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{{Short description|Indian theatre director}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
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| other_names =
| alma_mater = [[National School of Drama]]
| known_for = [[
| occupation =
| years_active = 1974–present
| employer =
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[[List of Sangeet Natak Akademi fellows|Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]] 2012}}
'''Ratan Thiyam''' (born 20 January 1948) is an [[Demographics of India|Indian]] playwright and theatre director, and the winner of [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] in 1987, one of leading figures of the "''theatre of roots''" movement in [[Indian theatre]], which started in the 1970s.<ref name=co>[[#Co|Cody, p. 1348]]</ref> Also known as Thiyam Nemai, Ratan Thiyam is known for writing and staging plays that use ancient [[Theatre in India|Indian theatre]] traditions and forms in a contemporary context.<ref>[http://manipuronline.com/Profiles/thiyam.htm Thiyam Nemai] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706071507/http://www.manipuronline.com/Profiles/thiyam.htm |date= 6 July 2007 }}</ref> A former painter, and proficient in direction, design, script and music, Thiyam is often considered one of leading contemporary theatre gurus.<ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950CE2DC1130F937A25753C1A9609C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all Theater in Review – 'Nine Hills One Valley'] by Jason Zinoman, [[New York Times]]'', 14 October 2006.</ref>
==Early life and education==
Ratan Thiyam graduated from [[National School of Drama]], New Delhi in 1974
==Career==
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He went on to set up a theatre group called Chorus Repertory Theatre<ref>[http://www.chorusimphal.com/c/a.php chorusimphal]</ref> in [[Imphal]], Manipur in 1976. He was also briefly the director of [[National School of Drama]] (NSD), New Delhi (1987–88).<ref name=co/>
His production of [[Ajneya]]'s ''Uttar Priyadarshi'' in [[Meitei language|Meitei]] was staged at the 1st [[Bharat Rang Mahotsav]] (BRM), the annual theatre festival of [[National School of Drama]] (NSD), Delhi in 1999
==The plays of Ratan Thiyam==
His works profess a deep concern for social welfare and spiritual yearnings in the midst of the political chaos in the modern world. His plays infuse rationalised and multifaceted analysis of myriad perspectives. Using ingenious theatrical stagecraft, his plays are tinged with literary beauty and meaning. Most of Ratan Thiyam's plays are thematically Indianised and are profound plays with universal appeal.
His works are strongly influenced by [[Natya Shastra of Bharata|Natya Sastra]], an Indian theatre style propounded by [[Bharata Muni|Bharata]] during the second century B.C., as also [[Theatre of ancient Greece|ancient Greek drama]], and the [[Noh]] theatre of Japan. His approach to theatre has been shaped by years of study under the tutelage of several major exponents of the traditional Meitei performing arts. Thiyam is also known for his use of traditional martial arts, of [[Thang-Ta]] in his plays, such as in ''[[Urubhangam]]'' (Broken Thigh), of Sanskrit playwright [[Bhāsa]] itself based on an episode from epic, the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', which along with ''Chakravyuh'' (Army Formation) is considered one of his finest works.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=maGU4ziPQJQC
His play ''[[Andha Yug]]'' (The Blind Age), known for creating an intense and intimate experience, around the epochal theme, was famously staged in an open-air performance, at Tonga, Japan, on 5 August 1994, a day before the forty-ninth anniversary of Atomic Holocaust in [[Hiroshima]].<ref>[[#Da|Dharwadker, p. 196]]</ref>
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In 2014, Thiyam opened a Manipuri adaptation of [[Macbeth]], translocated to a historical [[Meitei people|Meitei]] context, with names of characters unchanged. It was the opening act at the 2019 inaugural Bangladesh International Theatre Festival.<ref>{{cite news|author=Vikram Phukan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/desi-drama-subcontinental-style/article28221870.ece |title=Desi drama, subcontinental style |work=‘’The Hindu’’ |date=29 June 2019 |access-date=29 June 2019 |location=Mumbai, India}}</ref>
