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{{Short description|Swiss scientist, specialist in physical and analytical electrochemistry}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Hubert Girault
| image = Hubert Girault.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1957|2|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Saint-Maur-des-Fossés|Saint-Maur-des Fossés]], [[France]]
| death_date = =
| death_place =
| nationality = French, Swiss
| residence = Switzerland
| field = [[electrochemistryElectrochemistry]], [[physical chemistry]], [[analytical chemistry]]
| nationality = French, Swiss
| alma_mater = [[University of Southampton]]
| field = [[electrochemistry]], [[physical chemistry]], [[analytical chemistry]]
| work_institution = [[École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Southampton]]
| work_institution = [[École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne]]
| doctoral_students =
| notable_students =
| notable_students = Prof. Liang Qiao ([[Fudan University]]),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.fudan.edu.cn/liangqiaomslab/en/%E4%B9%94%E4%BA%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%91%98-2/|title=Liang Liao : Biography |website=fudan.edu.cn|access-date=2017-02-18}}</ref> Prof. Bin Su ([[Zhejiang University]]),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://person.zju.edu.cn/en/binsu|title=Bin Su : Biography |website=person.zju.edu.cn|access-date=2017-02-18}}</ref> Prof. David Fermin ([[University of Bristol]]) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bris.ac.uk/chemistry/people/david-j-fermin/|title=David Fermin : Biography |website=bris.ac.uk|access-date=2017-02-18}}</ref>
| known_for = [[electrochemistryElectrochemistry]]
| prizes = [[Faraday Medal (electrochemistry)|Faraday Medal]] of the [[Royal Society of Chemistry]] {{small|(2006)}}<br />Fellow of the [[International Society of Electrochemistry]] {{small|(2007)}}<br />[[Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry]] {{small|(2009)}}<br />[[Reilley Award]] of [[the Society for Electroanalytical Chemistry]] {{small|(2015)}}
| religion =
| footnotes =
| website = {{URL|http://lepa.epfl.ch/}}
}}
 
'''Hubert Girault''' (born 13 February 1957 in [[Saint-Maur-des-Fossés]], France) is a Swiss [[chemist]] and is Emeritus [[professorProfessor]] at the [[École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne]] (1992-2022). He iswas the director of the Laboratoire d’Electrochimied'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, with expertise in [[electrochemistry]] at soft interfaces, [[Lab-on-a-Chip]] techniques, bio-analytical [[chemistry]] and [[Mass spectrometry|mass-spectrometry]], artificial [[water splitting]], CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, and [[Flow battery|redox flow batteries]].
 
Professor Girault has authored more than 500600 scientific publications, with more the 1720,000 [[citations]], and an [[h-index]] of 7076. He has authored a textbook entitled “Electrochimie"Electrochimie: Physique et Analytique”Analytique", which is published in English as “Analytical"Analytical and Physical Electrochemistry”Electrochemistry". Professor Girault is an inventor of more than 17 patents (including developing of [[Electrostatic spray ionization|ESTASI]] method of ionisation). In addition to his role as a [[professor]] at the [[EPFL]], he is an [[Adjunctadjunct Professorprofessor]] at the Engineering Research Center of Innovative Scientific Instruments, [[Ministry of Education]] of [[China]], [[Fudan University]], [[Shanghai]]. He has served as a visiting professor at ENS Cachan (Paris, France), Fudan University (China), Kyoto University (Japan), Peking University (China), and Xiamen University (China). Since 2022, he is visiting professor at [https://um6p.ma/en Polytechnique University Mohamed VI (UM6P)].
 
He has been married to Jördis since 1984 and is the father of Jan-Torben born 1988 and Freya-Merret born 1990.
 
He is a member of: [http://carnot.org/?lang=en Carnot Foundation], [https://www.naval-group.com/en/ Naval group advisory board], [[PSL Research University|PSL]] strategic committee, [http://greengt.com/en/ GreenGT] scientific board
 
