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Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.3) (Eastmain - 13393 |
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{{Short description|Subspecies of mammal}}
{{subspeciesbox
| name = Sonoran pronghorn
| status = LE
| status_system = ESA
| status_ref =
| status2 = T1
| status2_system= TNC
| status2_ref =<ref>{{cite web |title=NatureServe Explorer 2.0 |url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.104902/Antilocapra_americana_sonoriensis |website=explorer.natureserve.org |access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref>
| genus = Antilocapra
| species = americana
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[[File:CPNWR-Sonoran pronghorn.JPG|thumb|Sign along the [[El Camino Del Diablo]] at the eastern entrance to [[Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge]], providing information about the animal]]
The '''Sonoran pronghorn''' ('''''Antilocapra americana sonoriensis''''') is an [[Endangered species|endangered]] subspecies of [[pronghorn]] that is [[endemism|endemic]] to the [[Sonoran Desert]].<ref name=iucn/>
==Conservation==
Around 200 animals currently are believed to exist in [[Arizona]] in the [[United States]], up from an estimated 21 individuals in 2002.<ref name=boston2007/> The number of individuals in [[Mexico]] is estimated to be even lower. It is considered [[extirpated]] from [[California]].
In 2012, announcements of two reintroductions were published in the ''[[Federal Register]]''. One of the reintroductions was to take place at the [[Barry M. Goldwater Air Force Range]] (BMGR) in Yuma, Arizona, and the second was to be at [[Kofa National Wildlife Refuge]].<ref name=kofa/>
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===Mortality===
Living in open areas, [[pronghorn]]s in general must rely on their eyesight to avoid predators, and with population numbers so low, the Sonoran pronghorn must avoid mortality at all costs. Sources of mortality come from predators, drought, and lack of feed; these sources usually affect fawns most often, and adult mortality also occurs in drought situations. Controlling this situation is very difficult because drought is at the hand of the weather
===Habitat===
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<ref name=CPNWRFS>{{cite web|author=Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge|title=Fawning Season|publisher=United States Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Department of the Interior|location=Ajo, Arizona|year=2013|url=http://www.fws.gov/refuge/Cabeza_Prieta/wildlife/fawning.html|access-date=2014-12-28}}</ref>
<ref name=Ingley2005>{{cite news|last=Ingley|first=K|title=Ghost highways
<ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn|author=Antelope Specialist Group|year=1996|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/1680/0|title=''Antilocapra americana ''ssp.'' sonoriensis''|access-date=2007-06-20}}</ref>
<ref name=kofa>{{cite press release|last=Bedinger|first=Chris|date=January 5, 2011|url=http://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/arizona/Documents/SpeciesDocs/SonoranPronghorn/Kofa_Pronghorn_Release_fNR.pdf|title=Sonoran Pronghorn Return to King Valley|publisher=Arizona Game and Fish Department, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service|access-date=May 1, 2013|archive-date=September 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924115724/http://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/arizona/Documents/SpeciesDocs/SonoranPronghorn/Kofa_Pronghorn_Release_fNR.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name=Krausman>{{cite journal|last1=Krausman|first1=Paul R.|last2=Harris|first2=Lisa K.|last3=Wilson|first3=Ryan R.|last4=Cain|first4=James W.|last5=Koenen|first5=Kiana K. G.|year=2007|title=Bombing and Sonoran Pronghorn: A Clear and Present Danger?|journal=The Journal of Wildlife Management|publisher=Wiley on behalf of the Wildlife Society|volume=71|number=8|pages=2820–2823|doi=10.2193/2007-212|jstor=4496407|s2cid=84758067}}</ref>
<ref name=Slivka2003>{{cite news|last=Slivka|first=J|title=Border Crime Ravaging Parks In Arizona In 'Smugglers Crescent,' Public Is Losing Out As Rangers Are Forced To Act As Border Police|newspaper=[[The Arizona Republic]]|location=Phoenix, Arizona|date=2003-10-30|quote="Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, southeast of Yuma, has more crimes per visitor than any other piece of public land in the West."|url=http://www.rense.com/general43/paarks.htm|access-date=2014-12-28}}</ref>
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141216131011/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/border-patrol/tim-cahill.html Border Patrol: Along the Devil's Highway]
* [http://www.americansouthwest.net/arizona/cabeza-prieta/national-wildlife-refuge.html Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge]
* [http://www.defenders.org/sites/default/files/publications/cabeza_prieta.pdf Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge
* [http://rewilding.org/rewildit/images/Cabeza-Prieta-Vehicle-Trails_2011July.pdf Vehicle Trails Associated with Illegal Border Activities on Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge – July 2011]
* [https://www.nationalparkstraveler.org/2020/01/protecting-sonoran-pronghorn-extinction Protecting the Sonoran pronghorn from extinction, National Parks Traveler – January 2020]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2165837}}
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[[Category:Endangered fauna of the United States]]
[[Category:Fauna of Mexico]]
[[Category:
[[Category:ESA endangered species]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Edward Alphonso Goldman]]
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