==List of
[[File:The Shrine at Chorus.jpg|thumb
* ''Karanabharam'' (1979) (''Karna-bhara'': Karna's burden by Sanskrit playwright [[Bhasa]])<ref name=Da>[[#Da|Dharwadker, p. 105]]</ref>
* ''Imphal Imphal'' (1982)
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* ''Uttar Priyadarshi'' (The Final Beatitude, by Hindi playwright [[Agyeya]]) (1996)<ref name=ba>[http://www.ballet.co.uk/magazines/yr_00/dec00/rr_rev_crt_1000.htm Review: Uttarpriyadarshi] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205221756/http://www.ballet.co.uk/magazines/yr_00/dec00/rr_rev_crt_1000.htm |date=5 February 2012 }} by Renee Renouf, ''ballet magazine'', December 2000,</ref>
* ''Chinglon Mapan Tampak Ama'' (Nine Hills One Valley)<ref>[http://www.asiasociety.org/arts/chorus/contextDissent.htm Asia society] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926225350/http://www.asiasociety.org/arts/chorus/contextDissent.htm |date=26 September 2007 }}</ref>
* ''Ritusamharam'' (''[[Ritusamhaara|Ritusamharam]]'' by Sanskrit playwright [[Kalidasa]])<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050204151236/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2005/01/30/stories/2005013000450500.htm "Real art attacks the wrong system" and director-playwright Ratan Thiyam's plays bear testimony to his words] ''[[The Hindu]]'', 30 January 2005</ref>
* ''[[Andha Yug]] ''(The Blind Age, by Hindi playwright [[Dharamvir Bharati]])<ref>[http://www.fordham.edu/campus_resources/public_affairs/inside_fordham/inside_fordham_archi/november_2004/news/renowned_playwright__18831.asp Ratan Thiyam at Fordham University] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609200656/http://www.fordham.edu/campus_resources/public_affairs/inside_fordham/inside_fordham_archi/november_2004/news/renowned_playwright__18831.asp |date= 9 June 2007 }}</ref>
* ''Wahoudok'' (Prologue)<ref>''Bharatrangmohotsav'' (theater Festival) 2008, [[National School of Drama]], New Delhi, India.</ref>
* ''Ashibagee Eshei'' (based on [[When We Dead Awaken]], by Norwegian playwright [[Henrik Ibsen]]) (2008)<ref>[http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=reviews.theatre.When_We_Dead_Awaken Delhi Ibsen Festival : When We Dead Awaken – Play]</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20130203175734/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090306/jsp/northeast/story_10626902.jsp Another play by Ratan Thiyam, another astonishing splash.] ''[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]'', 6 March 2009.</ref>
* [[Lairembigee Eshei]] ([[Song of the Nymphs]])
* ''The King of Dark Chamber'' (''Raja'', 2012), based on a play ''[[Raja (play)|Raja]]'' (1910) by [[Rabindranath Tagore]].<ref>{{cite web | title = The National School of Drama's Bharat Rang Mahotsav... Featuring 96 productions...| url =http://www.mumbaitheatreguide.com/dramas/Articles/12/jan/06-the-national-school-of-dramas-bharat-rang-mahotsav-featuring-96-productions.asp|publisher=MumbaiTheatreGuide.com |date=12 January 2012| access-date = 24 December 2013 }}</ref>
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==In popular culture==
''Some Roots Grow Upwards'' a 2003 documentary by Kavita Joshi and Malati Rao, was based on the life and work of Ratan Thiyam, especially his political ideologies, and his use of theatre as medium of political protest.<ref>[http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/files/13357/10675953141open_frame_report.rtf/open_frame_report.rtf Open Frame 2003– August 21–27 2003] [[India Habitat Centre]], New Delhi.</ref>
==References==
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[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:National School of Drama alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the National School of Drama
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Indian arts administrators]]
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