==Early life==
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==Academic career==
Hubert Girault earned his [[Diploma in Engineering|Engineeringengineering diploma]] in [[Chemicalchemical Engineeringengineering]] from the [[Grenoble Institute of Technology]] in 1979. Three years after that, in 1982, he completed his [[PhD]] thesis, entitled “Interfacial"Interfacial studies using drop image-processing techniques”techniques",<ref>{{Cite journalthesis|last=H.|first=Girault, H.|date=1982-01-01|title=Interfacial studies using drop image processing techniques.|publisher=University of Southampton|url=http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.345461|type=Ph.D}}</ref> at the [[University of Southampton]], England. From 1982 to 1985, he worked as a [[post-doctoral researcher]] at the [[University of Southampton]], before becoming a lecturer in [[physical chemistry]] at the [[University of Edinburgh]]. In 1992, he became a [[Professorprofessor]] of [[physical chemistry]] at the [[École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne|École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)]], where he continues to teach today. He is also the founder and director of the Laboratoire d’Electrochimied'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lepa.epfl.ch|title=Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627035639/http://lepa.epfl.ch/|archive-date=2017-06-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> He has served twice as Chairmanchairman of the Department of Chemistry, now called Institute of [[Chemical and Engineering Science (ISIC)]] for the periods 1995-1997 and 2004-20082004–2008. He has also served twice as Headhead of the Chemistry Teaching Commission in charge of chemistry and chemical engineering education at EPFL, now called Section of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering for the period 1997-19991997–1999 and 2001-20042001–2004.
 
He was Directordirector of the Doctoral Program in Chemistry at the [[EPFL]] for the period 1999-20001999–2000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://people.epfl.ch/hubert.girault/bio?lang=en&cvlang=en|title=Hubert Girault : Biography and current work|website=people.epfl.ch|access-date=2017-02-18}}</ref> During the period 2011-20142011–2014, he was Dean of Bachelor & Master Studies at EPFL and has supervised a comprehensive teaching reform, with the definition of new Curriculacurricula starting September 2013. These changes included the introduction of a new first year curriculum with two-thirdthirds of common courses for all scientific and engineering sections, and of a new Bachelorbachelor curriculum integrating more closely lecture courses, exercises and practical laboratories. He was involved in a major overhaul of the Mastermaster Programsprograms and the introduction of [[Massive open online course|MOOCs]] for specific courses. As Dean, he introduced measures to improve the quality control of education,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dyson|first=Paul J.|date=2011-09-30|title=Editorial|url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/scs/chimia/2011/00000065/00000009/art00001;jsessionid=2imnrjuroouo.x-ic-live-02|journal=CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry|volume=65|issue=9|pages=636–637}}</ref> in particular by setting up, for each section, an academic commission responsible for auditing yearly all the programs. He also chairs the different admission committees both at the Bachelorbachelor and Mastermaster levels.
 
During his career, he has supervised more than 6070 [[PhD]] students (+ 10 in progress) and trained many [[postdoctoral fellows]]. 2530 former PhDs and post-docs are now [[professors]] in [[Canada]], [[China]], [[Denmark]], [[France|Finland, France]], [[Ireland]], [[Japan|Italy, Japan]], [[Korea]], [[Singapore]], [[UK]] & [[United States]]USA. Education has been a major part of his activities, and his lecture notes have formed the basis of a textbook entitled: “Electrochimie"Electrochimie Physique et Analytique”Analytique" (now in the third edition); translated in English “Analytical"Analytical and Physical Electrochemistry”Electrochemistry".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.crcpress.com/Analytical-and-Physical-Electrochemistry/Girault/p/book/9780824753573|title=Analytical and Physical Electrochemistry|website=CRC Press|language=en|access-date=2017-02-18}}</ref>
 
Prof. Hubert Girault always had an interest in [[scientific publishing]]. Between, 1996 and 2001, he was [[associate editor]] of [[Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry]], which at the time was one of the major reference journals in the field. He is also the [[Vicevice-Presidentpresident]] of the [[Presses_polytechniques_et_universitaires_romandesPresses polytechniques et universitaires romandes]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fondation.ppur.com/?page_id=824|title=La Fondation {{!}} PPUR – EPFL Press|website=fondation.ppur.com|language=fr-FR|access-date=2017-02-19}}</ref> He has served on many editorial boards and ishas now servingserved as Associate Editor of [[Chemical Science]] ([[Royal Society of Chemistry]]) (2010-2018).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/about-journals/chemical-science/editorial-board-members/|title=The Chemical science editorial board members|last=Chemistry|first=Royal Society of|date=2016-02-23|website=www.rsc.org|language=en|access-date=2017-02-19}}</ref> Prof. Hubert Girault was Chairman of the Electrochemistry division at EUCHEMS (2008-2010),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chimia.ch/index.php?option=com_phocadownload&view=category&download=536:2008-03&id=138:2008-03&lang=en|title=CHIMIA|access-date=2017-02-18|archive-date=2017-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219103205/https://chimia.ch/index.php?option=com_phocadownload&view=category&download=536:2008-03&id=138:2008-03&lang=en|url-status=dead}}</ref> and was the Chairman of the annual meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry, Lausanne 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://annual65.ise-online.org/general/org_comm.php|title=International Society of Electrochemistry, Annual Meeting|last=Bourgeois|first=Thierry Lenzin/Gil|website=annual65.ise-online.org|access-date=2017-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808194944/http://annual65.ise-online.org/general/org_comm.php|archive-date=2016-08-08|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
==Commercial enterprises==
Prof. Hubert Girault has been the founding Directorco-director of 3five companies:
*Dydropp (1982, dissolved 1986) active in the production of video digitizing units for [[surface tension]] measurements,
*Ecosse Sensors (1990, now part of Inverness Medical Technologies, USA) active in the production of laser photo-ablated carbon electrodes for heavy metal detection,
*DiagnoSwiss (1999-2012) now active in the production of fast [[immunoassay]] systems.
*[http://www.sensasion.ch SENSaSION] (2017) active in the field of bacteria detection and [[antibiotic]] susceptibility test (AST).
*[https://www.h2valais.com Hydrogène du Valais], active in developing hydrogen infrastructure
 
