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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
[[Image:Rwandan Soldiers airlifted to Darfur 17july2005.jpg|right|thumb|229px|AMIS soldiers from Rwanda preparing to depart to Darfur in 2005.]]
'''The African Union Mission in Sudan''' (AMIS) was an [[African Union]] (AU) peacekeeping force operating primarily in the country's western region of [[Darfur]]
==Overview (
{{Darfur conflict}}
AMIS originated in early July 2004, when both the African Union and [[European Union]] sent monitors to monitor the [[Darfur crisis]] cease-fire signed in April 2004. In August 2004, the African Union sent 150 [[Rwanda]]n troops
==International response (2004)==
{{
In September of that year, the [[United Nations Security Council]] passed Resolution 1564, which gave Sudan the ultimatum of accepting an expanded AU force or facing sanctions of their oil industry. The African Union had hoped to have 3,000 more additional troops in place in the region sometime in November, but could not do so because of a lack of money and difficulty with logistics.
==Attempted reconciliation (2005)==
On
To support the [[Comprehensive Peace Agreement]] signed by the government of Sudan and the [[Sudan People's Liberation Movement]] on January 9, 2005, to perform certain functions relating to humanitarian assistance, protection, promotion of human rights, and to support AMIS, the UN Security Council established the [[United Nations Mission In Sudan]] (UNMIS) under [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1590|Resolution 1590]] on March 24, 2005 because the Security Council deemed the [[situation in Darfur]] to be a "threat to peace and international [[security]]."<ref>
July 2005 saw that there had been no major conflicts since January, and the numbers of attacks on villages was dropping. At the time, there were about 3,000 AMIS troops to keep the peace, and more due to arrive in the coming months, eventually reaching 7,000 troops in April. In keeping with a decision made by the Peace and Security Council, Nigeria sent a battalion of 680 troops on Wednesday, July 13, 2005, with two more coming soon thereafter. Rwanda will send a battalion of troops, [[Senegal]], [[Gambia]], [[Kenya]] and [[South Africa]] will send troops as well. [[Canada]] is providing 105 armoured vehicles, training and maintenance assistance, and personal protective equipment in support of the efforts of the AMIS.
On September 15, a series of African Union mediated talks began in [[Abuja]], [[Nigeria]] between representatives of the Sudanese government and the two major rebel groups.
==Attacks on the African Union (2005)==
{{
Forces from the Sudanese rebel group, the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM),
Saleh was the military head of JEM when it signed a ceasefire agreement in April, but later split with the group's leadership. It is said that he
Violence in the region
"Both rebels and government must understand that, if these incidents continue, it will impede [[humanitarian assistance]] and delivery." This marked the first time the African Union has suffered casualties in the region. Three personnel were killed in attacks believed to be perpetrated by the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA).
Despite the violence, the SLA, JEM, and the AU have promised to continue the peace talks which are being held in [[Abuja]]. In November 2005 in response to attacks on African Union troops, the government of Sudan agreed to the deployment of 105 [[armoured personnel carriers]] from Canada which were to arrive on November 17, also another round, the seventh, of peace talks started on 21 November
<!--==Expansion of Conflict==
In December 2005 the [[Politics of Chad|government of Chad]] declared a 'state of belligerency' existed with Sudan. See [[Chad-Sudan conflict]] [needs relation to AMIS-->
==Failed UN handover and mandate extensions (
On 31 March 2006, the mandate of AMIS would have run out, with the African Union force already on the ground to be incorporated into a UN peacekeeping mission. Nevertheless, during a 10 March
In May 2007, the AU declared that AMIS was on the point of collapse. In the previous month seven peacekeepers had been killed, while lack of funding had caused soldiers' salaries to go unpaid for several months. Rwanda and Senegal warned that they would withdraw their forces if UN member nations did not live up to their commitments of funding and supplies.
<blockquote>The big money problem is that the Americans and the Europeans promised over the last decade that as long as the Africans deployed in these kinds of situations, we would pay for the soldiers and equip them. And we haven't done it.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/12/AR2007051201567.html?hpid=moreheadlines "African Union Force Low on Money, Supplies and Morale"], ''[[The Washington Post]]'',
On
AMIS was merged into UNAMID on 31 December 2007.<ref>
==30 September 2007 raid on AU base==
{{main|Haskanita raid}}
On 30 September 2007, a major raid on an AU base, mounted by approximately 1,000 [[Sudan Liberation Army]] rebels, claimed the lives of at least 10 peacekeepers and wounded many more. At least 50 personnel were initially unaccounted for
==Peacekeeper fatalities==
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* Three Nigerian soldiers were killed in an ambush near Kourabashi on October 8, 2005, two AU civilian contractors were also killed in the attack.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/09/AR2005100901096_pf.html Darfur Rebels Abduct African Union Team<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
* A Rwandan soldier was killed in a vehicle accident on
* One Nigerian soldier was killed when his patrol was attacked on the road between the AU camp and the town of Misteria on
* Two Rwandan soldiers were killed in an attack on a fuel convoy traveling from El Nahud to El Fasher in the Kutum area on
* A Rwandan soldier was killed in a vehicle accident on
* Two Nigerian soldiers were abducted in El Fasher on 10 December
* One Indian soldier was killed while escorting a de-mining team near Magwe on January 27, 2007.<ref>
* An unidentified soldier was killed in an ambush in the Kassab refugee camp on 1 February
* A Rwandan soldier died of malaria on
* Two Nigerian soldiers were killed in an ambush in Graida on 6 March
* Five Senegalese soldiers were killed while guarding a watering point near Chad.<ref>
* One Rwandan soldier was killed in an ambush in Sortoni on
* One Ghanaian soldier was killed in an ambush in Nyala on
* An Egyptian soldier was killed after robbers broke into a house near al-Fasher May 26, 2007.<ref>
* Seven Nigerians, one Malian, one Senegalese and one Botswana soldier were killed when [[Haskanita raids|their base was overrun by 1,000 rebels in Haskanita]] on
==References==
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==Evaluation and lessons learned==
Guicherd, Catherine. The AU in Sudan: Lessons for the African Standby Force, New York, International Peace Academy, 2007
{{African Union}}
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