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[[File:U.S. Department of Energy - Science - 391 009 010 (31308713210).jpg|thumb|[[Shyh Wang Hall]], which houses the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.]]
The '''National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC),''' is a high-performance computing ([[supercomputer]]) National User Facility operated by [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]] for the [[United States Department of Energy]] [[Office of Science]]. As the mission computing center for the Office of Science, NERSC houses high performance computing and data systems used by 9,000 scientists at national laboratories and universities around the country. Research at NERSC is focused on fundamental and applied research in [[Efficient energy use|energy efficiency]], storage, and generation; Earth systems science, and understanding of fundamental forces of nature and the universe. The largest research areas are in High Energy Physics, Materials Science, Chemical Sciences, Climate and Environmental Sciences, Nuclear Physics, and Fusion Energy research. NERSC's newest and largest supercomputer is [[Perlmutter (supercomputer)|Perlmutter]], which debuted in 2021 ranked 5th on the [[TOP500]] list of world's fastest supercomputers.
==History==
NERSC was founded in 1974 as the Controlled Thermonuclear Research Computer Center, or CTRCC, at [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]] (LLNL). The center was created to provide computing resources to the fusion energy research community, and began with a [[CDC 6600|Control Data Corporation 6600]] computer (SN-1). The first machine procured directly by the center was a [[CDC 7600]], installed in 1975 with a peak performance of 36 megaflop/s (36 million floating point operations per second). In 1976, the center was renamed the National Magnetic Fusion Energy Computer Center.
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The newest supercomputer [[Perlmutter (supercomputer)|Perlmutter]], is named after [[Saul Perlmutter]], an astrophysicist at Berkeley Lab who shared the 2011 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] for his contributions to research showing that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. It is a [[Cray]] system based on the Shasta architecture, with [[Zen 3]] based [[Epyc|AMD Epyc]] [[Central processing unit|CPUs]] ("Milan") and [[Ampere (microarchitecture)|NVIDIA Ampere]] [[Graphics processing unit|GPUs]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nersc.gov/systems/perlmutter/|title = Perlmutter}}</ref>
Another NERSC supercomputer is Cori, named after [[Gerty Cori]], a [[biochemist]] who was the first American woman to receive a [[Nobel Prize]] in science. Cori is a [[Cray XC40]] system with 622,336 Intel processor cores and a theoretical peak performance of 30 [[petaflop]]/s (30 quadrillion operations per second). Cori was delivered in two phases. The first phase—also known as the Data Partition—was installed in late 2015 and comprises 12 cabinets and more than 1,600 [[Xeon|Intel Xeon]] "Haswell" compute nodes. The second phase<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cori Intel Xeon Phi (KNL) Nodes |url=http://www.nersc.gov/users/computational-systems/cori/configuration/cori-intel-xeon-phi-nodes/
NERSC also houses a 200+ [[petabyte]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nersc.gov/users/storage-and-file-systems/hpss/about/|title=About|website=www.nersc.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-02-08}}</ref> [[High Performance Storage System]] (HPSS) for [[Archive|archival]] [[mass storage]], in use since 1998.
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==External links==
*
*[http://www.nersc.gov/about/nersc-history/ NERSC history]
*[http://www.es.net/ ESnet]
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[[Category:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]]
[[Category:Science and technology in the San Francisco Bay Area]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Berkeley, California]]
[[Category:University and college laboratories in the United States]]
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