==Recognition==
{{Scholia}}
Girault’sGirault's work has been cited more than 17'20,000 times, giving him an [[h-index|''h''-index]] of 6976 according to [[Web of Science]] (or 20'29,000 and 8092, correspondingly according to [[Google Scholar]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.google.ch/citations?user=4hjDwIQAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao|title=Girault Hubert H. - Google Scholar Citations|website=scholar.google.ch|access-date=2017-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219094200/https://scholar.google.ch/citations?user=4hjDwIQAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao|archive-date=2017-02-19|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{Graph:Chart|width=600|height=200|xAxisTitle=Year|yAxisTitle=Number of Articles per year|type=rect|x=82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,'00,'01,'02,'03,'04,'05,'06,'07,'08,'09,'10,'11,'12,'13,'14,'15,'16,'17,'18,'19|y1=1,2,4,1,4,2,4,5,9,6,3,2,9,10,10,20,22,23,20,22,24,16,24,24,14,23,22,24,20,28,24,24,26,19,19,23,0,0}}
{{Graph:Chart|width=600|height=200|xAxisTitle=Year|yAxisTitle=Number of Citations per year|type=rect|x=82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,'00,'01,'02,'03,'04,'05,'06,'07,'08,'09,'10,'11,'12,'13,'14,'15,'16,'17,'18,'19|y=0,4,14,9,20,25,56,38,69,102,74,51,55,122,98,136,217,276,339,464,503,577,751,751,675,656,756,797,1118,975,1042,901,1027,1252,1386,1322,0,0}}
 
In 2006, he was awarded the [[Faraday Medal]] by the Royal Society of Chemistry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rsc.org/Membership/Networking/InterestGroups/Electrochemistry/faradaymedal.asp|title = Electrochemistry Group}}</ref> The following year, he was named a Fellow of the [[International Society of Electrochemistry]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ise-online.org/fellows.php|title=International Society of Electrochemistry|website=www.ise-online.org|access-date=2017-02-19}}</ref> He was subsequently named a Fellow of the [[Royal Society of Chemistry]] in 2009 (Ref)and Fellow of the [[Electrochemical Society]] in 2019. He received the Visiting Professorship Award for the "111 Project" from the [[Chinese Ministry of Education]] from 2008 to 2011. In 2015, he was awarded the [[Reilley Award]] by the [[American Society of Electroanalytical Chemistry]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Papageorgiou|first=Nik|date=2014-05-05|title=Hubert Girault to receive the Charles N. Reilley Award|url=https://actu.epfl.ch/news/hubert-girault-to-receive-the-charles-n-reilley-aw/|language=en}}</ref> In 2020, he received the Shikata International Medal of the Polarographic Society of Japan.
 
