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{{shortShort description|Part of Budapest, Hungary}}
{{expandExpand Hungarian|Pest (történelmi település)|date=August 2012}}
 
[[File:Budapest Chain Bridge.jpg|thumb|250px|Buda and Pest connected by [[Széchenyi Chain Bridge]].]]
[[File:Budapeszt-panorama srodmiescie.jpg|thumb|250px|View of the riverfront of Pest.]]
'''Pest''' ({{IPA-hu|ˈpɛʃt}}) is the eastern, mostly flat part of [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]], comprising about two -thirds of the city's territory. It is separated from [[Buda]] and [[Óbuda]], the western parts of Budapest, by the [[Danube River]]. Among its most notable sights are the [[Inner City (Budapest)|Inner City]], the [[Hungarian Parliament Building]], [[Heroes' Square (Budapest)|Heroes' Square]] and [[Andrássy Avenue]].

In colloquial [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], "Pest" is often used for the whole [[Capital (political)|capital]] of Budapest. The three parts of [[Budapest]] (Pest, [[Buda]], [[Óbuda]]) united in 1873.
 
==Etymology==
According to [[Ptolemy]] the settlement was called ''Pession'' in ancient times ([[Contra-Aquincum]]).{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed for the whole sentence|date=April 2019}} Alternatively, the name ''Pest'' may have come from a Slavic word meaning "furnace", "oven" (Bulgarian {{lang|bg|пещ}} {{IPA|['pɛʃtˈpɛʃt]}}; Serbian {{lang|sr-Cyrl|пећ}}/''peć''; Croatian "''peć"''), related to the word {{lang|bg|пещера}} (meaning "cave"), probably with reference to a local cave where fire burned.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M1JIPAN-eJ4C | title=Placenames of the World | author=Adrian Room | publisher=[[McFarland & Company]] | year=2006 | page=70 | ISBNisbn=0-7864-2248-3}}</ref> The spelling ''Pesth'' was occasionally used in English, even as late as the early 20th century,<ref>[http{{Cite web|url=https://www.1902encyclopedia.com/P/PES/pesth.html |title=Pesth] (part of modern-day Budapest), Hungary|website=www.1902encyclopedia.com}}</ref> although it is now considered archaic.
 
==History==
[[File:Flag of Pest (pre-1873).svg|left|thumb|Flag of Pest before 1873.<ref name="symbols">{{cite book|last=|first=|editor-first=András|editor-last=Nyerges|title=Pest-Buda, Budapest szimbólumai|trans-title=Budapest arms & colours: throughout the centuries|year=1998|publisher=Budapest Főváros Levéltára|location=Budapest|page=2}}</ref>]]
[[File:Pest város címere 1703.JPG|right|thumb|150px|Historical coat of arms of Pest, used between 1703- and 1873.<ref name="symbols" />]]
[[File:Pesth - Peeters Jacob - 1686.jpg|thumb|Buda and Pest view from 1686]]
Pest was a separate independent [[city]], references to which appear in writings dating back to 1148. In earlier centuries there were ancient [[Celt]]ic and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] settlements there. Pest became an important economic center during 11th–13th centuries. It was destroyed in the 1241 [[First Mongol invasion of Hungary|Mongol invasion of Hungary]] but rebuilt once again soon thereafter. In 1838 it was flooded by the [[Danube]]; parts of the city were under as much as eight feet of water, and the flood destroyed or seriously damaged three-fourths of the city’s buildings.<ref name="The Once and Future Budapest">{{cite book|last1=Nemes|first1=Robert|title=The Once and Future Budapest|date=2005|publisher=Northern Illinois University Press|location=DeKalb, Ill.|isbn=0-87580-337-7|page=107}}</ref> In 1849 the first suspension bridge, the [[Széchenyi Chain Bridge]], was constructed across the Danube connecting Pest with [[Buda]]. Subsequently, in 1873, the two cities were unified with [[Óbuda]] to become [[Budapest]].▼
Pest was originally founded as a [[Celt]]ic settlement, then a fortified camp established by the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] (Contra-Aquincum) across the river from their military border camp at [[Aquincum]]. Remains of the original Roman camp can still be seen at Március 15. tér.
 
