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Line 1: {{Short description\|Background music system and tape format}} The '''Cantata 700''' is a commercial [[background music]] system and corresponding cartridge format developed by [[3M]] that was in common use from 1965 until the 1990s.<ref name="techmoan20160511" /> {{Infobox storage medium \| name = Cantata 700 \| image = 3M Cantata 700.jpg \| type = [[Magnetic tape cassette]] \| encoding = [[Analog signal]], in four mono tracks @ {{cvt\|1+7/8\|in}} IPS \| capacity = 26 hours \| read = [[Tape head]] \| write = Prerecorded only \| owner = [[3M]] \| released = 1965 \| discontinued = 1988 \| use = Audio storage for background music }} == Cartridge == The nearly square -shaped cartridges are among the largest ~~ever~~ built. More than 24 hours of playback fits on a ~~single~~ cartridge. The music distributed by 3M consisted ~~exclusively~~ of mono recordings bysome of which are attributed to the company's ~~own~~ "3M Orchestra", with later editions featuring a themed blend of library music tracks and mostly instrumental cover versions of standard songs, and classical pieces arranged in a light or bright tempo. Cartridges such as the Italian and Polynesian editions include some vocal content. The tape is ~~¼ inch~~{{cvt\|1/4\|in}} wide and is played at ~~1⅞ inches~~{{cvt\|1+7/8\|in}} per second.<ref name="bb19651023" /> The cartridge consists of a [[reel-to-reel]] mechanism intended for playback only. Internally, the cartridge contains two ~~8⅜ inch~~{{cvt\|8+3/8\|in}} [[magnetic tape\|tape]] reels, tape guides, rollers, and a reel brake. The reels are stacked on top of each other ~~horizontally~~vertically and counter rotate during operation. After passing over the tape head, the tape loops over a roller in the cartridge to change its direction back to the takeup reel.<ref name="techmoan20160511" /> There were three main designs of cartridges manufactured, with a fourth minor modification. The earlier tapes (1965-mid 70s) use metal reels and the later tapes use plastic reels (mid 70s-1988). Muzak acquired the remaining unsold stock in 1986. Tapes manufactured before 1986 use scotch recording tape inside. Tapes sold by Muzak use a different formulation of tape more similar to type 1 cassette tape. Muzak tapes use 3M shells with Muzak labels over the top of the 3M labeling. The last tapes were sold in 1988. All information on the Cantata 700 was divested by 3M in 1988. <ref>{{cite web\|url= https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=kcnCj0maFYY \|title=3M Cantata Cartridge Variants\|website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> == Machines == All offered machines are playback only. The first models ''94BG'' and ''94BZ'', were offered in 1965 and bundled with two cartridges of the customer's choice for [[US$]]429.00; ~~[[United States dollar~~{{inflation\|~~USD]]~~US\|429\|1965\|fmt=eq}}.<ref name="bb19651023">[https://books.google.decom/books?id=KCkEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA46 Billboard] 23 October 1965, p.46</ref> ~~(with inflation in today's value: <span>${{Inflation\|US\|429.00\|1965}}</span> USD).~~ Each machine is equipped with a jack for 8~~ ~~ [[Ohm\|Ω]] speakers (at a maximum of 6~~ ~~ [[Watt\|W]]~~)<ref name="bb19651023" />~~ and a microphone jack for [[public address]] announcements.<ref name="bb19651023" /><ref name="techmoan20160511" /> The machines played continuously using an auto-reverse mechanism. As the tape reaches one end, the reverse mechanism activates and changes the drive direction. The [[tape head]] moves to the other side and the mechanism shifts [[pinch roller]]s. The design does not require the head to turn over; instead, the entire head changes position to play the tape at the other side of the tape path.<ref name="techmoan20160511">Techmoan: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WQbJ0VFrFQ Retro Tech: This 1960s BGM Machine played the Biggest Cassettes ever made], uploaded to YouTube on 11 May 2016</ref> In 1970, 3M introduced the Cantata 700 Mark II, available only by [[lease]].<ref name="PopSci">{{cite journal\|title=What's New: A Picture Roundup of New Products and Developments\|journal=Popular Science\|date=January 1970\|page=109\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OwEAAAAAMBAJ~~&lpg=PA109&ots=9LdTqJzf0O&d~~&pg=PA109~~#v=onepage&q&f=false~~\|accessdate=6 April 2017\|publisher=Bonnier Corporation\|language=en}}</ref> == Variety of Cartridges == * Easy Listening IRL-SO8 * Variety Library V-168 * Rhythmic Library R-165 * Melodic Library 165 * Rhythmic Library Series II 266 * International Rhythmic Uptempo IR-169 * Polynesian Library P-166 * Fiesta Library F-807 * Rhapsody RH-185 * Rhapsody RH-295 * Bright & Lively BL-707 * Elegance EL-236 * Modified Rock Library 170 * Christmas Choral Library VX-167 * Christmas Rhythmic Library RX-266 * Christmas Melodic Library 165 * Contempo Library C-300 * Cavalcade CA-264 * Nashville NA-288 * Americana AM-76 * Smooth Reflections SR-419 * Uptempo U-825 * American Country A-169 * Zodiac Z-025 * Smooth & Easy SE-526 * Latin American Rhythmic Library LL-166 * Italian Library SI-200 * International Melodic IM-470 * French FG-622 * Big Band BB-630 ==References== Line 25 ⟶ 68: * [[iarchive:3MCantataMusic\|Music of the 3M Cantata 700 in Archive]] {{Audio format}} [[Category:Easy listening music]]▼ [[Category:Industrial music services]] [[Category:3M]] [[Category:Tape recording]] [[Category:Audio storage]] [[Category:Audiovisual introductions in 1965]] [[Category:Discontinued media formats]] ▲[[Category:~~Easy~~1965 ~~listening~~in music]]