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{{Short description|Japanese noble family}}
{{Draft topics|east-asia}}
{{AfC topic|soc}}
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{{Infobox Japanese clan|province of origin=[[Izumo Province]]|home province=[[Izumo Province]]|founder=[[Ame no Hohi]]|current head=Takamasa Senge (千家尊祐)|image=File:Izumo-taisha14bs4592.jpg|caption=Izumo Taisha, the traditional shrine of the family|parent house=[[Kuni no miyatsuko]]|image caption=Izumo Taisha, the traditional shrine of the family|alt=Izumo Taisha, the traditional shrine of the family}}
'''The Izumo clan''' is a Japanese noble family descended from [[Ame no Hohi]] who used to rule [[Izumo Province]] and run [[Izumo Taisha]] today.<ref>{{Citation |title=Converting Japan, 1825–1875 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474271110.ch-004 |work=The Origin of Modern Shinto in Japan : The Vanquished Gods of Izumo |date=2016 |page=38 |access-date=2023-10-24 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |doi=10.5040/9781474271110.ch-004 |isbn=978-1-4742-7108-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Cali |first1=Joseph |title=Shinto Shrines: A Guide to the Sacred Sites of Japan's Ancient Religion |last2=Dougill |first2=John |date=2012-11-30 |publisher=Latitude 20 |isbn=978-0-8248-3713-6 |edition=Illustrated |location=Honolulu |language=English}}</ref><ref name="matsunaga-2023a">{{Cite web |last=Matsunaga |first=Naomichi |title=Kuni no miyatsuko |url=https://d-museum.kokugakuin.ac.jp/eos/detail/?id=8839 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231025020641/https://d-museum.kokugakuin.ac.jp/eos/detail/?id=8839 |archive-date=2023-10-25 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=Kokugakuin University Encyclopedia of Shinto |language=en}}</ref><ref name="matsunaga-2023b">{{Cite web |last=Matsunaga |first=Naomichi |title=Izumo kokusō |url=https://d-museum.kokugakuin.ac.jp/eos/detail/?id=8603 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231025020717/https://d-museum.kokugakuin.ac.jp/eos/detail/?id=8603 |archive-date=2023-10-25 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=Kokugakuin University Encyclopedia of Shinto |language=en}}</ref>
 
The clan were originally [[Kuni no miyatsuko]] but after the abolition of the role they took on a priestly role at [[Izumo-taisha]], they share this history with the [[Aso clan]] of [[Aso Shrine]], the [[Owari clan]] of [[Atsuta Shrine]], the {{ill|Munakata clan|ja|宗像氏}} of [[Munakata Taisha]],<ref name="matsunaga-2023a" /> and the [[Yamato no Kuni no Miyatsuko|Yamato clan]] of [[Ōyamato Shrine]].
They held the position of [[Kuni no miyatsuko]] of [[Izumo Province]]. They now run [[Izumo-taishakyo]] as the Senge family.<ref>{{Cite web |last=D |first=John |date=2014-05-29 |title=Ancient ties (imperial wedding) |url=https://www.greenshinto.com/2014/05/29/ancient-ties-imperial-wedding/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=Green Shinto |language=en-GB}}</ref> The head of the family was still called the [[Kuni no miyatsuko|Kokuzo]] or Kuni no MIyatsuko in the medieval period, long after the Kuni no Miyatsuko of other provinces ceased to be relevant.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=Converting Japan, 1825–1875 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474271110.ch-004 |work=The Origin of Modern Shinto in Japan : The Vanquished Gods of Izumo |pages=33-40 |access-date=2023-10-24 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-4742-7108-0}}</ref>
 
From the beginning the role of Izumo no Kuni no Miyatsuko was seen as substantially more important than the other [[Kuni no miyatsuko]].<ref name="matsunaga-2023b" />
Their position as a religious authority is sometimes seen as in contrast to the Yamato as an "other Japan". Their religious authority was somewhat unusual among Kuni no Miyatsuko due to being in a religiously significant location.<ref>https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=f4c1688482fde5c4fbd16a8192d81decc6e97f93</ref> They were likely a rival clan to the [[Imperial House of Japan]] early on, with the relationship of their subordination being mythologized as a mutual compromise in the Kojiki and Izumo no Fudoki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Piggott |first=Joan R. |date=1989 |title=Sacral Kingship and Confederacy in Early Izumo |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2384698 |journal=Monumenta Nipponica |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=62 |doi=10.2307/2384698 |issn=0027-0741}}</ref>▼
 