==Current research activities==
 
===Alkaline water electrolysis===
Water electrolysis is considered the cleanest way to produce hydrogen, when the electricity required is derived from renewable energy sources. These technologies could be used to store energy such as hydrogen, which can be transformed into electricity in fuel cells, when the natural source of energy is not available. Here there are two ways to perform the electrolysis of water, namely in basic or acid medium, the latter is possible thanks to a solid polymer manufactured by DuPont and called Nafion. The electrolysers based on this technology offer greater advantages over their alkaline counterparts in terms of a more compact design due to higher current densities and higher operating pressures. However, the limited life time and the high cost of the membranes, as well as the use of expensive precious metal electro-catalysts, are important considerations to take into account. That is why the alkaline water electrolysis has been revitalized by new electro-catalytic materials<ref>http://lepa.epfl.ch/page-139282-en.html</ref><ref name="Colli et al.">{{cite journal|last=Colli |first=A.N.|display-authors=et al | title=Non-Precious Electrodes for Practical Alkaline Water Electrolysis |journal= Materials|volume=12|issue=8 |pages=1336|year=2019|doi=10.3390/ma12081336 |pmid=31022944}}</ref> and fundamental cell studies.<ref name="Colli and Girault">{{cite journal|last=Colli |first=A.N. |author2=Girault H.H.| title=Compact and General Strategy for Solving Current and Potential Distribution in Electrochemical Cells Composed of Massive Monopolar and Bipolar Electrodes |journal= Journal of the Electrochemical Society|volume=164|issue=11 |pages=E3465–E3472|year=2017|doi=10.1149/2.0471711jes }}</ref>
 
===Redox Flowflow batteries===
Professor Girault is also among the inventors of the dual-circuit redox flow battery (Ref), which enables indirect water electrolysis using the electrolytes of conventional redox flow batteries. A small scale demonstrator of the concept has been built in Martigny, Switzerland. The Martigny site is also home to the EPFL Grid-to-mobility demonstrator (proposed by Girault), which is a hydrogen and battery-electric vehicle fueling station utilizing a vanadium redox flow battery to buffer the energy demands of the fueling station.
{{Empty section|date=February 2017}}
 
===Electrochemistry in MS-analysis===
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===Electrochemistry at soft interfaces===
Also Hubert Girault is interested in self-assembly of molecular species and nanoparticles<ref>{{Cite journal|lastlast1=Smirnov|firstfirst1=Evgeny|last2=Scanlon|first2=Micheál D.|last3=Momotenko|first3=Dmitry|last4=Vrubel|first4=Heron|last5=Méndez|first5=Manuel A.|last6=Brevet|first6=Pierre-Francois|last7=Girault|first7=Hubert H.|date=2014-09-23|title=Gold Metal Liquid-Like Droplets|journal=ACS Nano|volume=8|issue=9|pages=9471–9481|doi=10.1021/nn503644v|pmid=25184343|issn=1936-0851|url=http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/201607}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|lastlast1=Smirnov|firstfirst1=Evgeny|last2=Peljo|first2=Pekka|last3=Scanlon|first3=Micheál D.|last4=Gumy|first4=Frederic|last5=Girault|first5=Hubert H.|date=2016-03-31|title=Self-healing gold mirrors and filters at liquid–liquid interfaces|journal=Nanoscale|language=en|volume=8|issue=14|pages=7723–7737|doi=10.1039/c6nr00371k|pmid=27001646|bibcode=2016Nanos...8.7723S|issn=2040-3372|hdl=10344/8369|s2cid=18196939|hdl-access=free}}</ref> at liquid-liquid interfaces and carrying out fundamental research on electrochemistry at soft interfaces.<ref>{{Cite journal|lastlast1=Scanlon|firstfirst1=Micheál D.|last2=Peljo|first2=Pekka|last3=Méndez|first3=Manuel A.|last4=Smirnov|first4=Evgeny|last5=Girault|first5=Hubert H.|date=2015-04-20|title=Charging and discharging at the nanoscale: Fermi level equilibration of metallic nanoparticles|journal=Chem. Sci.|language=en|volume=6|issue=5|pages=2705–2720|doi=10.1039/c5sc00461f|pmid=28706663|pmc=5489025|issn=2041-6539}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|lastlast1=Peljo|firstfirst1=Pekka|last2=Smirnov|first2=Evgeny|last3=Girault|first3=Hubert. H.|date=2016-10-15|title=Heterogeneous versus homogeneous electron transfer reactions at liquid–liquid interfaces: The wrong question?|journal=Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry|series=Special issue in honor of Koichi Aoki|volume=779|pages=187–198|doi=10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.02.023|url=http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/216942|doi-access=free}}</ref>
 
===Electromobilis===
[[Electromobility]] demonstrator "[http://www.electromobilis.ch Electromobilis]" with redox-flow batteries, fast chargers (80kW80 kW) and hydrogen production and delivery.
 
 
==References==
{{reflistReflist}}
 
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:People from Saint-Maur-des-Fossés]]
[[Category:Swiss chemists]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne faculty]]
[[Category:Grenoble Institute of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Southampton]]