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{{Short description|German architect (1869–1949)}}
[[File:Paul Schultze-Naumburg.jpg|thumb|Paul Schultze-Naumburg.]]▼
{{Use dmy dates|date=SeptemberApril 20112020}}▼
'''Paul Schultze-Naumburg''' (10 June 1869 – 19 May 1949) was a [[Nazi architecture|Nazi architect]] and one of [[Nazi Germany]]'s most vocal political critics of [[modern architecture]]. Along with [[Alexander von Senger]], [[Eugen Honig]], [[Konrad Nonn]], and [[German Bestelmeyer]], Schultze-Naumburg was a member of a [[Nazi Party|National Socialist]] para-governmental propaganda unit called the [[Kampfbund deutscher Architekten und Ingenieure]] (KDAI).{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}}
▲[[File:Paul Schultze-Naumburg.jpg|thumb|Paul Schultze-Naumburg., 1919]]
'''Paul Schultze-Naumburg''' (10 June 1869 – 19 May 1949) was a German traditionalist architect, painter, publicist and author. A leading critic of [[modern architecture]], he joined the [[Nazi Party]] in 1930 (aged 61) and became an important advocate of [[Nazi architecture]].
 
==Life==
Schultze-Naumburg was born in [[Almrich]] (now part of [[Naumburg (Saale)|Naumburg]]) in [[Provincethe current federal state of [[Saxony|Prussian Saxony-Anhalt]], and, by 1900, was a well-known painter and architect, first emerging as a more-conservative member of the group of artists who established the [[Jugendstil]] and the Arts and Crafts workshops in Munich. His series of books the ''Kulturarbeiten'' ("Works of Culture"), nine volumes published 1900-19171900–1917, were extremely popular and established him as aan majorimportant tastemaker for the German middle class. By the First World War, he had become a majorstrong proponent of traditional architecture, an originator of the "Circa 1800" movement, and an important voice in both the Deutsche [[Deutscher Werkbund]], and the nationalist German architecture and landscape preservation movement. A well-known example of his architecture from thisthat time is the [[Cecilienhof]] Palace in Potsdam, built in 1914–1917, on the orders of [[Wilhelm II]], for his son, crown prince [[Wilhelm, 1914-1917German Crown Prince|Wilhelm]].▼
 
On 5 January 1922, Paul Schultze-Naumburg married in Saaleck Margarete Karolina Berta Dörr (1896–1960). They were childless and divorced unpleasantly on 7 February 1934. A couple of weeks later, Margarete married the Reich Minister of the Interior [[Wilhelm Frick]].<ref>[http://www.saaleck-werkstaetten.de/archiv/personen/familie_schultze-naumburg.html "Familie Paul Schultze-Naumburg“]</ref>
▲Schultze-Naumburg was born in [[Almrich]] (now part of [[Naumburg]]) in [[Province of Saxony|Prussian Saxony]], and by 1900 was a well-known painter and architect, first emerging as a more-conservative member of the group of artists who established the [[Jugendstil]] and the Arts and Crafts workshops in Munich. His series of books the ''Kulturarbeiten'' ("Works of Culture"), nine volumes published 1900-1917, were extremely popular and established him as a major tastemaker for the German middle class. By the First World War, he had become a major proponent of traditional architecture, an originator of the "Circa 1800" movement, and an important voice in both the Deutsche [[Werkbund]] and the nationalist German architecture and landscape preservation movement. A well-known example of his architecture from this time is the [[Cecilienhof]] Palace in Potsdam, built for crown prince Wilhelm, 1914-1917.
 
In response to theGermany's defeat ofin the [[First World War]], and of his own traditionalist marginalization in the interwar "progressive" architectural discourse, Schultze-Naumburg's articles and books began to take on a far harshermore and less progressiverobust character, condemning modern art and architecture in racial terms, thereby providing muchsome of the basis for [[Adolf Hitler]]'s theories, in which [[classical Greece]] and the [[Middle Ages]] were the true sources of [[Aryan]] art.<ref>Adam, ppp. 29-3229–32</ref> Schultze-Naumburg wrote such books such as ''Die Kunst der Deutschen. Ihr Wesen und ihre Werke'' ("The Art of the Germans. Its Nature and Its Works") and ''Kunst und Rasse'' ("Art and Race"), the latter published in 1928, in which he argued that only "racially pure" artists could produce a healthy art which upheld timeless [[Platonic idealism|ideals]] of [[classical beauty]], while racially "mixed" modern artists showed their inferiority and corruption by producing distorted artwork. As evidence of thisthat, he reproduced examples of modern art next to photographs of people with deformities and diseases, graphically reinforcing the idea of [[modernism]] as a sickness.<ref>Grosshans, p. 9</ref>
 
