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{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
'''Telomerase-binding protein EST1A''' is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''SMG6'' [[gene]] on [[Chromosome 17 (human)|chromosome 17]].<ref name="pmid12676087">{{cite journal | vauthors = Reichenbach P,
== Structure ==
=== Gene ===
The ''SMG6'' gene resides on chromosome 17 at the band 17p13.3 and contains 30 [[Exon|exons]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=
=== Protein ===
SMG6 is one of three human [[homologs]] for Est1p found in [[Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]. It contains a PIN domain, which is characteristic of proteins with [[ribonuclease]] activity.<ref>{{
== Function ==
SMG6 is broadly expressed in all human tissues. It has dual functions in [[telomere]] maintenance and [[RNA]] surveillance pathways. SMG6 binds single-stranded telomere DNA and cooperates with [[telomerase]] reverse transcriptase to lengthen telomeres.<ref name="pmid12699629"
== Clinical significance ==
In humans, selected genomic regions based on 150 SNPs were identified in a [[genome-wide association study]] (GWAS) on coronary artery disease. Accordingly, the association between recent smoking and the CpG sites within and near these coronary artery disease-related genes were investigated in 724 [[Caucasian race|Caucasian]] subjects from the Rotterdam Study. The identified [[methylation]] sites were found in SMG6 together with other genes, and several of these sites exhibited lower methylation in subjects currently smoking compared to never smoking.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Steenaard RV, Ligthart S, Stolk L, Peters MJ, van Meurs JB, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Franco OH, Dehghan A | title = Tobacco smoking is associated with methylation of genes related to coronary artery disease | journal = Clinical Epigenetics | volume = 7 | pages = 54 | date = 2015-01-01 | issue = 1 | pmid = 26015811 | doi = 10.1186/s13148-015-0088-y | pmc=4443552 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
=== Clinical marker ===
A multi-locus genetic risk score study based on a combination of 27 loci, including the SMG6 gene, identified individuals at increased risk for both incident and recurrent coronary artery disease events, as well as an enhanced clinical benefit from statin therapy. The study was based on a community cohort study (the Malmo Diet and Cancer study) and four additional randomized controlled trials of primary prevention cohorts (JUPITER and ASCOT) and secondary prevention cohorts (CARE and PROVE IT-TIMI 22).<ref name=":0">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mega JL, Stitziel NO, Smith JG, Chasman DI, Caulfield MJ, Devlin JJ, Nordio F, Hyde CL, Cannon CP, Sacks FM, Poulter NR, Sever PS, Ridker PM, Braunwald E, Melander O, Kathiresan S, Sabatine MS | title = Genetic risk, coronary heart disease events, and the clinical benefit of statin therapy: an analysis of primary and secondary prevention trials | journal = Lancet | volume = 385 | issue = 9984 | pages = 2264–71 | date = June 2015 | pmid = 25748612 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61730-X | pmc=4608367}}</ref>
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== References ==▼
{{reflist|33em}}
== Further reading ==▼
▲==References==
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▲==Further reading==
▲*{{cite journal |vauthors=Nakajima D, Okazaki N, Yamakawa H, etal |title=Construction of expression-ready cDNA clones for KIAA genes: manual curation of 330 KIAA cDNA clones. |journal=DNA Res. |volume=9 |issue= 3 |pages= 99–106 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12168954 |doi=10.1093/dnares/9.3.99 }}
▲*{{cite journal |vauthors=Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Suyama M, etal |title=Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XI. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. |journal=DNA Res. |volume=5 |issue= 5 |pages= 277–86 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9872452 |doi=10.1093/dnares/5.5.277 }}
▲*{{cite journal |vauthors=Hoff C, Seranski P, Mollenhauer J, etal |title=Physical and transcriptional mapping of the 17p13.3 region that is frequently deleted in human cancer. |journal=Genomics |volume=70 |issue= 1 |pages= 26–33 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11087658 |doi= 10.1006/geno.2000.6353 }}
▲*{{cite journal | vauthors=Chiu SY, Serin G, Ohara O, Maquat LE |title=Characterization of human Smg5/7a: a protein with similarities to Caenorhabditis elegans SMG5 and SMG7 that functions in the dephosphorylation of Upf1. |journal=RNA |volume=9 |issue= 1 |pages= 77–87 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12554878 |doi=10.1261/rna.2137903 | pmc=1370372 }}
▲*{{cite journal |vauthors=Ohnishi T, Yamashita A, Kashima I, etal |title=Phosphorylation of hUPF1 induces formation of mRNA surveillance complexes containing hSMG-5 and hSMG-7. |journal=Mol. Cell |volume=12 |issue= 5 |pages= 1187–200 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14636577 |doi=10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00443-X }}
▲*{{cite journal |vauthors=Fukuhara N, Ebert J, Unterholzner L, etal |title=SMG7 is a 14-3-3-like adaptor in the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway. |journal=Mol. Cell |volume=17 |issue= 4 |pages= 537–47 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15721257 |doi= 10.1016/j.molcel.2005.01.010 }}
▲*{{cite journal | vauthors=Azzalin CM, Lingner J |title=The human RNA surveillance factor UPF1 is required for S phase progression and genome stability. |journal=Curr. Biol. |volume=16 |issue= 4 |pages= 433–9 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16488880 |doi= 10.1016/j.cub.2006.01.018 }}
▲*{{cite journal |vauthors=Takeshita D, Zenno S, Lee WC, etal |title=Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the PIN domain of human EST1A. |journal=Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. |volume=62 |issue= Pt 7 |pages= 656–8 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16820686 |doi= 10.1107/S1744309106020057 | pmc=2242961 }}
▲*{{cite journal | vauthors=Glavan F, Behm-Ansmant I, Izaurralde E, Conti E |title=Structures of the PIN domains of SMG6 and SMG5 reveal a nuclease within the mRNA surveillance complex. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=25 |issue= 21 |pages= 5117–25 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17053788 |doi= 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601377 | pmc=1630413 }}
▲*{{cite journal |vauthors=Takeshita D, Zenno S, Lee WC, etal |title=Crystal structure of the PIN domain of human telomerase-associated protein EST1A. |journal=Proteins |volume=68 |issue= 4 |pages= 980–9 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17557331 |doi= 10.1002/prot.21351 }}
▲{{refend}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=23293}}
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