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{{Short description|Upper rocket stage}}
{{Infobox rocket stage
<!-- Image -->
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<!-- Basic information -->
|name = Astris
|manufacturer = [[Entwicklungsring Nord|ERNO Raumfahrttechnik GmbH]]<ref name=dm-rocketengines />
|country = [[Germany]]
|rockets = [[Europa (rocket)|Europa 1]] third stage.
<!-- General characteristics -->
|height = {{convert|3.36|m|in|abbr=on}}<ref name=ea-astrisstage />
|diameter = {{convert|2.00|m|in|abbr=on}}<ref name=ea-astrisstage />
|mass = {{convert|3370|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name=ea-astrisstage />
|propmass = {{convert|2760|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name=ea-astrisstage />
|empty = {{convert|610|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name=ea-astrisstage />
<!-- Associated Stages -->
|family = <!--if a member of a family of stages-->
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|comparable = <!--if any similar, unrelated stage-->
<!-- Launch history -->
|status = Retired
|launches = 4
|success = 0
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|stagedata = {{Infobox rocket/stage|type=none
|name = Engine details
|engines = 1 [[Astris (rocket engine)]]<ref name=ea-astrisengine />
|thrust = {{convert|23.3|kN|lbf}}
|SI = {{convert|310|isp|abbr=on}}
|burntime = 330s<ref name=ea-europalv />
|fuel = [[Aerozine 50]] / [[Nitrogen tetroxide|N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>]]
}}
}}
The '''Astris''' was an [[upper stage]] developed by [[Entwicklungsring Nord|ERNO Raumfahrttechnik GmbH]] and [[Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm|MBB]] as the third stage of the [[Europa (rocket)|Europa 1]] launch vehicle.<ref name=dm-rocketengines>{{cite web |url=http://www.deutsches-museum.de/en/exhibitions/transport/astronautics/rocket-engines/ |title=Propulsion Systems and Launch Vehicles |publisher=Deutsches Museum |accessdate=2015-07-25}}</ref><ref name="ea-astrisengine">{{Cite web |title=Astris engine |url=http://www.astronautix.com/a/astrisengine.html |access-date=2023-10-10 |website=www.astronautix.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europa |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/europa.htm |access-date=2023-10-10 |website=Gunter's Space Page |language=en}}</ref> It was the [[Germany|German]] contribution to the project and only flew activated four times. Regrettably, theThe high failure rate of the three and four stage rocket meant that the project was cancelled.<ref name="ea-astrisstage">{{Cite web |title=Astris |url=http://www.astronautix.com/a/astris.html |access-date=2023-10-10 |website=www.astronautix.com}}</ref><ref name=jjs-europa>{{cite web |url=http://www.sat-net.com/serra/europa_e.htm |title=Europa launchers |last=Serra |first= Jean-Jacques |accessdate=2015-07-25}}</ref>
 
On November 29, 1968, its inaugural flight, the Astris third stage exploded.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Europa-1 |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/europa-1.htm |access-date=2023-10-10 |website=Gunter's Space Page |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ea-europalv" /> On the second attempt on July 1969, the Astris engine failed to start.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="ea-europalv" /> On the third attempt on June 11, 1970, the stage performed correctly, but the fairing failed to separate.<ref name="ea-europalv /">{{Cite On November 5, 1971, theweb [[Europa (rocket)|title=Europa II]]I launched from [[Guiana Space Centre|CSG]]url=http://www.astronautix.com/e/europai.html [[ELA|access-1]], haddate=2023-10-10 a mishap due to structural failure of the third stage|website=www. After this last failure the project was definitely cancelledastronautix.com}}</ref><ref name=ea-europaiilv":0" />
 
On November 5, 1971, the [[Europa (rocket)|Europa II]] launched from [[Guiana Space Centre|CSG]] [[ELA-1]], had a mishap due to structural failure of the third stage.<ref name="ea-europaiilv" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europa-2 |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/europa-2.htm |access-date=2023-10-10 |website=Gunter's Space Page |language=en}}</ref> After this last failure the project was definitely cancelled.<ref name="ea-europaiilv">{{Cite web |title=Europa II |url=http://www.astronautix.com/e/europaii.html |access-date=2023-10-10 |website=www.astronautix.com}}</ref>
 
== Details ==
The stage measured 3.36 m with a diameter of 2 m, and had an empty mass of 610 kg.<ref name="ea-astrisstage" /> Propellant ([[Dinitrogen tetroxide|N2O4]]/[[Aerozine 50|Aerozine-50]]) mass was 2760 kg, and the single ''[[Astris (rocket engine)|Astris]]'' engine produced 23.3 kN of thrust.<ref name="ea-astrisstage" />
 
==See also==
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* [[Europa (rocket)]]
* [[Viking (rocket engine)]]
 
{{commonscat|Europa upper stage}}
 
==References==
{{reflist|30em|refs=}}
<ref name=dm-rocketengines>{{cite web |url=http://www.deutsches-museum.de/en/exhibitions/transport/astronautics/rocket-engines/ |title=Propulsion Systems and Launch Vehicles |publisher=Deutsches Museum |accessdate=2015-07-25}}</ref>
<ref name=ea-astrisengine>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/engines/astris.htm |title=Astris (Engine) |publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica |accessdate=2015-07-25}}</ref>
<ref name=ea-astrisstage>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/stages/astris.htm |title=Astris (Stage) |publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica |accessdate=2015-07-25}}</ref>
<ref name=ea-europalv>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/europa.htm |title=Europa (launch vehicle) |publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica |accessdate=2015-07-25}}</ref>
<ref name=ea-europaiilv>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/europaii.htm |title=Europa II(launch vehicle) |publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica |accessdate=2015-07-25}}</ref>
<ref name=jjs-europa>{{cite web |url=http://www.sat-net.com/serra/europa_e.htm |title=Europa launchers |last=Serra |first= Jean-Jacques |accessdate=2015-07-25}}</ref>
}}
 
{{Upper stages}}
{{Ariane}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Astris (rocket engine)}}
[[Category:Rocket stages]]
 
[[Category:Rocket engines using hypergolic propellant]]
 
{{rocket-stub}}
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