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{{Short description|French politician (1745–1837)}}
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{{infobox person/Wikidata | fetchwikidata=ALL | onlysourced=yes}}
'''François Barbé-Marbois''', [[Marquess|marquis]] de '''Barbé-Marbois''' (31 January 1745 – 12 February 1837) was a French politician.
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Born in [[Metz]], where his father was director of the local mint, Barbé-Marbois tutored the children of the [[Charles Eugène Gabriel de La Croix, marquis de Castries|Marquis de Castries]]. In 1779 he was made secretary of the French legation to the United States. In 1780, Barbé-Marbois sent a questionnaire to the governors of all thirteen former American colonies, seeking information about each state's geography, natural resources, history, and government. [[Thomas Jefferson]], who was then finishing his final term as Virginia's governor, responded to this query with a manuscript that later became his famous ''[[Notes on the State of Virginia]]''.<ref>R.E. Bernstein, ''Thomas Jefferson'', p. 50.</ref>
Barbé-Marbois was elected a Foreign Honorary Member to both the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]<ref name=AAAS>{{cite web|title=Book of Members,
In 1785 he became [[intendant]] of the [[French colonial empires|colony]] of [[Saint-Domingue]] under the ''[[Ancien Régime]]''.
==In the Revolution==
At the close of 1789, he returned to France, and then placed his services at the disposal of the [[French Revolution]]ary government. In 1791 he was sent to [[Regensburg]] to help the [[Emmanuel Marie Louis, marquis de Noailles|Marquis de Noailles]], the French [[Ambassador (diplomacy)|ambassador]]. Suspected of [[treason]], he was arrested on his return but soon freed.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=385–386}}
In 1795 he was elected to the [[Council of the Ancients]], where the general [[Moderate|moderation]] of his attitude, especially in his opposition to the [[French nobility|exclusion of nobles]] and the relations of ''[[émigré]]s'' from public life, brought him under suspicion of being a royalist, though he pronounced a
[[Image:Louisiana Purchase 150th anniversary 3c 1953 issue.jpg|thumb|300px|U.S. postage stamp (c. 1953) commemorating the [[Louisiana Purchase]]; Barbé-Marbois is pictured alongside [[James Monroe]] and [[Robert Livingston (1746-1813)|Robert Livingston]]]]
In 1803 he negotiated the [[Louisiana Purchase]] treaty by which [[Louisiana]] was ceded to the United States, and was rewarded by the [[First Consul]] with a gift of 152,000 [[French franc|francs]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=386}}
==Empire, Restoration, and July Monarchy==
Loyal to the [[First French Empire|First Empire]], he was made grand officer of the [[Legion of Honour]] and a [[count]] in 1805, and in 1808 he became president of the ''[[Cour des Comptes]]''. His career as Head of the Treasury ended in 1806. In return for these favours, he heaped praise upon Napoleon; yet, in 1814, he helped to draw up the act of abdication of the emperor, and declared to the ''Cour des Comptes'', with reference to the invasion of France by the [[Sixth Coalition]]:
:"...
In June of that year, under the [[First Restoration]], Barbé-Marbois was made [[Peerage of France|Peer of France]] by [[King of France|King]] [[Louis XVIII of France|Louis XVIII]], and confirmed in his office as president of the ''Cour des Comptes''. Deprived of his positions by Napoleon during the [[Hundred Days]], he was appointed [[List of Justice Ministers of France|Minister of Justice]] under the [[Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duc de Richelieu]] (August 1815), tried unsuccessfully to gain the confidence of the [[Ultra-Royalist]]s, and withdrew at the end of nine months (10 May 1816).{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=386}}
In 1830, when the [[July Revolution]] brought [[Louis-Philippe of France|Louis Philippe]] and the [[July Monarchy|Orléans Monarchy]], Barbé-Marbois went, as president of the ''Cour des Comptes'', to compliment the new king, and was confirmed in his position. He held his office until April 1834.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=386}}
==Works==
In 1829 he wrote the book ''Histoire de la Louisiane et la cession de cette colonie par la France aux Etats-Unis de l'Amérique septentrionale
He published various texts, including:
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*''De la Guyane'', etc. ("On [French] Guiana", 1822)
*''Journal d'un deporté non-jugé'' ("Diary of a Non-Tried Deportee", 2 vols., 1834)
Written in 1780, while secretary to the French
==See also==
* [[Respublica v. De Longchamps]] - the "Marbois Affair"
==Notes==
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==References==
*{{
*{{cite Appletons'|wstitle = Marbois, Francois de Barbe }}
==Works cited==
* Tugdual de Langlais, ''L'armateur préféré de Beaumarchais, Jean Peltier Dudoyer, de Nantes à l'Isle de France'', Éd. Coiffard, 2015, 340 p. ({{ISBN|9782919339280}})
* Tugdual de Langlais, ''Marie-Etienne Peltier, Capitaine corsaire de la République'', Éd. Coiffard, 2017, 240 p. ({{ISBN|9782919339471}}).
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=François Barbé-Marbois |sopt=w}}
*https://web.archive.org/web/20040813061110/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/diplomacy/france/louis2.htm
*[https://archive.today/20121211134812/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-reldem?id=WasFi29.xml&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public&part=352&division=div1 Letter from George Washington]
*{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060323093743/http://wyllie.lib.virginia.edu:8086/perl/toccer-new?id=DelVol21.xml&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public&part=142&division=div1 |date=23 March 2006 |title=Letter from Thomas Jefferson }}
*https://web.archive.org/web/20040816205311/http://www.antebellumcovers.com/catalog104.htm
*[http://nutrias.org/~nopl/exhibits/purchase/page50.htm Exhibits]
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[[Category:1745 births]]
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