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Line 1: {{Short description\|American physicist}} {{Infobox scientist ~~\| box_width~~ \| name = August Herman Pfund \| image = Line 6: \| caption = \| birth_date = {{Birth date\|1879\|12\|28\|mf=y}} \| birth_place = [[Madison, ~~Wisconsin\|Madison]], [[~~Wisconsin]] \| death_date = {{death date and age\|1949\|1\|4\|1879\|12\|28\|mf=y}} \| death_place = \| residence = \| citizenship = \| nationality = ~~USA~~American \| ethnicity = \| field = {{hlist\|[[Physics]]~~<br>~~\|[[Spectroscopy]]~~<br>~~\|[[Calorimetry]]}} \| work_institution = [[Johns Hopkins University]] \| alma_mater = {{hlist\|[[Johns Hopkins University]]~~<br>~~\|[[University of Wisconsin–Madison]]}} \| doctoral_advisor = [[Robert W. Wood]] \| doctoral_students = \| known_for = {{hlist\|[[Pfund line]]~~<br>~~\|[[Pfund telescope]]~~<br>~~\|[[Pfund sky compass]]}} \| author_abbreviation_bot = \| author_abbreviation_zoo = \| prizes = {{ubl\|[[The Franklin Institute Awards\|Edward Longstreth Medal]] (1922)\|[[Frederic Ives Medal]] (1939)}} ~~[[The Frederic Ives Medal\|Frederic Ives Medal]] (1939)~~ ~~\| religion =~~ \| footnotes = }} '''August Herman Pfund''' ~~('Papa Pfund')<ref>[http://www.aip.org/history/ohilist/28103.html ''Niels Bohr Library and Archives'']</ref>~~(December 28, 1879 ~~–~~– January 4, 1949) was an American ~~born~~ [[physicist]], [[spectroscopist]], and inventor. ==Early life== Pfund was born in [[Madison, ~~Wisconsin\|Madison]], [[~~Wisconsin]] and attended Wisconsin public schools until his entry into the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]], where he earned a B.S. degree in physics and studied under [[Robert W. Wood]]. ==Career== Both Wood and Pfund left Wisconsin for [[Johns Hopkins University]] in 1903. From 1903 to 1905 Pfund was a Carnegie research assistant and continued to work under Wood. In 1906 Pfund earned his Ph.D. in physics and was a Johnston scholar from 1907 to 1909. He remained at Hopkins for the remainder of his career, eventually becoming a full professor and later chair of the physics department. From 1943 to 1944 Pfund served as the president of the [[Optical Society of America]]. Within the [[hydrogen spectral series]] Pfund discovered the fifth series, where an electron jumps up from or drops down to the fifth fundamental level. This Series is known as the "[[hydrogen spectral series#Series\|Pfund series]]~~, named for him~~". He also invented the [[Pfund telescope]], which is a method for achieving a fixed telescope focal point regardless of where the telescope line of sight is positioned, and the [[Pfund sky compass]],<ref>Moody, Lieutenant Commander Alton B., "[http://www.ion.org/publications/abstract.cfm?articleID=102101/ ~~Moody,~~The ~~Lieutenant~~Pfund ~~Commander~~Sky ~~Alton B.~~Compass]", ''~~"THE PFUND SKY COMPASS",'' NAVIGATION~~Navigation, Journal of The Institute of Navigation'', Vol. 2, No. 7, 1950].</ref> which arose from Pfund's studies of the polarization of scattered light from the sky in 1944, and which greatly helped [[Polar route\|transpolar flights]] by allowing the determination of the Sun's direction in twilight.<ref>John Howard, "[http://www.osa-opn.org/home/articles/volume_21/issue_6/departments/the_history_of_osa/presidents_of_the_late_1940s/#.UWMZz6sY0i4 Presidents of the Late 1940s]", ~~John Howard,~~ ''Optics and Photonics News'', June 2010~~, last accessed 2013-04-08~~.</ref> Pfund is also noted for his work into the area of infrared gas analysis. ==See also== [[Optical Society of America#OSA presidents\|Current and past presidents of the Optical Society of America]] [[Medieval sunstone]] == References == <references /> ==~~External~~Further ~~links~~reading== * Dr. John Andraos, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170808210417/http://www.chem.yorku.ca/NAMED/PDF-FILES/con2.pdf ''Named Concepts in Chemistry (L-Z)''], [[York University]], 2001▼ * [http://www.opticsinfobase.org/josa/journal/josa/20prez.cfm Articles Published by early OSA Presidents] Journal of the Optical Society of America▼ ~~==References and Biography==~~ ▲* Dr. John Andraos, [http://www.chem.yorku.ca/NAMED/PDF-FILES/con2.pdf ''Named Concepts in Chemistry (L-Z)''], [[York University]], 2001 * Pelletier, Paul A. (ed.), Prominent Scientists: An index to collective biographies, 2nd ed., Neal-Schuman Publishing, Inc.: New York, 1985 (citations only) * Cattell, J.M.; Cattell, J. American Men of Science, 6th ed., The Science Press: New York, 1938 * Journal of the Optical Society of America, 39:4 (April, 1949) 325. Obit. ==External links== ▲* [http://www.opticsinfobase.org/josa/journal/josa/20prez.cfm Articles Published by early OSA Presidents] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320010027/http://www.opticsinfobase.org/josa/journal/josa/20prez.cfm \|date=2015-03-20 }} Journal of the Optical Society of America {{Authority control}} Line 57 ⟶ 56: [[Category:1949 deaths]] [[Category:American physicists]] [[Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science alumni]] [[Category:Spectroscopists]]