They areheld descendantsthe position of {{Nihongo|[[Amenohohi-Kuni no-mikoto miyatsuko]]|天穂日命}}, the second son of {{Nihongo|[[Amaterasu|Amaterasu-ōmikamiIzumo Province]]|天照大御神}},. theThey sunnow goddessrun whose[[Izumo-taishakyo]] first son is the ancestor ofas the imperialSenge family, have been, in the name of .{{Nihongocn|Izumodate=November Kokuso|出雲国造2023}} orThe governorhead of Izumo,the takingfamily overwas ritualsstill becausecalled whenthe Izumo-taisha[[Kuni was founded Amenohohi-no-mikoto renderedmiyatsuko|Kokuzo]] serviceor toKuni Okuninushi-no-kami. AmeMIyatsuko noin Hohithe wasmedieval sentperiod, tolong runafter [[Izumothe Taisha]]Kuni forno Susanoo when the transferMiyatsuko of landother occurredprovinces asceased partto of thebe agreementrelevant.<ref name="the-origin-of-modern-shinto-in-japan-the-vanquished-gods-of-izumo-2016a">{{Citation |title=Converting Japan, 1825–1875 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474271110.ch-004 |work=The Origin of Modern Shinto in Japan : The Vanquished Gods of Izumo |pagedate=2016 |pages=3233–40 |access-date=2023-10-24 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |doi=10.5040/9781474271110.ch-004 |isbn=978-1-4742-7108-0}}</ref>
 
▲Their position as a religious authority is sometimes seen as in contrast to the Yamato as an "other Japan". Their religious authority was somewhat unusual among Kuni no Miyatsuko due to being in a religiously significant location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Antoni |first=Klaus |title=Izumo as the 'Other Japan': Construction vs. Reality |url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=f4c1688482fde5c4fbd16a8192d81decc6e97f93 |journal=Japanese Religions |volume=30 |pages=1–17}}</ref> They were likely a rival clan to the [[Imperial House of Japan]] early on, with the relationship of their subordination being mythologized as a mutual compromise in the Kojiki and Izumo no Fudoki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Piggott |first=Joan R. |date=1989 |title=Sacral Kingship and Confederacy in Early Izumo |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2384698 |journal=Monumenta Nipponica |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=62 |doi=10.2307/2384698 |jstor=2384698 |issn=0027-0741}}</ref>
 
They are descendants of {{Nihongo|[[Amenohohi-no-mikoto]]|天穂日命}}, the second son of {{Nihongo|[[Amaterasu|Amaterasu-ōmikami]]|天照大御神}}, the sun goddess whose first son is the ancestor of the imperial family, have been, in the name of {{Nihongo|Izumo Kokuso|出雲国造}} or governor of Izumo, taking over rituals because when Izumo-taisha was founded Amenohohi-no-mikoto rendered service to Okuninushi-no-kami. Ame no Hohi was sent to run [[Izumo Taisha]] for Susanoo when the transfer of land occurred as part of the agreement.<ref>{{Citation |title=Converting Japan, 1825–1875 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474271110.ch-004 |work=The Origin of Modern Shinto in Japan : The Vanquished Gods of Izumo |date=2016 |page=32 |access-date=2023-10-24 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |doi=10.5040/9781474271110.ch-004 |isbn=978-1-4742-7108-0}}</ref>
The family's conflict around 1340 made them separated into two lineages, {{Nihongo|Senge|千家}} and {{Nihongo|Kitajima|北島}}. This occurred because of a dispute related to the eldest son being too sickly to perform the physically demanding [[Fire drill]] succession ritual to become Kokuzo.<ref name=":0" />▼
 
▲The family's conflict around 1340 made them separated into two lineages, {{Nihongo|Senge|千家}} and {{Nihongo|Kitajima|北島}}. This occurred because of a dispute related to the eldest son being too sickly to perform the physically demanding [[Fire drill]] succession ritual to become Kokuzo.<ref name=":0the-origin-of-modern-shinto-in-japan-the-vanquished-gods-of-izumo-2016a" /> The older line became {{Nihongo|Senge|千家}} and the younger became {{Nihongo|Kitajima|北島}}.<ref name="matsunaga-2023b" />
 
