Virus families]]
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