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{{Infobox person
| image = Henry Browne Hayes portrait miniature by Adam Buck (attrib) c.1824.png
| alt = 19th century oval-shaped portrait miniature of a man, head and shoulders, with light hair and a dark coat
| caption = 1820s portrait of Henry Browne Hayes, attributed to Cork-based artist [[Adam Buck]]
| birth_place = Cork, Ireland
| death_place = Cork, Ireland
| burial_place = [[Christ Church, Cork|Christ Church]], South Main Street, Cork
| spouse = Elizabeth Smyth (1783–1794)
| criminal_penalty = [[Penal transportation]] to Australia
| children = Three
| father = Attiwell Hayes
| known_for = Kidnap of [[Mary Pike]]; Association with [[Vernon Mount]] (Cork) and [[Vaucluse House]] (Sydney)
}}▼
'''Sir Henry Browne Hayes''' (1762–1832) was a landowner and [[Sheriff of Cork City]] in [[Ireland]]. Convicted of the kidnap of a wealthy heiress in Cork, he was subject to [[penal transportation]] to [[New South Wales]] in 1802 where he built [[Vaucluse House]] near Sydney. He was pardoned in 1812 and returned to Ireland. Surviving a shipwreck at the [[Falkland Islands]] on the return journey, he retired in Cork where he died in 1832.
==Early life and family==
Hayes was born in Ireland, the son of Attiwell Hayes (d.1799) a wealthy brewer and miller. Henry Browne Hayes was admitted a freeman of the city of [[Cork (city)|Cork]] in November 1782 and married Elizabeth Smyth in 1783.<ref name="Cooke">{{cite web|url = https://www.irelandsown.ie/the-kidnapping-of-a-cork-heiress/ | title = The Kidnapping Of A Cork Heiress | work = Ireland's Own |first = Richard T. | last = Cooke | date = | access-date = 10 July 2023 }}</ref> The couple had one son and three daughters.<ref name="triskelartscentre">{{cite web|url = https://triskelartscentre.ie/christchurch/famous-characters/sir-henry-browne-hayes/ | website = triskelartscentre.ie| title = Sir Henry Browne Hayes | first1 = Rolf | last1 = Grunseit | first2 = Michael | last2 = O'Leary | access-date = 10 July 2023 }}</ref> He was one of Cork's [[sheriff]]s in 1790 and was knighted in the same year.
==Kidnapping and trial==
Following the death of his wife, in 1794,<ref name="Cooke"/> he became acquainted with Miss [[Mary Pike]], heiress to over £20,000. On 22 July 1797, he abducted her and took her to his house at [[Vernon Mount]] near Douglas.<ref name="triskelartscentre"/><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.igs.ie/conservation/building/vernon-mount-co.-cork |publisher= Irish Georgian Society |title= Conservation - Vernon Mount, Co. Cork |access-date= 1 August 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160801161941/http://www.igs.ie/conservation/building/vernon-mount-co.-cork |archive-date= 1 August 2016 |url-status= dead }}</ref> In spite of Miss Pike's protestations, a man dressed as a [[priest]] was brought in who went through a form of a marriage ceremony. Miss Pike refused to consider it a marriage, and was eventually rescued by some of her relatives. Hayes fled, and a reward of £1000 was offered for his apprehension.<ref name=dab>{{Dictionary of Australian Biography|First=Henry Browne|Last=Hayes|shortlink=0-dict-biogHa-He.html#hayes1 | access-date=2009-02-19 }}</ref><ref name=adb>{{Australian Dictionary of Biography |last=Lynravn |first=N. S. |author-link= |year=1966 |id=A010486b |title= Hayes, Sir Henry Browne (1762 - 1832) |access-date=2009-02-19 }}</ref>
Hayes was not found until two years later, when he walked into the shop of an old friend of the family who lived on Cork's [[Grand Parade, Cork|Grand Parade]].<ref name="Bertie">{{cite journal | title = The Story of Vaucluse House and Sir Henry Browne Hayes | first = Charles Henry | last = Bertie | url = https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-425207096/view?partId=nla.obj-425211995#page/n9/mode/1up | journal = Journal and Proceedings | publisher = Royal Australian Historical Society | volume = 3 | date = 1917 | pages = 507–30}}</ref> Hayes suggested that the family friend, a Mr. Coghlan, should claim the reward - which he reportedly did.<ref name="Bertie"/>
The trial which followed did not begin until April 1801. It created much interest being described as "one of the sensations of the day" and seeing Hayes accompanied by "numerous and influential friends".<ref name="Bertie"/> The prosecution was led by [[John Philpot Curran]].<ref>{{cite journal|url = https://www.dib.ie/biography/pike-mary-a7339| journal = Dictionary of Irish Biography | publisher = Royal Irish Academy | first = Turlough | last = O'Riordan | title = Pike, Mary | date = October 2009 | doi = 10.3318/dib.007339.v1 | access-date = 10 July 2023 }}</ref> After one hour's deliberation, Hayes was found guilty and recommended to mercy.<ref name="Bertie"/> At first condemned to death, his sentence was commuted to [[Penal transportation|transportation]] for life.
