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Line 2: {{Infobox company \| name = M-Systems \| logo = ~~[[File:~~M-SystemsLogo.png~~\|frameless]]~~ \| logo_alt = M-Systems Corporate Logo \| caption = \| type = [[~~Pnblic~~Public company\|Public]] \| fate = [[Acquired]] by [[SanDisk]] \| foundation = [[Kfar Saba]], Israel {{Start date\|1989}} \| founder = [[Dov Moran]] and Aryeh Mergi <ref name=interview> [https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102792097 Interview with Dov Moran and Aryeh Mergi], [[Computer History Museum]], September 8, 2020 </ref> <ref name=lifetime> [https://www.flashmemorysummit.com/English/News_Info/Lifetime_Achievement_Award/Lifetime_Achievement_Award_2018.html Lifetime achievement award - 2018], Flash Memory Summit </ref> ~~\| founder = [[Dov Moran]]~~ \| defunct = {{End date\|2006\|11\|19}} \| area_served = Worldwide \| key_people = [[Dov Moran]], Aryeh Mergi <small>[[Entrepreneur\|~~Founder~~Founders]]</small> \| industry = [[Computer hardware]] \| products = DiskOnKey <br /> DiskOnChip }} [[File:PikiWiki Israel 6737 Science and technology in Israel.jpg\|thumb\|250px\| The former M-Systems HQ, now a SanDisk facility]] '''M-Systems''' Ltd., (sometimes spelled '''msystems'''<ref name=SanDisk>{{cite press release\|url=http://www.sandisk.com/about-sandisk/press-room/press-releases/2006/2006-11-19-sandisk-completes-acquisition-of-msystems \|title=SanDisk Completes Acquisition of Msystems \|publisher=[[SanDisk]] \|date=2006-11-19 \|accessdate=2010-07-31}}</ref>) was a [[Nasdaq]]-listed [[Israel]]i producer of [[Flash memory]] storage products founded in 1989 by [[Dov Moran]] and based in [[Kfar Saba]], Israel. They were best known for developing and patenting the first [[solid-state drive\|flash drive]], marketed in 1995 as ''DiskOnChip'', and the first [[USB flash drive]], marketed in 1999 as ''DiskOnKey''. They also created the patented [[TrueFFS\|True Flash Filing System]] (TrueFFS) which presented the flash memory as a disk drive to the computer.<ref name=Odagiri>{{cite book \|last1=Odagiri \|first1=Hiroyuki \|last2=Goto \|first2=Akira \|last3=Sunami \|first3=Atsushi \|last4=Nelson \|first4=Richard R. \|title=Intellectual Property Rights, Development, and Catch Up: An International Comparative Study \|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] \|year=2010 \|isbn=0-19-957475-8 \|pages=224–227}}</ref> After 17 years of business, they were acquired by their prior competitor, [[SanDisk]], in 2006.<ref name=SanDisk />▼ The DiskOnChip (DOC) was developed at the R&D Center established by M-Systems called EUROM. Rick Iorillo, Rony Levy and David Deitcher were the individuals that worked on the development and marketing of the first 2 [[Mebibyte\|MB]] DOC. This product went on to receive the Most Innovative Award from EDN in 1995 and later went on to become the Flash Drive and DiskOnKey.▼ ▲'''M-Systems''' Ltd., (sometimes spelled '''msystems'''<ref name=SanDisk>{{cite press release\|url=http://www.sandisk.com/about-sandisk/press-room/press-releases/2006/2006-11-19-sandisk-completes-acquisition-of-msystems \|title=SanDisk Completes Acquisition of Msystems \|publisher=[[SanDisk]] \|date=2006-11-19 \|accessdate=2010-07-31}}</ref>) was a [[Nasdaq]]-listed [[Israel]]i producer of [[~~Flash~~flash memory]] storage products founded in 1989 by [[Dov Moran]] and Aryeh Mergi, <ref name=interview/> <ref name=lifetime/> based in [[Kfar Saba]], Israel. They were best known for developing and patenting the first [[solid-state drive\|flash drive]], marketed in 1995 as ''DiskOnChip'', and the first [[USB flash drive]], marketed in ~~1999~~2000 as ''DiskOnKey''. They also created the patented [[TrueFFS\|True Flash Filing System]] (TrueFFS) which presented the flash memory as a disk drive to the computer.