During the Middle Ages, Pest was an independent [[city]] separate from Buda/Ofen, which became an important economic center during the 11th–13th centuries. The first written mention dates back to 1148.
{{climate chart|Pest
|-7|-1|40
|-6|0|28
|-2|5|29
|4|11|26
|10|18|62
|15|24|73
|18|26|73
|17|25|89
|13|21|67
|7|14|52
|2|7|60
|-4|2|51
|float=right
|clear=both
}}
 
Pest was destroyed in 1241 [[First Mongol invasion of Hungary|Mongol invasion of Hungary]], but was rebuilt shortly thereafter.
==Notable people==▼
{{main|List of people from Budapest}}▼
 
Demographically, in the 15th century Pest was mostly Hungarian, while Buda across the Danube had a German-majority population.<ref name=Pallas>{{cite web |url= http://www.mek.iif.hu/porta/szint/egyeb/lexikon/pallas/html/016/pc001672.html#9 |title= Budapest |work= A Pallas Nagy Lexikona |language= hu |access-date= 2009-11-03}}</ref>
Writer, statesman and magician [[László Teleki]], [[Theodor Herzl]], and [[Harry Houdini]] are from Pest.
{{anchor|1838 Great Flood of Pest}}
[[File:Pest térképe 1758.jpg|thumb|A map of Pest in 1758, published in 1830. Outside the city wall ran a country road, mirrored by today's [[Small Boulevard (Budapest)|Kiskörút]] completed in 1880, which forms a circular arc between [[Deák Ferenc tér]] and [[Fővám tér metro station|Fővám tér]].]]
▲Pest was a separate independent [[city]], references to which appear in writings dating back to 1148. In earlier centuries there were ancient [[Celt]]ic and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] settlements there.1838 Pest became an important economic center during 11th–13th centuries. It was destroyed in the 1241 [[First Mongol invasion of Hungary|Mongol invasion of Hungary]] but rebuilt once again soon thereafter. In 1838 it was flooded by the [[Danube]]; parts of the city were under as much as eight feet of water, and the flood destroyed or seriously damaged three-fourths of the city’scity's buildings.<ref name="The Once and Future Budapest">{{cite book|last1=Nemes|first1=Robert|title=The Once and Future Budapest |date=2005|publisher=Northern Illinois University Press|location=DeKalb, Ill.|isbn=0-87580-337-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/oncefuturebudape0000neme/page/107 107]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/oncefuturebudape0000neme/page/107}}</ref> In 1849 the first suspension bridge, the [[Széchenyi Chain Bridge]], was constructed across the Danube connecting Pest with [[Buda]]. Subsequently, in 1873, the two cities were unified with [[Óbuda]] to become [[Budapest]].
 
▲==Notable people==
▲{{mainMain|List of people from Budapest}}
*[[László Teleki]] (1811–1861), writer, statesman and magician
*[[Henrik Weber]] (1818–1866), painter
*[[Theodor Herzl]] (1860–1904), founder of the political Zionist movement
*[[Harry Houdini]] (1874–1926), illusionist and escape acts performer
 
==See also==
Line 47 ⟶ 44:
 
==References==
{{reflistReflist}}
 
==Further reading==
Line 53 ⟶ 50:
 
==External links==
{{commonsCommons category|Pest (Hungary)}}▼
{{Wikivoyage|Budapest/Pest|Pest}}
 
{{coordCoord|47|30|N|19|6|E|region:HU-BU_type:city_source:dewiki|display=title}}
 
▲{{commons category|Pest (Hungary)}}
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Category:Pest, Hungary|* ]]
[[Category:Geography of Budapest]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pest,_Hungary"