Burgess Falls State Park: Difference between revisions

▲[[Image:Burgess-middle-falls-tennessee1.jpg|left|210px|thumb|Middle Falls along the Falling Water River]]

▲The Falling Water River rises near the base of the Cumberland Plateau in eastern Putnam County and winds its way across the [[Highland Rim]] to its mouth along the [[Center Hill Lake]] impoundment of the [[Caney Fork]], which is located in an area where the Highland Rim drops off into the [[Nashville Basin|Central Basin]]. The Burgess Falls State Natural Area comprises the section of the river just above its mouth, where the river drops from roughly {{convert|900|ft|m}} atop the Highland Rim to just over {{convert|600|ft|m}} at Center Hill Lake. ([http://www.topozone.com/map.asp?lat=36.04548&lon=-85.5997&datum=nad83&u=4&layer=DRG&size=m&s=50 Click for map])

▲Over time, the Falling Water River's rapids have cut a deep gorge just above its mouth. The river drops to the Central Basin in a series of cascades and waterfalls, each gaining in size and intensity as the river approaches Center Hill Lake. At the Falling Water Cascades, located just downstream from the old Burgess Falls Dam, the river gradually spills over a {{convert|10|ft|m|sing=on}} embankment of rocks. Almost immediately downstream from the Cascades, the river drops another {{convert|30|ft|m}} at Little Falls. Beyond Little Falls, where the river briefly bends to the north, is an {{convert|80|ft|m|sing=on}} cascade known as Middle Falls. Downstream from Middle Falls, where the river bends westward again, is the {{convert|136|ft|m|sing=on}} [[Burgess Falls]]. The distance between Falling Water Cascades and Burgess Falls is less than a mile. Burgess Falls spills into a large limestone gorge enclosed by sheer 100-200 foot walls. The Falling Water River enters Center Hill Lake roughly a mile downstream from Burgess Falls.

▲Burgess Falls is named after Tom Burgess, a [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]] veteran who settled along this section of the Falling Water River in the 1790s. The Burgess family used the river's rapids to power a [[gristmill|grist mill]] and eventually a saw mill which supplied early settlers with corn meal and lumber.<ref>Robert Brandt, ''Touring the Middle Tennessee Backroads'' (Winston-Salem, N.C.: John F. Blair, 1995), 368-370.</ref>

▲In 1924, the City of [[Cookeville, Tennessee|Cookeville]] built an earthen dam along the river a mile or so upstream from Burgess Falls. After a flood destroyed the dam in 1928, the city replaced it with a concrete dam that provided the area with electricity until the arrival of the [[Tennessee Valley Authority]] in 1944. Due in large part to calls from Cookevillians to protect the area, Burgess Falls State Park was established in 1971.<ref>''Ibid.''</ref> Part of a pipeline bridge still spans the river in the vicinity of Little Falls. The pipeline originally crossed the river into a tunnel on the north walls of the gorge and emerged to cross the river again near Middle Falls en route to a powerhouse.

▲A {{convert|1.5|mi|km|sing=on}} loop trail follows the bluffs along the south bank of the gorge, starting at Falling Water Cascades and ending at a platform overlooking [[Burgess Falls]]. Little Falls and Middle Falls are also visible from the trail. A stairway leads down to the overhang of Burgess Falls and continues down into the gorge. A second loop trail follows the ridgeline southwest of Burgess Falls.