<ref name=Odagiri>{{cite book \|last1=Odagiri \|first1=Hiroyuki \|last2=Goto \|first2=Akira \|last3=Sunami \|first3=Atsushi \|last4=Nelson \|first4=Richard R. \|title=Intellectual Property Rights, Development, and Catch Up: An International Comparative Study \|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] \|year=2010 \|isbn=0-19-957475-8 \|pages=224–227}}</ref> After 17 years of business, they were acquired by their prior competitor, [[SanDisk]], in 2006.<ref name=SanDisk /> <!--==History==▼ ▲The DiskOnChip (DOC) was developed at the R&D Center established by M-Systems called EUROM. Rick Iorillo, Rony Levy and David Deitcher were the individuals that worked on the development and marketing of the first 2 [[Mebibyte\|MB]] DOC. This product went on to receive the Most Innovative Award from EDN in 1995 and later went on to become the Flash Drive and DiskOnKey. ~~-->~~ ▲<!--==History==--> == DiskOnKey == DiskOnKey was a small Flash memory device encased in a plastic [[enclosure]] with an integrated [[flash ~~controller\|Flash memory~~ controller]] that connected to the [[USB]] [[Computer port (hardware)\|port]] on a [[computer]]. It required no separate power or [[device driver]]s from the computer if running [[Windows 2000]], or [[Windows ME]]; it was a true [[plug and play]] device. In [[Windows 98]] it required a driver which was supplied on a [[CD-ROM]].<ref name=IBM>{{cite web \|url=http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?sitestyle=lenovo&lndocid=MIGR-4R3GWN \|title=8MB USB Memory Key – Overview \|publisher=www.ibm.com \|accessdate=2010-07-31}}</ref> The computer saw the device as a [[hard disk drive]] and it came in capacities of 8, 16, and 32 MB. It was marketed as a hard disk on a keychain. It had an integrated [[Light-emitting diode\|LED]] which indicated when the device was reading or writing data to prevent premature removal from the computer. The performance was about 10 times faster than writing data to a floppy drive.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.slcentral.com/reviews/hardware/storage/msystems/diskonkey/ \|title=M-Systems DiskOnKey \|author=Oh, Chris \|publisher=slcentral.com \|date=2001-08-17 \|accessdate=2010-07-31}}</ref> == DiskOnChip == [[File:Medion Pocket PC MD 7200 (Model MDPPC 100) - board - M-Systems DiskOnChip Plus MD2811-D32-V3 -2991.jpg\|thumb\|DiskOnChip Plus MD2811-D32-V3]] The DiskOnChip (DoC) product line became popular because they could easily be integrated into small [[embedded computers\|embedded applications]]. The device was supplied as a module in a 32-pin [[dual in-line package]] (DIP) with a pinout and electrical interface compatible with a standard [[JEDEC memory standards\|JEDEC socket]] for memory chips. It employed a [[Memory-mapped I/O\|memory-mapped]] interface with an 8 [[kibibyte\|KB]] window for models of all capacities (16 MB–1 GB). Internally, a DoC module contained a controller that implemented [[error correction\|ECC]], [[Bad sector\|bad block re-mapping]] and [[wear leveling]] functions that were used to implement a file system, ''[[TrueFFS]]'', for which the company provided [[software development kit]]s.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.sandisk.com/Assets/File/pdf/oem/DOC_2000_DIP_DS_Rev3.9.pdf \|title=DiskOnChip 2000 DIP data sheet \|publisher=www.sandisk.com \|accessdate=2010-07-31}}</ref> Some time after SanDisk acquired M-Systems, they announced the [[End-of-life (product)\|end-of-life]] ~~(EOL)~~ for the DiskOnChip 2000 product line in early 2007,<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.sandisk.com/Assets/File/OEM/Manuals/eol/modular/EOL-DOC-0207.pdf \|title=SanDisk Product Update: SanDisk is announcing the End of Life (EOL) of DiskOnChip (DOC) 2000 \|publisher=www.sandisk.com \|date=February 2007 \|accessdate=2010-07-31}}</ref> suggesting customers