After the separation those two families took the position of Izumo no Kuni no Miyatsuko by turns until the late 19th century. Shinto was reconstructed as modernized Japan's national religion in the late 19th century. In 1871, Izumo-taisha was designated as an Imperial-associated shrine and the government sent a new administrator so Izumo no Kuni no Miyatsuko families were no more the administrators of Izumo-taisha. Senge and Kitajima established their religious corporations respectively, {{Nihongo|Izumo-taisha-kyo|出雲大社教}} by Senge and {{Nihongo|Izumo-kyo|出雲教}} by Kitajima.
 
{{Ill|[[Senge Takatomi|lt=Takatomi Senge|simple|Takatomi Senge}}]] was the 80th high priest of [[Izumo-taisha]] and founded [[Izumo-taishakyo]] after the shrine was seized by the [[Government of Meiji Japan]].<ref name="google3">{{cite book |author=Miller, R.A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M4ba4AeaFHAC |title=現代日本文読本: Graded Lessons for Mastering the Written Language |date=1962 |publisher=Tuttle Publishing |isbn=9780804816472 |page=115 |accessdate=2015-01-01}}</ref><ref name="google">{{cite book |author1=Teeuwen, M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yBFFAz4z3gUC |title=Shinto, a Short History |author2=Breen, J. |author3=Inoue, N. |author4=Mori, M. |date=2003 |publisher=RoutledgeCurzon |isbn=9780415311793 |page=177 |accessdate=2015-01-01}}</ref>.
 
Under the [[Occupation of Japan|Allied occupation after World War II]], Shinto was separated from the government control and Izumo-taisha was reformed into a private shrine, then Senge and its Izumo-taisha-kyo took back the position of the administrator of Izumo-taisha. {{Nihongo|Takatoshi Senge|千家尊祀}}, the 83rd-generation Izumo no Kuni no Miyatsuko of Senge lineage, was chosen to be the chief priest of Izumo-taisha in 1947. He died in February 2002 at the age of 89.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}
 
Currently, the position of the administrator of Izumo-taisha is succeeded by Senge lineage. Its Izumo-taisha-kyo is better known nationwide and has more followers in total, "{{Nihongo2|出雲大社 千家 尊統}} (1998/8)", but locally Kitajima lineage and its Izumo-kyo has more followers around Izumo region. Kitajima is the more orthodox Izumo no Kuni no Miyatsuko. "{{Nihongo2|出雲国造系統伝略 北島斉孝}} (1898)". On October 5, 2014, Kunimaro Senge, eldest son of the current administrator Takamasa Senge, married [[Princess Noriko]] at the shrine. Princess Noriko is a daughter of the late Prince Takamado, a cousin of the now-[[Akihito|Emperor Emeritus of Japan]].<ref>"Japantimes - Princess Noriko to wed" [http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/05/27/national/princess-noriko-to-wed-son-of-izumo-taisha-chief-priest/#.VC_BNCjLZ5g], Tokyo, 27 May 2014. Retrieved on 4 October 2014</ref>
 
== See Alsoalso ==
* [[Izumo Taisha]]
* {{Interlanguage link|[[Yamato no Kuni no Miyatsuko|ja|倭国造|simple}}]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
=== GeneralFurther referencesreading ===
 
{{Refbegin}}
* ''Ancient Izumo in the spotlight''. (2007, February 26, p. 19). The Daily Yomiuri (Tokyo), 1. Retrieved July 12, 2008, from the LexisNexis Academic database.
Line 40 ⟶ 44:
* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane]], Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). [https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan ''The Imperial House of Japan.''] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/194887 OCLC 194887]
* ''Senge, chief priest of Izumo Shrine, dies at 89''. (2002, April 18). Japan Economic Newswire. Retrieved July 28, 2008, from the LexisNexis Academic database.
{{Refend}}{{draft categories|
 
[[Category:Kuni no miyatsuko families]]
[[Category:Izumo Grand Shrine]]
[[Category:Izumo Province]]
[[Category:Shake clans]]
[[Category:Izumo clan]]
 
▲}}
{{Suwa Faith}}
{{Izumo-taishakyo}}
[[simple:Izumo no Kuni no Miyatsuko]]
[[ja:出雲国造]]
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