Along with [[Alexander von Senger]], [[Eugen Honig]], [[Konrad Nonn]] and [[German Bestelmeyer]], Schultze-Naumburg was a member of a Nazi para-governmental art propaganda unit called the Kampfbund deutscher Architekten und Ingenieure (KDAI) (Combat Association of German Architects and Engineers).<ref>{{cite book |last=Diefendorf |first=Jeffry M. |title=In the Wake of War : The Reconstruction of German Cities after World War II |year=2000 |publisher=Oxford University Press Inc. |location=New York |isbn=0-19-507219-7 |page=51 }}</ref>
In September 1944, he was named as one of the first rank of artists and writers important to Nazi culture in the [[Gottbegnadeten list]].▼
 
▲In September 1944, heSchultze-Naumburg was named in the [[Gottbegnadeten list]] as one of the first rank of artists and writers important to Nazi culture in the [[Gottbegnadeten list]].
Schultze-Naumburg died in [[Jena]] in 1949.
 
Schultze-Naumburg died in [[Jena]] in 1949. His ashes were placed in the [[Historical Cemetery, Weimar|Weimar Historical Cemetery]], in a mausoleum designed by him in 1909 for the poet [[Ernst von Wildenbruch]].
 
==Works==
In addition to his publications mentioned above, others are here. This is not a complete list. His books were very popular, were reprinted many times, and remain available today.
* ''Häusliche Kunstpflege'' (Leipzig 1900).
* ''Kunst und Kunstpflege'' (Leipzig 1901).
* ''Technik der Malerei: ein Handbuch fur Kunstler und Dilettanten'' (1901)
* ''Kulturarbeiten'' (1904)
* ''Das Studium und die Ziele der Malerei'' (1905)
* ''Die Entstellung unsres Landes'' (Munich 1908)
* ''Die Kultur des weiblichen Körpers als Grundlage der Frauenkleidung'' (Jena 1912)
* ''Die Gestaltung der Landschaft durch den Menschen''. Zweiter Band: III: "Der geologische Aufbau der Landschaft und die Nutzbarmachung der Mineralien IV. Die Wasserwirtschaft" (Munich 1922/8)
* ''Flaches oder geneigtes Dach? : mit einer Rundfrage an deutsche Architekten und deren Antworten'' (Berlin 1927)
* ''[https://archive.org/details/paul-schultze-naumburg-kunst-und-rasse Kunst und Rasse, Munich 1928, 4th edition 1942]''
* ''Bildmäßige Photographie, Mit 60 Bildbeispielen'' (Munich 1938)
* ''Die Kultur des Weiblichen Körpers als Grundlage der Frauenkleidung''
 
==Selected projects==
<gallery mode=packed>
Schloss Freudenberg in Wiesbaden von Süden.jpg|[[Schloss Freudenberg]] in [[Wiesbaden]]
Klingenpfad (7th stage)(V-16).jpg|Schloss Hackhausen in [[Solingen]]
File:Schloss Bahrendorf.JPG|Schloss Bahrendorf in [[Sülzetal]]
File:Berlin-Kladow Gutshaus Neukladow (1).JPG|Guest house in [[Kladow]]
Grabow manor.jpg|Manor in [[Grabow]]
Seestraße 43 Potsdam.jpg|Country home in [[Potsdam]]
</gallery>
 
== See also ==
* [[List of German artists]]
 
== Bibliography ==
* Jose-Manuel GARCÍA ROIG, ''"Tres arquitectos del periodo guillermino. Hermman Muthesius. '''Paul Schultze-Naumburg'''. [[Paul Mebes]]"'', Valladolid (Spain), 2006, {{ISBN |978-84-8448-370-0}}, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain
 
==References==
 
===Notes===
{{reflist}}
 
===Sources===
*Adam, Peter. ''Art of the Third Reich'' (1992). New York: [[Harry N. Abrams, Inc.]]. {{ISBN |0-8109-1912-5}}
*Barron, Stephanie, ed. '''Degenerate Art:' The Fate of the Avant-Garde in Nazi Germany'' (1991). New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc.. {{ISBN |0-8109-3653-4}}
*Grosshans, Henry. ''Hitler and the Artists'' (1983). New York: Holmes & Meyer. {{ISBN |0-8419-0746-3}}
 
▲{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2011}}
==External links==
* {{PM20|FID=pe/016111}}
 
{{Authority control}}
 
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Schultze-Naumburg, Paul
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 10 June 1869
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 19 May 1949
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Schultze-Naumburg, Paul}}
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[[Category:Nazi Party politicians]]
[[Category:Militant League for German Culture members]]
[[Category:Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic]]
[[Category:Members of the Reichstag of Nazi Germany]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Bauhaus University, Weimar]]
 
[[Category:19th-century German architects]]
 
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