migrate to the uDOC (uDiskOnChip Embedded USB Flash Disk) product, [[CompactFlash]], or [[SecureDigital]] cards, all of which are not directly compatible, requiring interface redesign. The subsidiary of M-Systems called EUROM was established to design, build and sell the DOC to the U.S. and Asian embedded computer distributors. The first customer for the DOC was ~~Amrpo~~Ampro. David Feldman, President of Ampro and Rick Iorillo, President of EUROM U.S. completed the first deal with IBM to supply 2MB embedded flash drives for recording transportation data on public buses in South America. == TrueFFS == [[File:Navigon Canada 310 - board - SanDisk SDED5-002G-NC-40226.jpg\|thumb\|[[SanDisk]] SDED5-002G-NC - mDOC H3 Embedded Flash Drive (EFD) featuring Embedded TrueFFS Flash Management Software]] The software that made the computer see the Flash memory as a disk drive was called TrueFFS and it was awarded US patent No. 5404485<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=US&NR=5404485A&KC=A&FT=D&date=19950404&DB=&locale= \|title=Patent No. 5404485\| publisher=v3.espacenet.com \|accessdate=2010-07-31}}</ref> in 1995. This software and initially the Flash memory from [[Toshiba]] were combined to form the first solid state storage product called DiskOnChip. The DiskOnChip was first designed for the Single Board Computer manufacturers and was a 2 MB chip. The DiskOnChip was made to work with TFFS and was able to bypass the [[BIOS]] by disabling the F000 address in the advance [[Nonvolatile BIOS memory\|CMOS]] setup. Rick Iorillo lead the development and design efforts in the U.S. and established the first distributor base for the sale of the 28 pin DIP with Ampro being the first customer in the U.S. Sales of the DOC were established with IBM and Brazil to help in capturing the data off the public transportation systems.<ref name=Odagiri /> == Corporate relationships == Line 38 ⟶ 40: === Samsung === M-Systems did not produce the Flash memory used in their devices. Instead they worked closely with other ~~Flash~~flash memory manufacturers to use multiple suppliers of memory. In July 1996, [[Samsung]] and M-Systems announced a cooperative agreement between them that would combine the Samsung [[NAND flash memory~~\|NAND~~]] ~~Flash memory~~ technology with the M-Systems' [[TrueFFS]] controller.<ref name=Odagiri /> === Toshiba === As early as 1998, Toshiba and M-Systems signed mutual agreements to develop and market a number of products for which Toshiba was a [[Monopoly\|sole source]]. Toshiba agreed to supply a specific portion of its ~~Flash~~flash memory capacity to M-Systems in 2003. This included an investment by Toshiba in M-Systems.<ref name=Odagiri /> === Saifun Semiconductors === Line 47 ⟶ 49: === SanDisk === M-systems was competing in the flash market with SanDisk, but the introduction of the USB drive made a cooperative environment more financially advantageous. In 2004, the two companies entered into a strategic agreement with cross licensing of patents to develop new USB drive platforms introduced in 2005.<ref name=Odagiri /> Ultimately M-Systems was acquired by SanDisk for an all -stock transaction worth US$1.55 billion. A definitive agreement was announced on July 30, 2006, for SanDisk to acquire M-Systems, and on November 19, 2006, the [[Takeover\|acquisition]] was complete.<ref name=SanDisk /> ==See also== * [[Netac Technology]] * [[Pua Khein-Seng]] == References == {{Reflist\|2}} [[Category:~~Companies~~Electronics ~~established~~companies inof ~~1989~~Israel]] [[Category:Computer memory companies]]▼ [[Category:Defunct companies of Israel]]▼ [[Category:Defunct computer hardware companies]] [[Category:Israeli companies established in 1989]] ▲[[Category:Computer memory companies]] [[Category:Kfar Saba]] ▲[[Category:Defunct manufacturing companies of Israel]]