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{{Short description|7000–5000 BC Chinese archaeological culture}}
{{Infobox archaeological culture
|name = Peiligang culture
|map = Peiligang_map.svg
|mapalt =
|altnames =
|horizon =
|region = [[Henan]], [[China]]
|period = [[Neolithic China]]
|dates = 7000–5000 BC
|typesite = Peiligang
|majorsites = [[Tanghu]], [[Jiahu]]
|extra =
|precededby = [[Nanzhuangtou|Nanzhuangtou Culture]]
|followedby = [[Yangshao culture]]
| module = {{Chinese
|child = yes
|c = 裴李崗文化
|t = 裴李崗文化
|p = Péilǐgāng Wénhuà
}}
}}
[[File:PeiligangCulture-RedPotWithTwoEars-ShanghaiMuseum-May27-08.jpg|thumb|Red pot with two small "ear" handles, from the Peiligang culture, c. 6000–5200 BC]]
The '''Peiligang culture''' was a [[Neolithic]] culture in the [[Luo River (Henan)|Yi-Luo river basin]] (in modern [[Henan|Henan Province]], China) that existed from about 7000 to 5000 BC.<ref name="LL">{{cite book |last1=Liu |first1=Li |title=The Chinese Neolithic: Trajectories to Early States |date=2005 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781139441704 |page=25 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lhT0Z4L4g-kC&pg=PA25 |language=en}}</ref> Over 100 sites have been identified with the Peiligang culture, nearly all of them in a fairly compact area of about 100 square kilometers in the area just south of the river and along its banks.
==Peiligang culture==
The culture is named after the site discovered in 1977 at Peiligang, a village in [[Xinzheng|Xinzheng County]], [[Zhengzhou]], north-central Henan province. Archaeologists believe that the Peiligang culture was [[egalitarianism|egalitarian]], with little political organization.<ref name="LL"/>
The culture practiced agriculture in the form of cultivating [[millet]] and animal husbandry in the form of raising [[pig]]s and possibly poultry.<ref name="LL"/> The people hunted [[deer]] and wild boar, and fished for [[carp]] in the nearby river, using nets made from [[hemp]] fibers. The culture is also one of the oldest in ancient China to make [[pottery]].<ref name="LL"/> This culture typically had separate residential and burial areas, or cemeteries, like most Neolithic cultures. Common artifacts include stone arrowheads, spearheads and axe heads; stone tools such as chisels, awls and sickles for harvesting grain; and a broad assortment of pottery items for such purposes as cooking and storing grain.<ref name="LL"/>
==Jiahu==
{{Main|Jiahu}}
The site at [[Jiahu]] is the earliest site associated with Peiligang culture. There are many similarities between the main group of Peiligang settlements and the Jiahu culture, which was isolated several days' travel to the south of the main group. Archaeologists are divided about the relationship between Jiahu and the main group. Most agree that Jiahu was part of the Peiligang culture, pointing to the many similarities. A few archaeologists are pointing to the differences, as well as the distance, believing that Jiahu was a neighbor that shared many cultural characteristics with Peiligang, but was a separate culture. The cultivation of [[rice]], for example, was unique to Jiahu and was not practiced among the villages of the main Peiligang group in the north. Also, Jiahu existed for several hundred years before any of the settlements of the main group.
== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="170px" heights="170px" perrow="4">
File:PeiligangStoneRollerAndQuern.JPG|Stone roller and quern from the Peiligang site
Ding, Peiligang Xinzheng.Henan provincial museum.jpg|[[Ding (vessel)|''Ding'']], Peiligang. Henan provincial museum
Neolithic pottery jar, Peiligang Culture, Xinzheng, Henan, 1978.JPG|Neolithic pottery jar, Peiligang Culture, Xinzheng, Henan
Neolithic stone sickle, Peiligang Culture, Jiaxian, Henan, 1976.JPG|Neolithic stone sickle, Peiligang Culture, Jiaxian, Henan
Peiligang Culture bone arrowheads & teeth scrapers.JPG|Peiligang Culture bone arrowheads & teeth scrapers
Red Pottery Jar with a Deep Belley.jpg|Red Pottery Jar with a Deep Belley, Peiligang culture
</gallery>
==See also==
* [[Jiahu symbols]]
* [[Beifudi|Prehistoric Beifudi site]]
==References==
{{commons category|Peiligang culture}}
{{reflist}}
==Bibliography==
* {{cite book
| surname = Liu | given = Li | authorlink = Liu Li (archaeologist)
| title = The Chinese Neolithic: Trajectories to Early States
| url = https://archive.org/details/chineseneolithic00liul_488 | url-access = limited | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-0-521-81184-2
| pages = [https://archive.org/details/chineseneolithic00liul_488/page/n93 74]–78
}}
*{{cite book
| surname1 = Liu | given1 = Li
| surname2 = Chen | given2 = Xingcan
| title = The Archaeology of China: From the Late Paleolithic to the Early Bronze Age
| url = https://archive.org/details/archaeologychina00liul | url-access = limited | year = 2012 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn = 978-0-521-64310-8
| pages = [https://archive.org/details/archaeologychina00liul/page/n164 141]–150
}}
{{Neolithic}}
{{Neolithic Chronology}}
{{Neolithic cultures of China}}
[[Category:Neolithic cultures of China]]
[[Category:History of Henan]]
[[Category:7th-millennium BC establishments]]
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