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{{Short description|none}}
The core of the '''security and intelligence system of the [[Republic of Croatia]]''' consists of two [[Security agency|security]] and [[Intelligence agency|intelligence agencies]]:
*[[Security and Intelligence Agency]] ([[Croatian language|Croatian]]: ''Sigurnosno-obavještajna agencija'' or SOA),
*[[Military Security and Intelligence Agency]] ([[Croatian language|Croatian]]: ''Vojna sigurnosno-obavještajna agencija'' or VSOA)
These agencies conduct their activities in accordance with the Constitution, relevant national legislation, the National Security Strategy, the Defence Strategy and the Annual Guidelines for the Work of Security Services.<ref name="coe.int">
The community of intelligence agencies, military and civilian, was established by Croatia during the [[Croatian war of
==Organization==
According to the [[Constitution of Croatia]], the President of the Republic and the Prime Minister cooperate in directing the operations of the security services. The appointment of directors of security agencies is counter-signed by the President and the Prime Minister, upon a prior opinion of the Domestic Policy and National Security Committee of the Croatian Parliament.<ref>{{cite web |author=Copyright 2006 - USTAVNI SUD REPUBLIKE HRVATSKE |url=http://www.usud.hr/default.aspx?Show=ustav_republike_hrvatske&Lang=en |title=Constitution of the Republic of Croatia |publisher=Usud.hr |access-date
===National Security Council===
{{Main|National Security Council (Croatia)}}
Tasks of cooperation between President of the Republic and the Prime Minister in directing the work of security and intelligence agencies, is within the competence of the National Security Council (''Vijeće za nacionalnu sigurnost'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soa.hr/UserFiles/File/Zakon_o_sigurnosno-obavjestajnom_sustavu_RH_eng.pdf |title=Act on the Security Intelligence System of the Republic of Croatia |
===Council for the Coordination of Security and Intelligence Services===
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===Office of the National Security Council===
The '''[[Office of the National Security Council]]''' (''Ured Vijeća za nacionalnu sigurost'' or ''UVNS'') is the body of the Croatian security and intelligence system which provides support in the field of national security for major state institutions. The UVNS has three major duties: support for the National Security Council and Council for the Coordination of Security Services; analysis of the Agencies'
===Security and Intelligence Agency===
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===Information Systems Security Bureau===
The '''Information Systems Security Bureau''' (''Zavod za sigurnost informacijskih sustava'' or ''ZSIS'') is the central state authority responsible for the technical areas of [[information security]] of the state bodies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zsis.hr/site/Naslovnica/Onama/tabid/97/Default.aspx |title=O nama |publisher=Zsis.hr |access-date
===Operational Technology Centre for the Surveillance of Telecommunications===
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===Parliamentary scrutiny===
The scrutiny of the Croatian Parliament over security intelligence agencies is conducted directly or through the Parliamentary Committee for Domestic Policy and National Security ({{lang-hr|Odbor za unutarnju politiku i nacionalnu sigurnost}}),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sabor.hr/Default.aspx?sec=2642 |title=Domestic Policy and National Security Committee |publisher=Sabor.hr |access-date=2011-09-20 |
===Professional scrutiny===
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===Civilian scrutiny===
Croatia is one of few countries where the civilian scrutiny over the agencies work is conducted along with the parliamentary and professional scrutiny.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soa.hr/en/soa/oversight/ |title=SOA - Oversight of SOA activity |publisher=Soa.hr |access-date
==History==
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On 27 May 1991, President [[Franjo Tuđman]] established the '''Bureau for the Protection of the Constitutional Order''' (''Ured za zaštitu ustavnog poretka'' or ''UZUP''). The scope of its work, and its primary task was providing advice and professional assistance, in the area of protection of the constitutional order, to competent authorities performing functions in the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. As a part of the system for the protection of constitutional order, the Bureau was responsible for coordinating and directing the system as a whole. The Service for the Protection of the Constitutional Order, in the framework of the MoI, the Security and Information Service in the MoD, and the Research and Documentation Service of the MFA were all obliged to report to the Bureau on their respective work and results. The Bureau reported to the President of the Republic and to the top state authorities. These authorities, i.e. their services, were the foundation of the system for the protection of the constitutional order.