==Penal transportation and life in Australia==
Sailing to Australia on the ''Atlas'', Hayes arrived in New South Wales on 6 July 1802.<ref name=adb/> Hayes was not short of money and had lightened the privations of the voyage by paying the captain a considerable sum so that he might [[mess]] with him. However, Hayes quarrelled with [[Thomas Jamison|Surgeon Thomas Jamison]] who was on the same vessel,<ref name=adb/> and when Hayes arrived he was sentenced to six months imprisonment "for his threatening and improper conduct".<ref name="triskelartscentre"/>
Once in Sydney, Hayes made himself a nuisance to [[Philip Gidley King|Governor Philip Gidley King]] by consorting with the "wilder spirits" among the Irish convicts,{{citation needed|date=July 2023}} and by trying to form a [[Freemasonry|freemason's lodge]] after permission to hold a meeting for this purpose had been refused. King called him "a restless, troublesome character".<ref>{{cite book | title = Historical Records of New South Wales: King, 1803-1805 | date = 1897 | editor = Bladen, F. M. | publisher = Government Printer | first = Philip Gidley | last = King | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vYwrAAAAIAAJ | page = 331 }}</ref> According to the ''[[Australian Dictionary of Biography]]'', a meeting held by Hayes on 14 May 1803 is "regarded as the foundation day of Freemasonry in Australia".<ref name=adb/>
In 1803, he purchased a property near the city and called it "Vaucluse". [[Vaucluse House]] was later purchased by [[William Wentworth]]. Hayes surrounded his property with [[sod|turf]] from Ireland to keep out the snakes which were common in the area; the tactic appeared to work.<ref name=adb/> When the troubles between the military and [[William Bligh|Governor William Bligh]] began, Hayes took the side of the governor and was sent to the coal mines at [[Newcastle, New South Wales|Newcastle]].<ref name=dab/> Bligh would have pardoned him if he could have obtained possession of the great seal and, after [[Lachlan Macquarie]] came, Hayes was pardoned in 1812.
==Later life and legacy==
Hayes sailed back to Europe in December 1812, surviving a shipwreck at the [[Falkland Islands]].<ref name=dab/> The vessel on which he sailed, the ''Isabella'', also carried the [[Society of United Irishmen|United Irishman]] [[Joseph Holt (rebel)|Joseph Holt]] and an account of their shipwreck can be found in the ''Memoirs of Joseph Holt''.
Hayes lived in retirement in Ireland for nearly 20 years, and died in Cork in April or May 1832 aged 70 years. He was buried in the crypt of [[Christ Church, Cork]].<ref name=dab/>
A 2017 play, titled ''Sir Henry'', was based on the life of Hayes.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/theatre-arts/irish-villain-whose-home-became-one-of-the-countrys-most-haunted-houses-now-has-new-play-based-on-his-life-36220935.html |first = Ralph | last = Riegel | publisher =Independent News & Media | title = Irish villain whose home became one of the country's most haunted houses now has new play based on his life | date = 12 October 2017 | access-date = 15 October 2017 }}</ref>
==Further reading==
* {{cite book | title = Australia's Rebel Convict: The Adventurous Life of the Irrepressible Sir Henry Browne Hayes | first = Rolf |last = Grunseit |date = 2011 | isbn = 9780987066060 | publisher = Centennial }}
* {{citation | title = The trial of Sir Henry Browne Hayes, Knt. for forcibly and feloniously taking away Miss Mary Pike on the twenty-second day of July, 1797 | place = Cork | editor = Haly, James | publisher = Haly | date = 1801 }}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{authority control}}
▲| NAME = Hayes, Henry Browne
▲| DATE OF BIRTH = 1762
▲| DATE OF DEATH = 1832
▲}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hayes, Henry Browne}}
[[Category:1762 births]]
[[Category:1832 deaths]]
[[Category:People from County Cork]]
[[Category:18th-century Irish people]]
[[Category:Convicts transported to Australia]]
▲[[Category:Freemasons]]
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