===
The main tasks of the intelligence community in the 1990s included the protection of the [[sovereignty]] and territorial integrity of the Republic of Croatia (liberation of the occupied territories of Croatia), problems of regional security (resolution of the crises in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]), [[international terrorism]] and [[organized crime]], [[counter-intelligence]] protection. From the beginning, the focus of the intelligence work of the intelligence community was the territorial integrity of Croatia and regional stability, and two thirds of the operations and projects was devoted to these goals. Only one third of the capacity was directed toward international terrorism, organized crime and counter-intelligence protection.<ref name="MT-2000"/>
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* '''National Center for Electronic Monitoring''' (''Nacionalna služba elektroničkog izviđanja'' or ''NSEI''), which was operationally linked to the [[Croatian Army]]'s Central Signals Intelligence Service and provided both internal and external signals intelligence. The NSEI was directly responsible to the Director of the UNS and the [[Joint National Security Committee]].
* Intelligence Academy (''Obavještajna akademija'').
This two services were not regulated by any legislative acts, rather only by the acts on internal organization.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lists101.his.com/pipermail/intelforum/2001-July/005246.html |title=Croatia: Miroslav Tudjman is Controlling NSEI |publisher=Lists101.his.com |date=2001-12-07 |
The Director of the UNS, appointed by the President, was responsible to the President of the Republic for the work of the UNS and the individual services of the National Security Office.<ref name="MT-2000">''[http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=28775&lang=en The first five years of the Croatian Intelligence Service: 1993-1998]'', [[Miroslav Tuđman]], ''National security and the future'', Vol.1 No.2. June 2000.</ref>
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* Directorate of Intelligence Affairs of the Croatian Army Headquarters (ObU GSOSRH)
In addition, part of the community was the Ministry of Defence's [[Department of International Military Co-operation]], which was not an [[intelligence agency]] as such but it collected [[Intelligence (information gathering)|intelligence]] data through official diplomatic and military contacts, as well as through official contacts through military envoys and attaches of Croatia's government.<ref>[http://www.nsf-journal.hr/issues/zbornik_s1/tudman.htm HIS: 1993 - 1998 Prvih pet godina Hrvatske izvještajne službe] {{
The Croatian President provided guidelines for UNS and the Croatian intelligence community operations. The UNS director and state ministers assigned tasks to the services under their authority. The yearly operational plan of the intelligence community was prepared by KOOZ and it included projects and operative actions in which two or more services were required to take part. SONS approved the yearly operational plan of the intelligence community and supervised its implementation.
Aside from the above
During the 1990s, and especially after the war, the
The complete cadre of the SIS was taken from the former [[Socialist Republic of Croatia]]'s ''Republička služba državne sigurnosti'', commonly known as [[UDBA]], whose orders were given by the Federal Service Center in Belgrade. The transfer was made thanks to its leader [[Josip Perković]] and his informal agreement with Franjo Tuđman. From Ministry of Internior, the Service went under jurisdiction of Croatian Ministry of Defence. It was initially politicized, supporting the ruling [[HDZ]] party and its control over the military. The SIS was restructured and de-politicized after the end of the war, diversifying its operations and departments to include the [[Croatian Navy]] and the [[Croatian Air Force]], counterintelligence, criminal investigations and security for Croatia's military leaders. Although responsible solely for defense intelligence, the SIS was believed to have conducted intelligence gathering operations in foreign countries of importance to Croatia.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}
===
[[File:Emblem of the Croatian Inteligence Agency.svg|right|thumb|Emblem of the Croatian
As parliamentary democracy developed in the Republic of Croatia, reforms in security system were continued.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soa.hr/en/history/poa/ |title=Soa - Poa |publisher=Soa.hr |access-date
In accordance with ''Security Services Act'' three security and intelligence services were founded:
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The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration (Croatia)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] retained its own department charged with security work, but it would only provide for security and the flow of information to Croatia's diplomatic offices abroad.
These changes did not fully resolve the problems of the agencies. After the new services were established, President [[Stipe Mesić]] proposed appointments for the directors of the agencies, but Prime Minister [[Ivica Račan]] refused to countersign the appointments. Additional problems were caused by a lack of coordination, since documents and files had to be transferred to the new agencies. Several days before the Office for National Security ceased to exist (on March 31), its outgoing head [[Tomislav Karamarko]] ordered all such materials to be moved to the [[Croatian State Archives]]. This gesture was a protest against the reorganization of the security and intelligence services. It also turned out to be a major scandal since the sensitive and confidential documents were not guarded at the archives, where they languished for several days before being taken to the Intelligence Agency.<ref name="
The Directors of the Intelligence Agency were:<ref>
* Damir Lončarić
* Veselko Grubišić
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==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
==External links==
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* [http://www.zsis.hr/Site/Default.aspx?alias=www.zsis.hr/site/eng Information Systems Security Bureau]
{{Croatian intelligence agencies}}
{{External national intelligence agencies}}
{{Croatia topics|state=collapsed}}
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[[Category:Croatian intelligence agencies|*]]
[[Category:Intelligence communities]]
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